0:00To order the planning and economic development standing committee on today, Thursday, July 9th.
0:06Madam Clerk, will you please call the role?
0:08Councilmember Letitia Johnson.
0:10Councilmember Gabriele Santiago Romero.
0:12Member Santiago Romero did indicate she would not be present.
0:20Madam Chair, you have a quorum present.
0:22Having a quorum present, we are back in session and picking up on the agenda with unfinished business beginning with line item 9.1.
0:32Line item 9.1 is the status of council member Angela Whitfield Callaway submitting memorandum relative to request for resolution in support of Senate Bill 1053.
0:44There is a request for a one-week bring back.
0:50Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
0:53Without objection, I'd like to combine line items 9.2, 9.3, and 9.4.
1:00There is a request for a two-week bring back.
1:07Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
1:11That brings us now to new business and line item 9.1, which is contract number 6005951-8.
1:22100% opioid settlement funding.
1:24Amendment number three.
1:27This is a one-year renewal for drug use intervention counseling services.
1:33Contractor is families against narcotics.
1:37Contract period through August 28th, 2027.
1:42Contract increase amount 1 million 25,725.
1:50Is there a motion to approve or discuss?
1:56There's a motion to send line item 10.1 to formal with a recommendation to approve.
2:01Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
2:06Line item 10.2, contract number 6007459-a1.
2:15Amendment number one to provide an increase of funds and add contract terms to oversee the rehabilitation and construction of public housing units.
2:24Contractor, Detroit Housing Commission.
2:27Contract period through December 31st, 2030.
2:33Contract increase amount two million dollars.
2:37Is there a motion to discuss?
3:07Yes, good afternoon through the chair.
3:08We do have Irene Tucker from DHC Online as well as Gordon Pearson.
3:14If we can promote them, both are promoted as panelists, madam chair.
3:33Please introduce yourself for the record.
3:41I am the CDBG Disaster Recovery Director with the Office of Development and Grants.
3:56So I know this contract I believe is providing support for various sites.
4:17At this time, we're just starting the grant for the whole um site rehabilitation.
4:24So outside of the normal day-to-day maintenance that we do on a normal um progression, um, we're doing that, but specific to the actual grant.
4:33Um, there is in this early stages of planning following the HUD guidelines for redevelopment.
4:39And Miss Tucker, is this for a particular facility of yours or multiple?
4:45This will be for multiple, and as you well know, parkside is one because you've been very supportive through the chair.
4:51Um, and that's just uh getting started.
4:54Um we're still through the HUD process.
4:57You still have to go through financing all these different things.
5:00So the biggest thing there is that we have a sign up, you know.
5:03Um, yeah, and hopefully, Mr.
5:05Jemerson will be joining shortly as well.
5:11I just wanted to see if there was any additional information that you had that you could share, but I do understand it's a significant undertaking that you all are undergoing.
5:22Do you know offhand how many units in total you are improving?
5:29Through this grant that's applicable under um the support of the city and following the um guidelines for the exact grant.
5:37There's over a thousand units.
5:39Okay, and coming online will be over probably two hundred new units.
5:46Okay, all right, excellent.
5:48I know there are uh there's a great need for them as you well know.
5:53So looking forward to uh future updates just so we know how things are progressing and we can direct residents uh and refer them accordingly.
6:05All right, thank you so much.
6:07Pro Tim Young, is there a motion on line item 10.2?
6:11Motion with discussion.
6:13Uh microphone, please.
6:14Uh, continue discussion.
6:16Motion discussion, thank you so much.
6:17I just want to know is there a gant chart that we can expect to see in terms of when you expect to complete these projects through the chair, we will ensure that you receive that.
6:34Um, also I just wanted to ask do we have a um analysis of what this means for the um property values that could potentially increase in these areas.
6:47Uh do we have uh analysis of what this would be in terms of the um neighborhood financial stability index terms of income growth, bill payment stability or or uh savings growth or things that nature at all?
7:05Uh through the chair, that's um definitely something that we can uh discuss and get to you, but initially through the chair, really is just giving our residents what they deserve uh from a rehabilitation status on.
7:19If I use parkside as an example, parkside is so dilapidated, and we're trying to ensure right now everybody still have a new air conditioner.
7:27We're trying to keep the residents very you know, um their satisfaction level and their living conditions where it needs to be.
7:34The whole purpose of this program not only to insite a better living condition, but also to you know branch out and make the community better.
7:43Gordon, I don't know if you have any additional questions, but we will take this information down, Mr.
7:47Young, and make sure you you have what you um have requested or timeline for it uh through the chair.
7:54Yeah, I appreciate that.
7:56Um also uh if you could just give me like a estimate of an area deprivation index of this neighborhood, what this project will have on the neighborhood, and um, you know, maybe some uh analysis in terms of spin-off jobs from this as well.
8:13Okay, thank you so much.
8:14I'll take that back to the team.
8:16Thank you through the chair.
8:20Pro Tim, is there a motion on line item 10.2?
8:23I think I made the motion already, so I can make it again.
8:28Motion to send line item 10.2 to formal with recommendation to approve.
8:36Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
8:41Thank you all for joining us.
8:47And without objection, I'd like to combine line items 10.3 through 10.6.
8:56Line item 10.3 is contract number 600 7796, 100% city funding to provide planning, organizational development, and site project readiness activities to develop plans for the creation/slash expansion of a community land trust within the boundaries of Mount Elliott to the west, St.
9:17Jean to the east, Warren to the north, and Vernon to the south.
9:21Contractor, Genesis Harbor of Opportunities Promoting Excellence, well known as Genesis Hope.
9:30Contract period through June 30th, 2027.
9:34Total contract amount 206, 360.
9:40Line item 10.4 is contract number 6007 817.
9:46This is for Detroit Cultivator Community Land Trust with a total contract amount of 300 2,780.
10:00Line item 10.5 is for LIVE 6 Detroit.
10:05Total contract amount 200,000.
10:08And line item 10.6 is for North Corktown neighborhood association.
10:17Total contract amount 222,000.
10:21Is there a motion to discuss?
10:29Who do we have who can just share with us?
10:32I'm really excited to see CLTs providing getting support and preparing to do some phenomenal work throughout the city of Detroit.
10:44Who do we have from HRD to share what's actually taking place?
10:52Kegan Mahoney with the city's housing and revitalization department.
11:00If yes, if you could just share what we have in front of us really for the benefit of the general public.
11:09So for those who are not familiar, community land trusts are nonprofit community organizations that acquire and steward uh land uh over the long term, often for affordable housing purposes.
11:22Uh so bringing um uh new affordable housing uh to the market, but retaining long-term ownership of the land itself in order to provide uh ongoing affordability as uh homeowners turn up turnover uh in those units.
11:37So it's a way to provide lower income households, the opportunity for home ownership, uh, but ensuring that those uh housing units remain a community asset over the long term.
11:47This is a model that's been increasingly used uh in across the country and in many uh cities uh and uh uh importantly, many cities and uh the state of Michigan have turned to community land trusts uh as a key tool for affordable homeownership.
12:03Um so there's been a lot of energy in developing uh more community land trust capacity in the city of Detroit uh with a lot of advocacy and philanthropic investment in uh building awareness of the concept among the nonprofit community, and we've seen a lot of nonprofit organizations across the city uh start to explore and uh and receive philanthropic funding uh to do early stage uh development of community land trusts.
12:28Uh so from the uh housing revitalization department, we're excited about uh community land trusts as an affordable housing uh tool in the toolbox.
12:36Um many of these organizations are pretty early stage, and so when we look at the opportunities to convert these from idea to uh execution, there was some work that needed to be done from a planning and government governance uh development uh processes.
12:52Uh so we issued a uh RFP uh last fall uh to identify community organizations who were pursuing community land trust models in order to uh execute uh planning contracts uh to complete that work with the goal of identifying opportunities for shovel ready community land trust development.
13:10Uh so these contracts are a result of that competitive RFP process.
13:14I will note there are two additional uh uh contracts that are in process that are not quite ready uh to be presented to the committee, but there will be a total of six uh uh uh contracts under this program to again uh identify um uh opportunities for community land trust development through planning and engagement uh at uh the local level and including uh community engagement market analysis and uh and um uh uh uh development planning, uh governance development, including developing the the develop the governance structure for community land trusts in these communities, and then early stage pre-development, uh so assessing the viability of uh development opportunities uh within the target areas, including early stage things like title work environmental assessments to assess the viability and uh and cost implications of community land trust development.
14:13All right, excellent.
14:18I know initially when um we were looking into this and and just knowing different organizations that were interested in creating a community land trust.
14:29They all seem to be congregated in in one part of the city.
14:33Um seeing more happening throughout the city.
14:38Can you share whether or not these community land trusts are spread throughout the city as opposed to a concentration in any particular area?
15:00So the ones that applied for this RFP process are generally speaking in areas that where there's been uh evidence of a uh increasing home prices uh that have raised the concern around uh inability for uh lower income and middle income households to be able to afford uh homeownership.
15:18Uh so we are seeing uh increased uh uh or specific interest in this model in some of those uh geographies.
15:25Um though they are um you know I would say some of them are are uh around the periphery of the greater downtown, um, but there are uh uh uh several of them that are in other uh parts of the city, including the the six mile and livernoy area um and the um the the uh lodge and davidson uh area, uh island view, uh North Cork Town, um uh north end and um uh in the area around Henry Ford Hospital are the the geographic focus of the land trust that applied for um this RFP.
16:03Uh at this time uh we are not aware of other uh place-based community land trust uh uh efforts with a housing component that uh are at uh this stage yet.
16:15Um though again, I believe that there is increasing interest in this as a model, and we would expect the potential for additional uh community land trust initiatives uh to emerge in other parts of the city.
16:28All right, thank you.
16:29I think that is important.
16:30Um, as I began working on the community land choice land trust ordinance and even the CLT fund, the thought for me has always been to create opportunities for homeownership opportunities, whether smaller houses, um entry level opportunities, but to give people the support and opportunity to um build equity for them to be able to grow their family, to move into a larger home, um, but really making sure that homeownership opportunities were available to everyone in the city who have a desire throughout the city.
17:14Um quite honestly, I don't think there should be one neighborhood where if someone of a lower income uh wants to purchase a house, I think they should have that ability to do so.
17:27And and that's really that was the thought for me around creating the uh community land trust fund and the ordinance.
17:35So uh appreciate all the work, all of the work.
17:38I know uh my team uh has been in a lot of communication with you and uh your team, and so we certainly do appreciate all of the work that you've put into this uh as you indicated, which is a tool in the toolbox to provide opportunities for homeownership for lower income families.
18:02We're excited to see uh how this progresses.
18:08Is there a motion on line items 10.3 through 10.6?
18:13Motion on the line of 2.3 through 2.6.
18:16There's a motion to send line items 10.3 through 10.6 to formal with the recommendation to approve.
18:23Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
18:27Thank you again, Mr.
18:31Line item 10.7 is submitting report relative to public act 381 of 1996, a report for tax year 2026.
18:45The information has been received.
18:47Is there a motion to receive and file?
19:01Uh there a motion to receive a file.
19:05There's a motion to receive and file line item 10.7.
19:08Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
19:13Line item 10.8 is the annual home home ARP, CDBG DR, ARPA, CNI, AHD, and PF and CDBG.
19:32Revision revised awards.
19:36Is there a motion to approve or discuss?
19:42There's a motion to send line item 10.8 to formal with recommendation to approve.
19:48Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
19:53Line item 10.9, submit a report relative to a request for a pro a progress report on the Fitzgerald revitalization project.
20:02The information has been received.
20:05Is there a motion to receive and file?
20:09Motion to receive and file.
20:11There's a motion to receive and file line item 10.9.
20:14Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
20:18Line item 10.10, submitting report relative to a follow-up on questions of the Detroit Land Bank Authorities Development Activities.
20:29That information has been received as well.
20:32Is there a motion to receive and file?
20:35Motion receive a file.
20:37Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
20:41Line item 10.11 is the property sale of 17302 through 336.
20:50As well as 17325 through 43, Lamont, and 17314 through 20, as well as 17332 through 8 Healy.
21:11Potentially being sold to 4600 Nancy LLC.
21:18Is there a motion to discuss?
21:41This is John Tron with Housing Revitalization Department, the Real Estate Division.
21:46Hello, just um can you just share with us the intent of the um requester, the per the purchaser for the properties?
21:57Yeah, 4600 uh Nancy L.
21:59She's also known as Linard Syrup.
22:01I'm not sure if you're familiar with them.
22:03Uh you know, they've been in business in Detroit for a long time.
22:06You probably may see their uh their trucks with the rainbow logo.
22:09I think that they're basically the gold standard premiere folks for like sodom pop machines as well as syrups.
22:15Um but this is uh for adjacent property.
22:18Unfortunately, uh these vacant lots have been the target of a lot of legal dumping.
22:22And so I know for Leonard syrup throughout the years, uh you know they've taken upon themselves to kind of maintain these lots, and the overall goal is to clean them up, fence it in, and uh additional parking.
22:34All right, thank you.
22:36Pro Tem Young, is there a motion on line item 10.11?
22:42There's a motion to approve.
22:44Motion to approve line 10.11.
22:46There's a motion to send line item 10.11 to formal with the recommendation to approve.
22:51Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
22:56Line item 10.12 is the sale of Wayne County tax foreclosed occupied properties.
23:11Is there a motion to discuss?
23:23Uh I should be having uh my colleague uh up there, Cecilia, who's uh the head of the make it home program.
23:30Please introduce yourself for the record.
23:34Yes, Cecilia Ulvera, property tax foreclosure prevention manager in the human homeless uh and family services department.
23:43Thank you for joining us.
23:45Um I believe it was indicated that the property listing would be provided.
23:52We have not received that.
23:55Will you please share that with us?
23:59I'm interested to see those in district four that are on the list.
24:03Yes, uh, through the chair, typically we provide a much typically the the full list of foreclosed properties each year, um, knowing that the final list of make it home properties will not be um decided upon until we get much later into the month.
24:21We still have a lot of uh residents to funnel into the program.
24:25We want to reach as many as possible.
24:27I can certainly uh provide uh your office with uh the historical number of residents who have participated in the program as well as how many we um we have uh once we uh finalize this cohort.
24:43Um it's each program here we have the initial right of first refusal and potentially even the opportunity to uh take and assist more residents in between auctions.
24:57So we don't generally close out the cohort until October.
25:02Okay, thank you for that.
25:03So we do have the original list of um properties that could potentially have gone into foreclosure, and my team in collaboration with the community and neighborhood associations go out and canvas and we share the make it home program with renters that whose property that they reside in are facing foreclosure.
25:29Um I'm interested to see how how many uh people have actually reached out to be a part of the make it home program and to see if uh they can actually make that transition.
25:42So you're saying we wouldn't be able to we wouldn't know that until October?
25:48Um the final we we have the vast bulk of the cohort finalized by the end of July, August, but we do have an additional dozen or less who we um do add to the cohort uh by the the end of the program season.
26:02As of now, I can tell you that um I've analyzed the list, the most recent list sent to us by Wayne County.
26:09Um, and there are about 900 total eligible properties, and we have had 200, I believe 253 of those property of those households reach out regarding the program.
26:21Um, some of those households will, of course, not be eligible for various reasons, whether their houses are um of essential uh pulled from the foreclosure petition, um, or there's an inhabitability issue in that case, we link those residents with um other Detroit housing services programs.
26:39Okay, and are you um can you share the 253 homes?
26:45The addresses um yes, certainly.
26:48I can uh work with the vendor, which is the United Community Housing Coalition to get the the complete list.
26:55Um we do um ensure that each full each household that does come in and expresses interest in the program also receives wraparound services, but I can I can get that to your office, certainly.
27:08The reason I'm asking is I have a resident in particular who we encourage to apply for the program, and now we're getting feedback that there are individuals who acquired the property and they're maybe attempting to evict her, but we don't actually know that someone has purchased the property or whether or not it actually went into foreclosure.
27:37Um so it's a it's a very unique situation.
27:40Um, and I can certainly reach out to you directly to to see if that address is on the list so I can communicate back with her just to be sure that she's aware whether or not you know the the folks that are reaching out to her are legitimate, or if it is someone doing something illegal.
28:07Yes, absolutely, through the chairs.
28:09Um at this point in where we are in the year, there have not been any property sales for the most recently foreclosed properties.
28:18So I would say with a little bit of confidence that this is most likely uh unfortunately that resident being scammed, but we are happy to follow up and confirm that with them as well.
28:27Yeah, and that's what um our office had shared with her, and of course, any time someone approaches someone who's living in a rental property with a threat of eviction, then you know it's is very traumatic for the resident, and I want to do everything I can to provide some assistance to her if that means walking her through this entire process and giving her the the assurances that whomever is knocking on her door is not legitimate and that they are trying to scam her.
29:04Um and you know, at some point in time she may question anyone who approaches her, right?
29:12So I will connect with you offline to get the address to you, and if you can share details about that particular property that we can communicate back to her on, I would appreciate it.
29:25Definitely thank you.
29:33Uh good to see you guys, everybody.
29:35Good to good to be with you.
29:36I just wanted to ask you have you done an analysis and a comparison of the tax foreclosures by neighborhood without this program?
29:44And have you done a um housing stability analysis with this program?
29:52And have you also done a neighborhood change gentrification index as well?
30:00Through the chair to uh council president Pro Tem, could you please elaborate on what you mean by an analysis?
30:06Well, what I'm talking about analysis, I'm talking about in terms of I'm talking about in terms of gentrification gentrification.
30:11So if they don't qualify for this program, or let's say the program didn't exist, the people that qualified, right?
30:16The program doesn't exist.
30:17These properties go on to foreclosure.
30:20What happens to the neighborhood?
30:23Is it does it do we have a complete gentrification that takes place?
30:27Do we have younger people that move in?
30:29Do we have people who were from the suburbs that come in there?
30:31What happens to the neighborhood with this program?
30:34Have these nickname have these communities been stabilized?
30:38Have these areas been stabilized?
30:40Have we done a comparison uh analysis of what it is with these programs and impact on neighborhood and what happens if we don't have these programs in that same neighborhood?
30:52Through the chair, we definitely could do a more robust analysis of what happens for those residents who do not participate.
30:59As I mentioned, they do receive um anyone who does express interest in the property, we do track those properties closely to ensure to see what the final outcome was, if that property was pulled from foreclosure, if um there it was sold, uh what happened to that resident.
31:17Did they need additional services?
31:19But for those who have not touched the program, we have room to grow there.
31:24For those for on the flip side, however, we also do follow these properties historically and any additional transactions that occur once the resident does graduate from the program and seeing if those properties remain um owner-occupied after the fact.
31:41So that's definitely an area that we can grow in, and the information I do have, I'm happy to share with your office.
31:47Uh, I also wanted to ask you, then I'll wrap up.
31:50I also got I see you looking at me over there.
31:52Um I also wanted to ask you uh the residential vacancy rate.
31:57Uh, do we know what percentage this program uh improves that?
32:03Uh do we know this this program rehabs versus demolitions?
32:08In terms of how many houses have been rehab because of this, how many houses have been demolished that don't have this program?
32:15And then finally, I just wanted to add um property taxes in terms of delinquency rate.
32:24Uh have have have we had more taxes and stabilization because of this program and without, or is it or is it a negligible effect in terms of the amount of taxes that we are receiving now because these folks have stayed in their house?
32:41Yes, through the chair to um the council member.
32:46Uh the to the answer to your question, it kind of follows in similar trend to my previous answer.
32:52But we do have a lot more information about those who who do participate in the program um regarding and the the longevity of the structure on the parcel.
33:02Um, and so definitely uh I will take this uh your concerns to leadership and see how we can do a better analysis of uh the more uh long lasting effects of the program.
33:15Uh as far as um I'm so sorry, I lost my craft for a second.
33:21Uh as far as uh I'm so sorry, what was the latter part of your question?
33:27No, latter part of my part was uh tax collection.
33:30Are we collecting more property tax collection?
33:33You know, and I'm saying that because that's one of the more um volatile ways in which we collect money.
33:38Most cities, as you know, they could with a three-legged stool, they collect money from their property taxes.
33:43We collect it from our income taxes because our property taxes have been so depressed.
33:47Yeah, I've got to believe that this program is stabilizing these properties and it's adding to the property value of everybody else in that neighborhood and community.
33:56So some of the residents who do participate in the program, I can get your office more information about this.
34:02They're offered certain funds through the Rocket Community Foundation, who does supply uh a limited amount of repair funds for those um who participate.
34:11Um additionally, as far as taxes go, the participants they are surrounded with wraparound services, which include making sure that the first year they're eligible, they're applying for hope to stabilize that community and uh prevent any future delinquency and subsequent demolitions regard um, you know, following from a vacancy.
34:31Um, one thing that I I can say, and this your comments are very timely, is that our tools and the toolbox to prevent these from happening are dwindling with the lack of pay as you stay, and now the sunsetting of um the Earth payment plans that were previously available at the county.
34:46So that is something that our team is is working on and with uh other stakeholders um and the assessor's office uh and the board of review to to see and make sure residents are surrounded with every uh resource available.
35:01No, I appreciate it.
35:02Finally, I just want to say also a growth versus value housing metric.
35:06So the m the growth housing part is to maximize the appreciation and development versus the value aspect, maximizing the affordability and cash flow.
35:16You know, I think that's something that we could do as well in terms of you know building more houses, having more development, which is the growth aspect, but it kind of doesn't make sense if you're building more houses, you have more development if people can't afford to live there.
35:28And then three to four or five months later, you know, these are empty shells of what they once were because we built these new houses, put them in there, the people can't afford to do that.
35:35So I think it's a growth in terms of new housing or preserving housing, but it's also a value in terms of affordability and cash flow, that community, and also um about reducing um the housing burden, and for people that are listening, that's for people that spend 30% or more of their income on housing.
35:54And so these are things I'll send to you in the future.
35:57But thank you so much for your time.
35:59We definitely want to keep this going.
36:00I actually went to one of the graduations.
36:03You that that that that that that was that was a whole lot of fun, so I appreciate that.
36:08Uh it was about a serious topic, so thank you for the work that you're doing and uh and preserve the American dream.
36:15And with that, thank you, madam chair.
36:19All right, thank you.
36:20I don't have any additional questions.
36:22I agree wholeheartedly.
36:24Uh this is a phenomenal program.
36:26Glad we're able to continue to do this and hope we have the financial support to uh continue the program as well.
36:35Um with that, pro Tim Young.
36:37Is there a motion to send line item 10.12 to formal with a recommendation to approve?
36:43Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
36:47Thank you all so much.
36:49And Madam Clerk and Pro Tim, we should actually go back to line item 10.1.
36:58We did receive a correction letter.
37:00We did in regards to line item 10.1 as I see it.
37:05The only correction is the name of the department.
37:09It's from the housing and revitalization department to the human homelessness and family services.
37:15Um, and so Madam Clerk.
37:19I don't know if we need to go through the process to make another motion to have it be as amended or just note it.
37:28Through the chair, I would defer that to LPD or law.
37:31I I see the the top of Dr.
37:39Um, Madam Chair, what the original motion was to send it to formal session, I believe.
37:49Um, I think that it would be wisest to um reconsider just sending it and send it as amended because technically you sent the previous version, not this version.
38:03That's correct, isn't it?
38:07So what shall I do, Dr.
38:11I would I would I would suggest that you um rather than just say make a note that it's as amended um that you get a new motion to send this version to formal session.
38:24So uh just reconsider the previous vote and accept this as amended version and send that to formal session.
38:32It's a little complicated, but it would be more correct.
38:38With that, pro Tim Young, is there a motion to reconsider line item the vote on line item 10.1.
38:48Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
38:54Noting that we were just referring to the correction letter in line item 10.1 again.
38:59There's an amendment from the housing and revitalization department to the human homelessness and family services department.
39:07All else remaining the same.
39:09Is there a motion to send line item 10.1 to formal as amended with a recommendation to approve motion hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
39:25And madam clerk, we do have a walk-on.
39:28You have received that as well.
39:31The walk-on item is for the planning and development department and request for authorization of a new new utility easement at 7441 Elmhurst.
39:45Is there a motion to walk this item onto the agenda?
39:50Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
39:54Is there a motion to approve the walk on?
40:00Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
40:03Is there a motion to suspend member reports?
40:08Hearing no objections, that action shall be taken.
40:12And if there is nothing further to come before us, we without objection, we shall stand adjourned.
40:25Good morning, good afternoon, and good night.