Oakland City Council Meeting - May 19, 2026: More Hope Plaza Renaming, Retired Annuitant, Tax Notes, and Consent Calendar
...
Good afternoon, and welcome to this council meeting.
It is Tuesday, May 19th.
And this meeting shall come to order.
Before I call roll, I would like to give instructions on how to submit a speaker card for items on this agenda.
If you are here in person, participating and would like to submit a speaker card, you must fill out a speaker card on the table in the middle of the room and turn it into a clerk representative across from the table, either before the item is read into record or two minutes, two hours after this meeting began that would make that time at 5.33 or submitting um online speaker cards.
They were due 24 hours before this meeting began so though are no longer accepted but again if you are wanting to submit a speaker card for an item on this agenda please fill out a card and turn it into a clerk representative either before the item is called into record or two hours after this it this meeting began whichever comes first with that, I will now call roll on roll for this meeting.
Council member brown.
Present.
Councilmember Fife.
Excused.
Excuse Councilmember Guile.
Councilmember Guile.
Present.
Thank you.
Councilmember Houston.
Excuse.
Okay.
Councilmember Ramachandran.
Present.
Councilmember.
Excuse me.
Unger.
My apologies.
Present.
Thank you.
Councilmember Wong.
Present.
And Chair, Council President Jenkins.
Present.
We have six move are present.
Two two excused.
I will now go to our first item, item number three, modifications to the agenda.
Any modifications to agenda?
CNN.
Or is there anything from the administration for modifications to the agenda?
Thank you for that.
I will now go to our um we have no uh item four, we have no uh public hearings at this time, so we will go to item five, which are non-consent items, starting with item 5.1.
I will read this item into record.
It is a resolution commemoratively renaming the plaza, a public right-of-way at the Oakland LGBT Community Center as More Hope Plaza.
I do have three speakers for this item.
Thank you.
Councilmember Brown.
Excellent.
Um, so I'll go ahead and uh speak first and then turn it over to Councilmember Wong.
Um, so um I am beyond uh honored and humbled to be a part of the renaming of the plaza near the Oakland LGBTQ Cultural Center in the heart of the cultural district.
More Hope Plaza.
This renaming honors the lives and legacy of Peggy Moore and Hope Wood.
These two women were trailblazers in the Bay Area through their passion for social justice, advocacy, and community organizing.
Tragically, they were killed in a car accident May 2024, leaving behind uh just a huge loss here in Oakland and beyond.
And so for those of you who don't may not know uh who was Peggy.
Um, but I'm confident that many of you have so many stories to tell about her visionary leadership.
Peggy was someone who worked on both uh the Barack Obama campaign and Hillary Clinton presidential campaigns, and also ran for Oakland City Council uh a seat that I currently hold and mentored so many of us finding our way in public service and organizing.
I even had the opportunity to volunteer on one of her campaigns while learning my own path forward.
Peggy was a fierce advocate for marriage equality and worked really work alongside countless community organizations and initiatives across the East Bay in pursuit of social justice.
That same passion and fire is exactly why Peggy and her partner Hope Wood were such a perfect match after meeting in 2008 while working on the Obama campaign.
Hope was someone who also had uh accomplished a lot, um, as well as attending the Harvard Kennedy School, Color of Change and Courage of Courage and the Courage campaign together.
Peggy and Hope created their consulting firm, Hope Action Change, and continued to shape movements and communities throughout the East Bay for many years, and so this tragic, this sudden and tragic loss of Peggy and Hope was deeply felt across the entire city of Oakland and the LGBTQ Plus community as well as BIPOC communities.
So the renaming of this plaza outside the Oakland LGBTQ Cultural Center is more than just a ceremonial recognition, it is a commitment to honoring the legacy of two women who fought tirelessly to create a more equitable and just world.
Morehope Plaza will stand as a lasting reminder that queer history cannot and will not be erased in Oakland.
And then lastly, I do want to thank the leadership uh from the Oakland LGBTQ Cultural Center, Jeff Myers, Joe Hawkins, Brandon Harami, for their partnership and leadership.
In addition, I also want to thank the Department of Transportation team, uh of course, the city attorneys, the Office of Mayor Barbara Lee, and my colleague Council Member Wong, for all of your support and helping bring this vision to life.
And so tears to the newest plaza in Oakland, Moorehoe Plaza.
And so I'll turn it over to Councilmember Wong, who I believe is gonna share a video.
Yes.
Alright, Councilmember Wong.
First of all, I'm just so uh privileged and proud to be the council member that um is not only a queer woman of color but also represents the LGBTQ uh cultural district, um, which is just such an icon, and for uh Peggy Moore and Hope Wood to be celebrated, um, you know, in spite of the horrifying loss of their lives due to this uh due to traffic violence.
Um, but um I'm glad we can we can celebrate.
So this is what I see as a celebration of their lives.
Um I did want to just fill in a few other things that weren't uh noted that um Peggy Moore was also the co-founder of Sisters, Steppin' in Pride.
This was really to celebrate queer women of color in Oakland.
She was the past president of the e-space Stonewall Democratic Club and uh Hope Wood, as well as um Moore.
They were leading organizers against the horribly discriminatory proposition eight that happened in California, and following the striking down of Proposition Eight, um it was uh Peggy and and Hope.
They had a wedding celebration at Lake Merritt, also in District 2.
Um, and it was really such a landmark and public celebration of of marriage equality, and so um they've continued that they just have such a legacy, and I'm so proud to celebrate them.
And I think the other thing is beyond just their resumes and accomplishments.
I also wanted to note um Peggy's her why, why did she do everything that she did in politics and Oakland?
And so I dug into the Peggy Moore archive, so to speak, and I have a video to share.
Um this was an interview, just three-minute clip uh with our favorite uh vlogger, uh Zenny.
Um, we can play the clip.
Who's Peggy Moore?
Where'd you grow up?
Moore, right?
Yeah, so look, I'm more and raised in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Uh I'm the oldest of four.
Uh raised by my mother, stepfather.
My biological father um is in Maryland.
He's now deceased.
And I have about, you know, six siblings on that side.
But raised with my four siblings.
Um, you know, I went grew up in Oklahoma, went to junior college, but I pretty much worked all of my life.
Um left Oklahoma and went to Texas and stayed in Texas for about seven years.
Uh, and then I left Texas and then I discovered California and came out for vacation.
Uh, and then when I came off of vacation, I decided this is the place I wanted to be because I could actually fully express myself.
Be yourself.
Yeah, completely.
And you know, that was, you know, as a young, you know, lesbian coming out.
Not quite sure what all of that meant.
Um, but in San Francisco and Bay Area, I never won't forget uh one of my one of my mentors, her name is Sydney Weinstein and hairdresser in San Francisco, heterosexual woman, just that was, she took me to my first lesbian wedding.
And it was it was it was like one of the first things I knew when I came to town.
That was like 20 plus years ago.
Yeah.
This is before this legal, but it was really just love, right?
Iana, Anna and Ayana.
Never will forget it.
Walked into the room in this young lesbian from Oklahoma, hundred black, women of color.
I was like, where am I?
Oh my god, it must be like this, right?
Did you meet Bish?
No, not there.
I was the oldest.
She's 79.
Wow.
Okay, but I know some.
Yeah, I know some Lesbians.
Yeah.
But I that's another story for another time.
Yeah, definitely.
So it was it was that moment when I I was I felt whole.
I felt like the stereo types of what it was like being gay and lesbian was really just completely different for me.
Because this was like this was a body of women who had children and families and educators and personals and people who were doing their lives and fully engaged, right?
Um and then I left the wedding, I was like, okay, where are they?
Where can I find the people?
And it was that moment where I recognized that so many people in the community really chose not to come out or couldn't come out.
Because of their job or because of the children, or their own personal struggle about being out.
Um, but it was because of that.
I knew that I had to be out, not only for myself, but for those who couldn't come out.
I had to be a voice to say yes, we do have some strong, dynamic, beautiful black lesbians that are.
Uh, thank you.
And I, you know, I wanted to just note too about um Peggy that um even though we didn't cross many paths.
Actually, when I was running in the at-large race as the long shot candidate, lost to of course my colleague here on the dais, but um uh I had met up with Peggy, and uh she had actually offered to to help.
I was like, which is a rare quality in politics where you're helping the long-shot cap candidate, but she said you're a queer woman of color.
I want to help you, and that is the type of person that she was, was always extending the ladder behind her.
So um I just uh yeah, I think I think it's important to also just um note somebody's what what's at their heart.
Not only was she a giant, she had a giant heart.
Thank you, Councilmember.
I think you missed something.
You know where she shot that video at the Lake Shore Cafe, which is now Peach, District Two.
There we go.
Councilmember Houston.
Yes, I like to celebrate Peggy.
Me and Peggy go way back.
Um when she was working in um Home Depot in Emeryville when I was doing construction.
I went in there, met her.
She was a manager, and she embraced me from the jump.
You know, and every time I went in there, she took care of me.
She'd say, Can't go to special order desks, I got you.
I'll get in and out because it was real packed up, so I like to embrace her.
And when she ran for mayor, you know, when I ran for my first seat, she inspired me.
She told me some things.
She came out on my first when I did a tour about um illegal dumping.
I did Councilmember Brown, I did my first tour um through um on that 3.5 mile stretch on San Landro Boulevard, and Peggy came out, she showed up.
She went with me on the tour.
She said, Ken, this is horrendous, right?
So I just want to celebrate Preggy Moore.
Um, I never really told her, you know, how much she met or the things that she did for me to inspire me.
So that means just tell people, you know, just tell people, you know, when you see them.
John, what's up, man?
Just tell them.
I got love for you, right?
Just tell them because you never know when might be tomorrow.
You never know.
So I just want to celebrate Peggy.
Thank you.
Thank you, Councilmember Houston.
Council Member Ramatandra.
Thank you.
Um, several years ago, when I was for the first time ever vaguely contemplating running for office, I met Peggy at an LGBTQ political training from Equality California.
And she was one of the first people who gave me advice, real advice on running for office.
And I'll never remember the honesty about which she spoke about what can how campaigning can take a toll on you, your relationship, and thinking through what your values are and whether it's worth it, and it definitely can be.
So as one of the first people ever, specifically LGBTQ women who gave me advice.
I remember her words often to this day.
Um thank you, colleagues, for honoring her today.
Thank you.
I want to thank Council Member Ramachandra.
I mean, Councilmember Brown and Councilmember Wong for bringing this forward.
Had the pleasure of knowing Peggy for quite some time since I was a staffer working for Supervisor Keith Carson, and when she was working for uh Mayor Libby Shaff and Peggy ran a number of campaigns, was really active in the political scene, really active.
Um, and equality and uh cons always always always loved my conversations with Peggy.
She was full of joy, and uh I was very sad when she and Hope tragically lost their lives, but I I don't think of I don't think there's any uh more deserving people to rename this uh after Council Member Wong, or is that later?
All right.
Sorry, I forgot.
I was gonna say something pivoty after that clip, and then I got so sucked in that I forgot what I was gonna say.
Um, but the reason I do love that clip is because it was clear to me in watching it that Peggy was inspired by Oakland, and then Peggy would go on to inspire other Oaklanders, especially LGBTQ Oaklanders.
So uh that's why I thought it was important to share it at this this meeting.
Thanks.
All right, Councilmember Brown, then we'll go to public comment.
Excellent.
Um were we gonna hear from the mayor's office as well?
Councilmember Wong, were you able to confirm on the item?
They will not be saying, so I think we can move to public comment.
Okay, excellent, thank you.
Thank you.
Let's go to public comment.
As I call your name, please approach the podium.
Um, if you're here in person, if you're participating via Zoom, please raise your hand so I can easily identify you.
As usual, we'll start with those who are here in person in chambers.
Miss Olavala, Jean Hazard, and Isaac Cos Reed.
In any order, please approach the podium for item 5.1.
We got our pract commissioner here.
Thank you for that.
Uh recognition of my service.
But uh, I'm here to recognize Peggy Moore.
Uh such an icon.
When I saw it on the agenda, I thought apart from wanting to speak for Affordable Housing Month, I had to come out and honor her.
Seeing her in Lakeshore Cafe was kind of trippy because that's like where my family, where my boys grew up running into her with my mother-in-law all the time.
Um I knew and loved her uh at the risk of offending a current city staff member, um, who I don't see in the room any longer.
She was the first person I backed against an incumbent.
And I remember her uh uh kickoff celebration party was at Lake Merritt at the pergola where my wife and I started salsa by the lake, and she had us do a little dancing as part of the she had like an Afro-Cuban energy that that she carried forth in her own spirit in politics.
Um, you know, I wanted to say also worked with her as a public affairs professional.
She went into the private sector and she fought for her clients beautifully and in the same way that she fought for the people when she was in the public sector.
So may her memory not just inspire to be uh inspire us to be our best civic selves, but also may it be a reminder of how important safe, responsible driving and roads are to a civil society, I was probably one of the first persons who met Peggy when she came here.
Most folks don't realize, and we would do political strategies, and most folks don't realize she was supposed to run for the assembly, the same seat that Mia Banta has.
But then she decided instead to open up a consulting firm, and that's when she uh was a consultant for Libby Shaft's campaign.
It hurt me because I was ready to hit the ground for assembly race.
And it was sad what happened to her.
I was at Hope's and her wedding at the return.
I mean in the uh atrium, and came over to the place on Broadway for the reception.
But yeah, she had a good heart, good spirit, good person.
Y'all drain my energy when y'all start using that term a woman of color.
This this beautiful black woman was outstanding.
And her blackness should always stay in place.
So in the future, when you're dealing with black women, keep that perspective black in place.
And a woman of color, we are not women of color.
We are strong black women.
And the last thing is there are a lot of us there in this city.
Some of us are not getting out just to, I'm glad this sister is.
But I'm gonna bring up Latanya Simmons again.
And hope someday she will get her due respect in this in this chamber.
Thank you for your comments.
That concludes our public speakers for this item.
Thank you so much.
So we have a motion and a second.
I apologize.
I have a motion by Councilmember Brown.
The second is Wonk.
Um I stated on the record motion by Councilmember Brown, second and by Wong to move item uh to approve item 5.1 on roll, Councilmember Brown.
Aye.
Councilmember Fife is excuse, Councilmember Gaio.
Aye.
Houston.
I Ramachandran.
Aye.
Onger.
Aye.
Wong.
Aye.
Chair Jenkins.
Aye.
Item 5.1 is approved with seven eyes, one excuse.
That now takes us to item number S5.2.
I will read the item into record.
Item 5.2 is adopt a resolution approving the appointment of an annuity without a 180-day break in service where the appointment is necessary to fill a um critically needed position before 180 days have passed since the employee's retirement in accordance with the government code section one two one two two four and seven five two two point five six.
I have one speaker for this item.
ACA Baker.
Uh thank you.
And through the chair and the council, my name is Chuck Baker, Assistant City Administrator.
We are bringing this item forward uh to retain a retiring employee that is supporting critical and time-sensitive work with the Oakland Army base.
Uh John Manette has been working uh on this particular project exclusively for over 15 years, and so this ensures continuity during his transition into retirement.
While it's administrative in nature, Cowper's regulations require council approval.
And Brendan from our economic and workforce development department will provide additional detail.
Happy to answer any questions.
Good afternoon.
Brendan Moriarty, Director of Real Estate and Special Projects.
Um I'll be very quick with this one.
So John Minuta has uh worked for the city since uh 26 years ago, so 26 years of service here, most of the time working on the Oakland Army-based project.
He's currently a project manager too in the economic and workforce development department.
He is planning to retire as um in the coming days.
Um and we would like to hire him back as a retired annuitant.
It's a temporary part-time position.
It's a strategy we use in the administration when we need specialized skills performing work of a limited duration.
Um, it would be no more than fifth uh part-time, 50% uh full-time equivalent.
Um, so he would be supporting on uh helping to ensure that we meet our obligations under a quarter billion dollar state grant, um, ensuring that we're compliant with environmental regulations, ensuring continuity in real estate negotiations, such as for the Costco uh project, coordinating with agencies around a variety of complex projects, and then training other staff so that we can continue the work in the in the long term.
And and as um assistant city administrator Baker said, Calper's regulation simply requires an act um non-consent um to approve uh continuation of that service after retirement without a break.
So that's why we're here um to ensure uh no um um loss in continuity of operations here.
So that is it.
Available answer questions and uh thank you much very much for the time.
Thank you.
We wish him well in retirement.
Councilmember Houston uh turn your uh mic on councilmember guide will turn your mic on now test two one two yeah thank you uh I've known uh Mr.
Maneta for many many years certainly have known his work appreciated the work that is contributed to this uh city of Oakland uh and with that I'll make a motion to approve uh staff's recommendation thank you um I was gonna make a motion this passed unanimously out of the committee I chair finance and um I will second the motion thank you and do the chair I'd like to just share something with the staff I met John Manetta 24 years ago uh we worked together he saved the city hundreds of thousands of dollars when they had they were gonna be fined like $10,000 a day with the EPA and um that's what I have first started of as a um community based organization helping out the justice impact in unhouse and he actually hired us to actually do the swep and and and he saved the city hundreds of thousands of dollars and worked it out of that um that violations that they had with the EPA so he's a competent person I'm sad to lose him he's uh I love some Johnetta right so uh if he's listening John um I'm glad to keep you here and um keep doing the great work EAP is so part of your uh lexicon you can't stop saying it submit EPA yeah I was thinking about the AP yeah is they the same one so EPA thank you let's go to the public speakers Mr.
Sada Olabala like I said in finance committee I have no problem with this gentleman continuing his work I do have a tremendous problem with anything going on at the army base oakland army base is heavily contaminated with toxic substances including lead arsenic petroleum projects asbestos and other solvents these pollutants remain in the soil and remain in the groundwater causing significant environmental and public health concerns for the surrounding West Oakland community the site has required extensive remediation with remediation failures throughout with high levels of contamination still in place deem they it has been deemed that the parts of the site are too costly to develop for residential commercial or temporary shelter use but you ignoring that and you you do this a lot you ignore the best interests of health and safety to do things that are going to be financial beneficial in this city so the the man okay anything going on at West Oakland Army base is inappropriate and not safe thank you misses that conclude the public speakers that concludes our public speakers okay there was a motion by council member guy seconded by council member Ramachandron to approve item s point five s 5.2 on that um parole council member brown aye council member five is excused council member guy houston aye Ramachandron aye onger aye wong aye and chair gink item number s 5.2 is approved with seven eyes one excuse five that now takes us to item s 5.3 I will read the ordinance into record adopt an ordinance authorizing the borrowing of funds and the issuance and sale of the 2026 27 tax revenue anticipation notes in principal amount not to exceed 200 million dollars payable from revenues received for it accrue to the general fund of the city during the fiscal year 26 to 27 in approving a certain related matters I do have one speaker for this item all right good afternoon uh president Jenkins and council members um david jones with the treasury bureau uh before you this afternoon is the first reading of the ordinance providing for the borrowing of funds and the issuance and sale of the 26 27 notes payable from revenues received during the 2627 fiscal year in an amount not to exceed 200 million dollars uh the note will mature in less than 15 months and the city has done this successfully um over the years if you will uh the funds will be used to finance the temporary cash flow needs basically arising from fluctuations in monthly and tax receipts as well as including a prepayment of the city of uh oakland unfunded accrued liability uh which allows for the city to garner a 3.34 percent discount from CalPERS um the ordinance only approves for the borrowing of funds and we will be coming back next month for the second reading of this ordinance as well as a resolution approving the documents for the for the transaction and I'm available for any questions that you may have thank you see no question oh council member thank you just another statement this passed out of finance committee unanimously and I'm happy to make a motion got a motion and then council member guy you want to turn your mic on yeah I mean I he's going off there you go that's all again all right anyway so is this an ongoing practice every year where we do this type of borrowing that is correct that is correct and uh so when do we make we borrow the money when do we repay the money and approximately 15 months it basically is just to smooth out the fluctuations in your revenues throughout the course of the of the um of the fiscal year and this money will specifically the 2000 be used for what service your general fund you know operations essentially for the general fund yes that's operation not a specific activity or service no no just operations as well as potentially uh prefunding your CalPERS accrued liability contribution which would allow for us to receive a discount from uh from Cal Purst thank you all I'll second the motion thank you all right this goes to the public speakers Ms.
I found it interesting during the discussion period of this item in finance that nobody brought up that the arrangements are that the money would be repaid within one year not only be repaid using expected future revenue such as fees grants or taxes so it sounds like you might be looking for measure e money that's future money to be the source of how you repay this and now we're talking about measure e is strongly gonna fail thank God vote no on measure e please everybody uh but that was never discussed fiscally that should have been a point of clarification we have to pay this back in one year you brought it up Mr.
Gallo it wasn't brought up in committee and the actual identification of how we will pay this back in one year and the last question should have been if we don't pay it back in what year what are the consequences for not paying it back in one year do we have to give a council member up or what what is the consequences and a second.
There was a motion by council member Ramachandra and seconded by councilmember Gaio to approve this ordinance on introduction.
Council member brown.
Aye.
Council member Fife is excused.
Council member Gaio.
Aye.
Council member heuston.
Aye.
Council member Ramachandran.
Aye.
Council member unger aye council member wong.
Aye.
Chair Jenkins.
Motion passes with a vote of seven ayes.
One excused.
Councilmember Fife.
Moving to your consent calendar, which includes all of item six.
Starting with item six point one, approval of the draft minutes from the meeting of May 5th, 2026.
Item 6.2, a declaration of a local emergency due to the AIDS epidemic.
Item 6.3, a resolution renewing the declaration of medical cannabis health emergency.
Item 6.4, a declaration of a local emergency due to homelessness.
Item 6.5 is an ordinance for the easement at 260 Oak Street.
Item 6.6, an ordinance for adoption of a federally compliant flood plan.
Item 6.7 a re a resolution for SB 1313 for public water systems grant loans related to PFAS.
Item 6.8 a resolution for AB 1821 for the California Public Records Act.
Item 6.9 a resolution for SB 1314 for smoke shops.
Locations, hours of operation, and sale of nitrous oxide.
Item 6.10, a resolution for assembly bill 1738.
Item 6.11, a resolution for SB 1230, strengthening illegal dumping enforcement.12, a resolution in support of assembly bill 2310 for illegal dumping liability and enforcement.
Item 6.14, a resolution for AB 2351.
Item 6.15, a resolution celebration of May 2026 as Affordable Housing Month.
Item 6.16.
A resolution for support of assembly bill 1837.
Video imaging of parking of violations on public transit vehicles.
Item 6.17.
A resolution authorizing reimbursement reimbursement for council member Cobb.
Item 6.18, a resolution for Gary Pate, Gary Payton commemorative street renaming.
Item 6.19, a resolution for settlement for Madison Clark versus the City of Oakland.
Item 6.20, a resolution for national prescription opiate opiate.
A resolution for appointments of the commission on persons with disabilities.23, a resolution for fiscal year 26 to 27.
Landscaping and lighting assessment district.
Item 6.24, a resolution for HSIP 9, rectangular rapid flashing beacon project, construction contracts award.
Item 6.25.
A resolution for cooperative agreements for purchasing electrical equipment and accessories with Gay Bar Electric Company.
Item 6.26, a resolution regarding the illegal dumping expenditure plan.
Item 6.27, a resolution for Caltrans Community Cleanup and Employment Pathway Grant.
Item 6.28, a resolution for digital lift digital literacy training for older adults.
Item 6.29, a resolution for path sided program, acceptance of intergovernmental transfer award.
Item 6.30, a resolution for OFCY 24 through 25.
Final year in independent annual evaluation.
Item 6.31, a resolution for ceasefire lifeline contracts.
Item 6.32, a resolution for purchasing agreement with Bauer Compressors, and your final item 6.33, a resolution for purchase agreement with Ellen Curtis and Sun, and I believe staff has some amendments to item 6.6.
Hi, good afternoon.
Councilmember Jenkins, a member of the council.
Chief Building Official Cecilia Moila, I wanted to bring forth item 6.6 as the adoption of this floodplain ordinance as an emergency ordinance pursuant to city charter section 213.
Um it's necessary for the immediate preservation of public peace, health, and safety because failure to adopt FEMA compliant floodplain management regulations by May 25th would result in suspension of the City of Oakland's uh good standing with the national flood insurance program or the NFIP, thereby jeopardizing the availability of federal funding uh for our constituents and the eligibility for certain forms of federal disaster uh assistance in the event of a natural disaster or other flood-related events.
So immediate adoption is further necessary to ensure continued implementation of the updated floodplain management standards that protect life property and public infrastructure from flood hazards, and we would like to amend uh the ordinance to include this statement.
Um it's also important to know that uh the flood floodplain ordinance did pass with a four-zero vote at public works committee and a 7-1 vote at council's first reading.
Thank you.
Thank you.
We will also include an amendment to the ordinance with findings.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Any more through the chair.
If I could, I'd also ask the council to include in their approval of the consent calendar to continue item 6.5 to the June 2nd council meeting, which is the council meeting immediately following this meeting.
So the motion should include that we're going to continue item 6.5 to the following meeting and the amendments that staff read, correct?
All right, all right, no comments from my colleagues, then we'll go to public comment.
As I call your name, please approach the podium in any order.
As with practice, persons in chambers will be taken first.
Those on Zoom will be taken immediately after.
And please raise your hand on zoom so I can easily identify you, and those in chambers, please state your name and steps to the podium in any order.
Kevin Daly, Carla Guerrera, Dwayne Nelson, John Jones the third, Arthur Shanks, Mrs.
Ada Olabala.
Have you with multiple items for the maximum amount of time?
Mr.
Hazard, I have you with multiple items for the maximum amount of time.
Jason Dixon, Isaac Coss Reed, Annie Elaine Leadberry, Nima Link, Cecilia Wynne, Renee Hayes, Jesse Williams, in any order.
And again, if you're on Zoom, please raise your hand so I can easily identify you.
Hello.
Is this thing on?
I'm I'm speaking on the consent calendar today.
There are many items on the consent calendar, but before I speak on the particulars, there's some statistics that the council should know about days.
So there are 52 weeks in a given year, and 20 of those weeks approximately are council weeks.
Which means that there's about a 38% chance that any given week will be a council week.
Now there are 365 days in a year.
And there is a 1 in 7 chance that that day will be a Tuesday.
And there's a 1 in 365% chance that that will be a birthday.
So if we combine all of these statistics together, that there's a 14% chance that any birthday will be on a Tuesday, and a 38% chance that that Tuesday will happen to be a council day, multiplied by the point.
You can extend the time.
Thank you.
So I think it's important for the council to know that information on the consent calendar.
Today is Councilmember Rowena Brown's birthday.
Happy birthday.
Council member.
And I know she keeps it a secret, so she might be mad at me for doing this, but I have lit you a candle, which is Palo Santo.
So I don't know if you can blow this out from there.
You want to try?
Happy birthday, Councilmember.
Thank you, Nima.
Hello, Council, Lord Council members.
I'm here speaking on item 6.18 of the renaming of uh the commemorative plaque for Gary Payton.
Um I grew up in East Oakland.
Um I was able to spend some time with his father, Gary Payton Sr.
Um, he knew I wasn't much of a basketball player, so he mentored me off the court, right?
And Gary Payton is carrying on that legacy.
Um he expressed to me how he wants to revitalize uh basketball courts uh that aren't as attractive in Oakland, and it's uh it's just good that we uplifting uh community members that has poured into the community.
Um so thank you uh the to the Peyton family and uh council member uh no um uh it's just real important that um we uplift our community members um uh so yes, thank you to the the Peyton family.
Um, Jason Dixon, uh Zarek Payton, uh Brandon Payton, and the whole Peyton family.
Thank you.
Before you go, can you give me your name?
Arthur Shanks.
Okay, hey.
Whoa, whoa, whoa, how y'all doing?
How y'all doing?
Good afternoon.
My name is Cecilia W.
And I am here as a Hope and Justice Committee member with St.
Mary Center.
I am proud to be a member also with the East Bay Housing Associations.
East Bay Housing is a member-driven organization, convening and diverse coalition that advocates to produce, preserve, and protect affordability housing opportunities for low-income communities in the East Bay.
Our membership of over 400 individuals and organizations include groups, faith, institutions, and residents of affordable housing across Alameda and Counter Costa counties.
Thank you, Oakland City Council, for recognizing affordable housing month and affirming your commitment to affordability housing.
Good afternoon, good afternoon.
And Renee Hayes, also with St.
Mary's.
Community celebrations, days of action, panel discussions, housing workshops, community trainings, and more.
There are also grand openings and groundbreakings of new affordable housing communities that showcase and celebrate what is possible when community members, nonprofits, and local governments come together.
You can view a vis a list of events at ABPO.org/slash events.
Thank you.
Hi, my name is Jesse Williams.
I'm also representing St.
Mary's Center here in Oakland.
The goal of Affordable Housing Month is to lift and up and up the center, lift up the center of those and center of those affected by housing crisis.
This month, we call attention to the housing affordability crisis, lift up solutions, celebrate our achievements, invite all community members to join us in our movement.
As we continue this work, we are reminded that real change only happens when communities come together to prevent and advocate for one another.
We can keep each other safe and housed, but only if we work together and remain committed to a vision of a racially and economically just East Bay, where everyone has access to safe, stable, and affordable housing.
On behalf of St.
Mary's Center and East Bay Housing Organization, I thank you very much for this honor, and we hope to see you soon at one.
Hello.
And I'm with the East Bay Asian Local Development Corporation.
Thank you so much to City Council for your support and leading a strong affordable housing culture here in Oakland.
Thank you so much to HCD staff and OHA staff for their hard work in collaborating with Abalty this year.
We've been able to work on four affordable housing new construction projects with the city this year.
That includes Sun Lake at the Phoenix, Clara E.
Chan residence at Chinatown Bart, and 34th and San Pablo apartments.
Avalzi is proud to be an anchor partner on meeting the affordable housing needs of Oaklanders for the last 50 years and is excited to be leading 15% of Oakland's current construction and pre-development in the pipeline.
Thank you so much to all of our partners and all of the residents helping to advocate for affordable housing and stability.
Thank you so much.
Good afternoon.
For the record, John Jones III here to speak in support of item 6.18.
Before I speak, I just want to do a moment, a quick moment of silence for all the loved ones and family members who was impacted by the horrible tragedy on Eddie Fifth.
And on behalf of my family, I want to just give a special shout out to OG Frog from Eddie Fifth.
My uncle OG Ben is from Eddy Fifth.
And when my uncle passed away a couple months ago, Frog came to the funeral and spoke on his behalf.
East Oakland is hurting right now, so I just want to ask all of us to really focus prayers of healing and mercy for our community.
And with that being said, this commemoration for Gary Payton.
I love the fact that it's occurring on the same birthday as El Hajman Ligel Shabbaz, aka Malcolm X.
I see Davis referred to Malcolm X as our Prince, a shining black prince.
And I think so were those words are also can and most certainly apply to the one.
Um, thank you for bringing this resolution forward and recognizing this important moment.
And more importantly, thank you to all of the council for investing in affordable housing and good policies that are driving down costs, cost of homeownership is down in Oakland.
I know that's not good news for everybody, but it is certainly good news for affordability.
And also, I can't believe we made it this far in the meeting without noting the huge success that was realized today of a 20% reduction in the point account for homelessness in the city.
So kudos to staff for um all their work, Emily Weinstein and her team.
They've truly been delivering on the promise of affordable housing in this city.
I'm lucky enough to work with Ebaltsey uh that spoke earlier.
Um, and we'd like to reiterate our invitation to their groundbreaking and night market next Friday at the 34th in San Pablo project.
It's gonna be beautiful.
Hope to see you there.
Ums Brown, you are so blessed to be born on Malcolm's birthday as well as the fact that you've been gifted with so many talented.
Happy birthday, Malcolm.
Okay, so I would hope at some point staff would be instructed related to items 6.6.
You have to do something about bringing items for which they are time constraints that you have to immediately move on something.
Make sure that staff is instructed to do everything in a timely manner.
That tree notice of violation took three years for them to give a notice of violation.
Uh item six uh six point one nine, the lawsuit, department of transportation.
I keep asking you when are you going to bring a discussion to the table about the number of lawsuits that are being in court relating to the Department of Transportation, mostly around potholes.
We have to have that discussion and stop these lawsuits.
Uh item 6.25, cooperative agreement.
Do y'all understand this is a cooperative agreement from the city of Kansas City, Missouri?
What does that mean, council members?
You're gonna approve it, rubber stamp it.
Do you understand what that means?
A cooperative agreement.
S6.26 illegal dumping plan.
Like I said in committee, we have a culture of disrespect related to illegal dumping going on.
That culture has to change and it won't change anytime soon.
All of these initiatives we're gonna be being repeating, picking up trash, because people do not respect the cleanliness of this city.
Item 6.27 grant for youth employment.
We got 2.1 million dollars for our youth employment summer program to be expanded past the summer.
But we got these young people picking up litter, cleaning up uh graffiti and abatement.
We got to find better ways to have our children engaged.
We have a lot of children, a lot of problems with our youth, and we got to give them some opportunities to have activities of substance.
6.28, the literacy training for older adults, uh, our senior centers all open up, Mr.
Houston.
They all open now.
Good.
Uh 6.29.
Uh nonprofits.
Uh that is that is an item involving nonprofits, the Lau family and the Spanish-speaking unity council is getting rich off of the city of Oakland.
You give them too much money.
6.31 ceasefire life strategy.
I have asked you and over and over, present the data of effectiveness of ceasefire.
Have not seen it.
That's the last one.
My name is Dwayne Nelson.
District 3 West Oakland resident, proud supporter of the Arsenal Football Club, presumptive champions of the English Premier League for the first time in 23 years.
I rise in opposition to uh item 6.26, the 1.1 million dollar spend on the uh legal dumping.
Uh, the mayor, last night, council member wong, uh, talked about how the budget reflects our values and commitment to transparency, but I don't feel like we're getting that from public works here.
Now you're about to bypass the procurement process, but we don't have any KPIs.
What's going on with that?
Why are you gonna allow them to do that?
And also, they said they're ready to execute right away.
If they're ready to execute right away, why do we have to wait a year before we get a report?
I don't understand why this council isn't exercising their oversight.
I don't think the urgency is about spending the money, it's out on those streets, the same streets that you're on Monday through Sunday picking up trash.
I want to see urgency around the outcome here, not on spending the money.
You need more frequent reporting, and you need to see those KPIs.
You thank you one second.
I need a council member to come to the dais.
I need one council member to come to the dais.
So we do not have a quorum.
We need to wait.
We cannot continue this meeting.
Oh, there we go.
No, he finished.
He finished.
Thank you.
If your name was called and you wish to speak, please approach the podium.
Good evening.
Uh, much respect to the president.
And uh, I've been in communication with item 61.18 with uh Mr.
Noel and uh Rosa and uh just appreciate the council creating this platform for us to speak weekly, and cheers to everybody here out of all the places we can be.
We're here uh trying to make Oakland a better place.
But um Oakland has a lot to be proud of too.
Uh specifically this item I'm speaking on, but we're doing a lot of good things in Oakland, it's not just things we need to fix.
So I just wanted to say that.
But yeah, cheers to everyone here.
Let's make sure we keep appreciating uh the things we're doing good and the things we can work on as well.
But uh yeah, I'm here um speaking on behalf of um Gary Payton.
I appreciate the city council, the mayor's office, everybody involved, Mr.
Jones, Mr.
R.
Shanks, and uh appreciate all your time, your effort.
And uh we're basically here to uh, as they already spoke, and considering honoring Gary Payton, the legend, Gary Payton, the glove, with the street naming.
This means a lot personally to me because the Peyton family helped shape my life.
Gary's uh father helped guide me at a young age when I uh became a father at an early age.
He uh he helped me and uh I passed on a blessing to the community.
Like he uh helped me uh coach me in basketball and uh helped me through mentorship and discipline in the community and uh with my time is that can you give me your name, please?
Thank you all right.
I'm getting tired of this council and you, Mr.
Dickens violating the rules.
This is the transcript from April 14th, 2026, on the protected tree ordinance, and I got it on May 5th.
I handed out to you the following look at it, Guile.
I tried to tell you don't do a motion for uh reconsideration at that May 5th meeting, but you want to rush back in here and listen to the lies from the city attorney.
April 14th, that matter died.
Casa didn't have President Jenkins, a majority vote.
The mayor refused to break the tie.
Let me tell you what the legal opinion of two previous city attorneys.
The core legal consensus under both John Russo, City Attorney, 2000 to 2011, and Barbara Parker, 2011 to 233.
It's dictated by the Oakland City Charter, the definitive legal posture on what happens during a tie vote when the mayor declines to break its uh break it.
Core legal mechanism.
If the mayor declines, the item fails under both Russo and Barbara Parker.
The legal opinions of the city attorney have consistently maintained a bedrock principle of municipal law.
Get it.
And uh parliamentarian want to listen because you have to clarify what I'm saying.
A tie vote means there's no majority of permanent vote.
Therefore, the motion legislation fails.
Russo's opinion reinforced that with council members split evenly.
The item is effectively frozen without a majority.
If the mayor does not step in to provide the fifth vote, the item cannot legally pass.
So what you did, and there's no such thing for your edification, Mr.
Guile.
There's no such thing as a motion for reconsideration.
But you with the city attorney said to you, I tried to warn you in the bathroom, and I was going to out you when you got in here.
It's illegal.
So how do you correct it?
You got a cue and correct under the law.
Government code 54954 prohibits motion for reconsideration without agenda.
You didn't even agendize May 5th.
It has to be agendized.
Thank you, Mr.
Hazard.
Well, can you address it in open forum?
Mr.
Hazard.
Can you address it in open forum, please?
In open forum.
Your time is up.
You can now move this minute.
Thank you.
Thank you, Mr.
Thank you, Mr.
City Clerk has no idea.
Mr.
Hazard.
You're violent.
You're violating the Brown Act, or Mr.
Bayer.
You're violating the Brown Act.
You're violating the Brown Act, Mr.
Hazard.
Mr.
Hazard, open forum.
Mr.
Parliament chairs.
Mr.
Hazard.
You can not approve the minute in his passage.
Thank you, Mr.
Hazard.
You'd be back for open forum.
That's okay.
Okay.
Kevin Daly, are you in the chair?
Don't vote for James.
In the chamber.
Thank you.
Thank you, Mr.
Hazard.
The Zoom speaker, Miss Guerrera.
Please unmute yourself and begin your comments.
I have you with one card for item 6.15.
Thank you.
Good afternoon, Council members.
My name is Carla Guerra.
I am the policy and advocacy senior manager at the Unity Council, and I'm speaking in support of IM 615, Affordable Housing Month.
On behalf of the Unity Council, we wish Council Member Brown a happy birthday.
And we also want to thank you all for bringing forward this resolution for acknowledging the collective work happening across Oakland to build, protect, and preserve affordable housing.
This Fest Friday, we celebrated the exciting groundbreaking of 2700 International Boulevard development that's uh very beautiful and it's 75 units.
Uh multifamily affordable housing uh development with 22 units set aside for formerly homeless veterans.
This was only possible because of measure you funds and your support across our portfolio.
The Unity Council currently has 408 affordable units under management, 589 units built and preserved and 607 units in the pipeline.
We look forward to many more years of building affordable homes together.
Thank you.
Thank you for your comments, Kevin Daly.
I do not see him in the chamber or on Zoom.
That was your last speaker.
I'll entertain a motion.
Excellent.
Um, thank you so much.
If you would like Council President Jenkins, if you want to put time on the clock, because I'm going to be speaking to a number of the uh items.
So to start off with the items that we are supporting from our state legislators, um SB 1314 for the smoke shops, um, both of the legislation around illegal dumping, as well as the affordable housing bond, which is SB 417, um, also assemblymember Bonta's AB 2351 around the shelter bedrancy act.
We know that this is super important to ensure accountability and also that there's data to help address um homelessness in our city and getting and getting the accurate data.
Um I do want to shout out the recent results of the point in time count where the city of Oakland showed a 20% reduction in homelessness.
Um, and I think that that is absolutely um amazing.
Um, earlier uh before the council meeting, I had the opportunity to connect with um a handful of our community organizations that are supporting uh the work of building more affordable housing, as well as our amazing city staff from HCD uh during uh affordable housing month.
And so, as the chair of community and economic development, uh it is um the tradition to ensure that we are recognizing May as Affordable Housing Month.
We know that this is so crucial, giving all given all of the federal cuts that are taking place um in social services, rental assistance, grants to support with affordable housing.
Um I did want to just shout out that at the next CED meeting on May the 26th, we will uh have a handful of items coming um to uh report back on the City of Oakland's annual regional housing needs allocation, receiving different uh various data as well as a report from the Oakland Housing Authority as well.
And so I just wanted to give a huge shout out to all the organizations and community members and all of the great work of so many of our providers working to build more affordable housing in our city.
And then lastly, I did want to thank city staff uh as well as my council colleagues that were on the council budget committee uh for the allocations to help support the illegal dumping expenditure action plan, and we know that these investments will definitely help uh mitigate the impacts of illegal dumping in our communities, and so that's item 6.26, um, all of which um I'm a hundred percent in in support of, and so I'll make that motion to move the consent calendar as amended as amended, all right.
Councilmember Houston.
Through the chair before council member Houston begins, just including that that amendment includes this item 6.5 continue to the next council meeting, which I believe is June 2nd and item 6.6 as amended in an emergency ordinance.
Councilmember Houston, then Councilmember Geiger.
Um, through the chair, I really don't know where to start.
So a bunch of things that I like to address on here.
I want to just piggyback on my council member Brown's agree with what she's saying.
Um a tragedy happened in my district um on 85th.
Um, it's tragic.
It's tragic.
Um individuals ran down, it's still under investigation.
I'd like to um close this meeting, mentioning the deceased and the ones that were injured.
And it's maybe a couple that I won't say because I'm not sure if their family knows the condition.
But Robert Dixon called him frog.
He was from 85th.
And I got a call at one, 123 on Sunday, May the 17th in the morning.
And they said, Ken, where are you?
And I went out there and it was just tragic, right?
And I thought it was the frog from 11.5.
You know, it's two frogs.
There's one from 11.5 and there's one from 85th.
And I thought it was that one, but it wasn't.
But this is just a tragic situation.
So I wanted to end the meeting with saying the individuals that were deceased.
Maybe this might be more appropriate for item number seven, right?
When we have announcements and adjournments.
Yes.
Yes.
So I wanted to talk about some other things.
Okay.
But I'll bring that up.
I'll bring that on under seven.
I wanted to talk about on the street warming, or it's really the flashing beacon on S6.24.
Um, when you think about it, since 117, 2020, Misha Singleton was um ran over on 98th.
And then um 517 2023, you had Carlos ran over on 98th.
This is all in my district.
My district's been suffering, right?
And I just I appreciate all my council members understanding what's happening in my district to embrace it.
And then on uh 4.1, um, Lewis was ran over.
I wanted to mention Misha.
She was she was killed.
She had seven kids on 98th.
Yeah.
So this is somebody that I um, that I knew personally that I did work with in the community at Stonehurst Elementary School, right, with the legal dumping.
She was a straight advocate, and she left behind seven children.
My community has been suffering, right?
And then at one o'clock, these individuals was ran down.
It's a lot more to it, but I just want to tell everybody that's out here that's listening, let's just wait until the investigation is over before we make some um some moves or some decisions on what we're gonna do because this can be very, very dangerous in a critical situation with the things that are happening.
But what I'm saying is just wait.
Just wait until the police do what they have to do to investigate.
Um, and on the illegal dumping pieces like 6.11, 6.12 that my colleague was talking about.
Um, these these issues, and I'm gonna say it again.
My community's been suffering, right?
These some of these penalties is too light.
I'm gonna go with it, and I endorsed them, right?
I'm gonna go with them, but some of these penalties is $500, $1,000.
They've been dumping hazardous contaminated materials in my community for decades, right?
People need to be prosecuted.
People need to go to jail, right?
Because it's been happening to my people.
My mother's black, my father's Latino.
I touch both worlds, and that's I touched both worlds, and they've been impacted on a whole nother level.
District 7.
Councilmember Wayne, impacted on levels where they drop off obestus, things that the dump won't take.
So think about this.
Things that the dump won't take, that it would take a special permit to go, dump it, they dump it in my community where my seniors and my babies are.
Let me tell you something.
People better be glad I'm a council member because what it's doing is it's pulling me back from how I would really act.
Because I gotta behave myself a lot a lot more.
So let me say this.
These people that are dumping on my community, the support, the new DA, the DA that's in place, because she's gonna prosecute.
She's gonna prosecute, right?
And what we need to do was some money put to the side through the budget, because I only had three small things that I wanted in my budget.
It was about public safety, homelessness, and um the EEOs.
The EEOs are the individuals that actually collect the the data, collect the dish, right?
They need to be safe too.
And if you don't have the right information and they don't collect the right data, how can you prosecute these fools that's dumping in my community?
So my thing is this that money that was put to the side in the last budget, and I know council member Brown heard because she had mentioned something about it.
I want to find out how our EEOs are going to be trained to collect the data.
Say, for instance, somebody go to the block and they shoot, right?
They're not just gonna sweep up the bullets, they're gonna collect them, right?
So what we're doing is we just collect, we just cleaning up trash that's dumped in our community instead of logging it in so we can prosecute these fools that's dumping in my community.
Because my community's fed up.
People ready to stand up on a whole nother level because they ain't gonna keep doing this now that I'm elected.
My fat I'm from a different fabric.
People don't understand where what what trickles through my bloodline, right?
So I'm from a different fabric, and I'm tired of my babies and my community being dumped on.
So these things, these fines is way too light.
But I supported it because we gotta start somewhere.
But what here's my last point.
We need to stop clean up, clean up, clean up, clean up, cleanup is not working.
It has not worked, it has not worked.
Councilmember Guile goes out every day, every week on cleaning up, which should be applauded.
But we're not a cleanup service.
We need to deter this problem and prosecute these fools that's dumping in my community.
Or we're gonna have to do something else to these fools.
And let me say this to you it's not only a public health and safety issue on the people that have to clean it up, other people have to live amongst it.
It's another public health and safety issue for the people that report it because this individuals that reported it that they got guns pulled on them, pull a gun on me.
I shoot back.
Um, council member, I think you've exceeded your time.
Did you want to add wrap up?
Okay, all right.
You want to right?
You want to wrap it up?
To say that uh I'm I'm gonna support these these things, but we're being a little bit too soft.
We need to be harder because it's a it's proof.
I've been in this game for 20 something years, and it has not changed but got worse.
So we must do something different, President.
That's all I'm saying.
Thank you.
Is that a second?
All right.
So we have a oh council member.
Thank you.
You know, council member Houston brought up a good point on item um S 6.26, which I support, and I'm really glad that we're going to have a thoughtful expenditure plan moving forward, but I do want to uplift what he said about the positions that were put in in the past budget.
So when we're thinking about expenditure, what about the environmental environment officers that we put in there?
What about I'm looking at the budget amendments right now?
Unfreeze two EEOs for illegal dumping enforcement, um, add funds for technology improvements to a desk illegal dumping, eight hundred and fifty thousand dollars.
OM for environmental officer training, um, OM for environmental crime data collection, public information officer, Oakland Proud illegal dumping education campaign, unfreeze a painter for graffiti abatement.
These are things that are budgeted.
So we think about expenditures, where if if these positions haven't been hired, where is that money?
And so I hope that they're going if they're not going to these positions but haven't which haven't been hired that they're going somewhere related to illegal dumping, but as we think about dumping illegal dumping expenditures, I would like to understand, not today, because it's not a this is not here, but where's the money that's already been expended that we've already put in the budget around these matters?
And I I'm grateful to Councilman Brown and Houston for uplifting what we put in the budget, but we only have the power to put items in the budget, not control what happens to it once it once it's there.
So I I know that there's they're thoughtful leaders in all of these departments, and I want to I wish I I hope that there's more transparency moving forward.
Councilmember Gaio.
Turn this mic on.
Am I on testing one, two, three?
All right, thank you.
Uh thank you for that information.
Uh I'm not gonna get into the illegal dumping right now, but but if you have a recommendation, I can give you one that but you know you gotta understand.
Okay, San Leandro.
City next door, they're allowed to go once a month to waste management and dump their trash, like other cities do.
Why can't Oakland do that?
Why?
And I've been recommending we do that, right?
As opposed to going down to to the uh public works yard, having people stand there over time whole day waiting for people to come drump their trash, then they gotta take it a waste management.
But San Leandro, I was there Saturday unloading our trucks, long line of cars, and I could say, where are they from?
Oh, they're all from San Leandro bringing their trash and unloading it free.
And why can't Oakland do the same thing?
You know, members of the council, come on, let's why can't we do that here as they do in other cities?
But I want to take take my two minutes and recognize Gary Payton uh as we celebrate and not only his contributions, but for those of you that don't, I see a lot of young people that don't know Oakland in the past.
Oakland at one time was the fifth largest market in the country for recruiting professional athletes, the fifth largest market in the country for recruiting professional athletes from basketball, football, baseball, and so forth.
And uh you would see them at our high schools a lot recruiting uh a lot of our youngsters that were graduating from Oakland High, Fremont, McClyman's, and so forth.
As an example, you have Marshawn Lynch, uh Gary Payton, uh Damian uh Lillard is still playing, Ricky Henderson, Jason Kidd, you're still coaching, you know, Brian Shaw, Bill Russell, uh Paul Pierce, um Dave Stewart that I played baseball with in high school, uh Hall of Famer, uh Kurt Floyd, and many others that came out of Oakland, and I just want to thank the family.
Uh Gary Payton Jr.
is playing for the Golden State Warriors still, and I'm sure he'll be present in our dedication with some other uh warrior athletes.
But I want to publicly thank Gary Payton for his con contribution.
I know there's a couple of schools in East Oakland where he's contributed to the basketball court.
Uh he came out of Jefferson Elementary School, his mother taught her Jefferson Elementary School.
And uh, but uh on June 18th, for those of you that are interested in joining us, please come out and celebrate and recognize his contribution, because not only you know our schools in in East Oakland, but there's other elementary schools where um the Golden State Warriors, Jason Kidd and many others have contributed for his development.
But I want to thank the family uh of Gary Payton for joining us, and certainly it's an honor to recognize uh his leadership contributions, and um I've already received uh from Dave Stewart and other professional athletes that want to join you, and uh it's an honor to have you and thank you so much.
And um and I'll second the motion on the items.
All right, thank you, Councilmember Gaio.
Um councilmember oh, you already seconded Council Member Houston already second.
Councilmember Wong.
Since we're all weighing in here, um, I just wanted to talk about that.
I I think in the upcoming budget process, we have an opportunity.
I I think we need um at least one full-time OPD officer that's dedicated to illegal dumping and graffiti vandalism.
I've been engaged in this uphill battle with our city staff on to get to have somebody to give a crap about the graffiti problem.
So this is related to item 6.12, right?
Absolutely.
Yes, it is.
So um, but uh yeah, I just and the other thing that was noted in the auditor's report, right?
Is that when their team had notified OPD, nobody actually bothered to file, you know, actually investigate the crime of an of illegal dumping.
So we need to dedicate some resources, and on top of that, the other problem is the DA then even take up the case.
So we have multiple issues to solve, but we I think as a body need to start really be unified in pressuring both the DA and our own police department to make some changes because it's these quality of life crimes that continue to contribute to the fact that people do not feel safe and they do not feel like it's a clean city, and like we don't have basic pride in the city of Oakland when we allow this to happen.
Thank you, Councilmember.
So we have a motion and second.
I believe that's going on in Houston.
Yes, we have a motion by Councilmember Brown, second by council member Houston to approve the consent calendar, which also includes continuing item 6.5 to the next council meeting of June 2nd, and with item 6.6 as amended and as an emergency ordinance.
Councilmember Brown.
Aye.
Councilmember Fife is excused, Councilmember Guyo.
Aye.
Council Member Houston.
Aye.
Council Member Ramachandran.
Aye.
Councilmember Unger.
Aye.
Council Member Wong.
Aye.
And Chair Jenkins.
Aye.
Motion passes with a vote of seven ayes.
That concludes all your action items.
Moving to item seven, which is council acknowledgements and announcements.
Yes.
Uh so in addition to uh the victims that tragically lost their lives on 85th Avenue this weekend when I joined this meeting in memory of Wilson Rowles Jr., um former council member uh who departed and former police commissioner who did uh wonderful work for the city of Oakland while he was here.
Uh I also want to say happy birthday to Kevin Garnett, Malcolm X, and my council member, Councilmember Brown.
Thank you.
Um happy birthday, Councilmember Brown.
Happy AAPI Heritage Month, happy women's health month.
Um and I, in addition to all of the names mentioned, I wanted to also adjourn in the memory of Christopher Buckley, who just succumbed to a battle with cancer.
He's a former arborist for the city of Oakland who spent his time um really committing to the cause of supporting and uplifting Oakland trees, including um for many years after he retired.
Um he continued to work tirelessly to beautify the city of Oakland and balance it with historic preservation, public green space, and the importance of well-maintained street trees.
He personally donated and planted and cared with his own hands for thousands of Oakland trees.
Um, and yes, thank you.
Thank you.
Councilmember Houston.
So through the chair, I want to say happy birthday, Councilmember Brown, happy birthday.
Um, and in the memories and of the injured, the deceased and the injured, um, Robert Dixon Frog, 85th, forever, um, Charles Blackman, deceased, um, Sylvester Patterson and injured uh Dashawn and Gabriela.
I'm gonna go call Gabriella and it's another one that I'm not gonna mention because I'm not sure if family knows, but I want to end the meeting and for the deceased and the injured in my district.
Thank you, Councilmember.
Let's go to Oakman Forum.
As a carry name, please approach the podium in any order.
Please state your name for the record before beginning.
If you are on Zoom, please raise your hand so I can easily identify you.
You will have one minute to address the council.
Kevin Daly, Miss Asada Olabala, Mr.
Hazard, Sylvia Guzman, Cynthia Rodriguez, Jacqueline Guillen, Daniela Lopez, Asuena, Serrano Hernandez, Alicia Pablo, Jason, Chalez, Brianna Ramirez, Bruce Condi, Linda Wade, Fick P.
Fiomo, Alberto Para, Thomas Abird, Mark Robles, Renee Moon, Lacretia Flemings, Melvin Calamy, Gudelia Cruz Hernandez, Mary Leckett, Kathy Harris, Sharon Green Pace.
I think this is a duplicate.
Kathy Harris, Cora Clark, Isabel Ruiz, Michelle Washington, Greg Slayer, excuse me, Greg Slaughter and Crystal Harding.
So it's real clear.
The government code and the government code 54960.
Actions taken in violation of key open meeting laws are avoidable by the courts.
City must expressly, and this is, you all know this now.
You have to cure and correct May 5th, 2026 public hearing.
President Jacks vote no on Jenkins, vote no on uh measuree.
Uh the minutes are an accurate record of what actually happened, not a declaration of whether what happened was legal.
May 5th was legal, illegal, guile.
Open your mouth.
Get a uh legal opinion from the city attorney.
I gave you the illegal opinion from uh Russo and Barker.
May 14th was April 14th was fail.
Thank you, Mr.
Hazard.
Your time is up.
Open your an effect of voice, not just a channel.
Good afternoon, council members.
My name is Silvia Guzmán.
I'm a healthy housing champion with La Clinica de la Rasa.
I live, work, and play out of East Oakland.
I'm a mother of three and recently a grandmother to one.
When my youngest children were born, they were born into a building that was infested with lead.
Lucky we were able to move out.
To here, I'm here to talk to you about proactive rental inspections.
Many of the families that grew up with my children are now parents themselves, like my eldest.
Most of these families continue to live there being impacted by the conditions in the outside.
If you walk by that building, it's now falling from the outside in.
It's literally falling, and you can see that.
I'm here to ask you for proactive rental inspections.
As council members, you have the power to help prevent children from being exposed to lead before it causes irreversible harms.
Unfortunately, I see this in those neighbors.
Today I'm here to ask that you have the power to create these policies and give priority to prevent and good afternoon, City Council members.
My name is Cynthia Rodriguez.
I'm an Oakland resident, and I'm also a youth break coordinator for La Clinica Healthy Homes Initiative, where we work to address the ongoing issue of lead exposure in Oakland.
So throughout this school year, our youth have had the opportunity to learn about the dangers of lead and how deeply this issue impacts our communities.
They have worked hard to raise awareness, educate the community, and advocate for the health and safety of their families, their friends, and community members.
Today we come before you in hope and urgency.
We ask that the lead settlement funds be used to strengthen and expand the lead abatement and practical rental inspection program so that more families can live in safe and healthier homes.
Thank you for your time.
Good morning.
I mean, good afternoon, City Council.
My name is Daniela Lopez.
I am an 18-year-old senior in high school and a resident of Oakland.
I am part of Casa Che in collaboration with Healthy Homes Initiative to support healthier and safer communities for youth and families.
Throughout this program, I've learned more of civic engagement and how important it is for you, young people to speak up about issues affecting our community.
Today we are here to talk about our policy campaign focused on lead exposure and the importance of lead abatement programs.
With the support of Casa Che, we are here advocating in support of using the city's led settlement funds to start an equitable led abatement program and proactive rental inspection program.
These policies are important to me because they help create safer homes, healthier communities, and better opportunities for children to grow and succeed.
Thank you for your time.
Good afternoon.
I'm a senior in high school, and I am a member, and I'm here today as a member of the Youth Bridge Program at Casa Chet in collaboration with the Healthy Homes Initiative.
Today I want to bring attention to a problem our community faces on a daily basis: lead contamination in houses.
Lead contamination has been a serious problem in Oakland for almost half a century now.
In a report done by KQED, it was reported that 83% of rental houses in Oakland are lead contaminated.
Many of these houses are occupied by immigrant families who are often unaware of the dangers that are being exposed to, leaving them at a great disadvantage and at risk of the Palippine health conditions that are in life.
And even if the families are aware of the dangers that are being often exposed to, they are often unable to speak up and advocate for themselves due to factors such as language barriers, immigration status, and economic insecurity.
So I come here today as to ask for your support, the city plans to use the lead settlement funds to create an equitable lead abatement program supported by this.
Families should not have to worry about whether their water or homes are safe.
As a student, I believe every child deserves a healthy and safe environment where they can learn and grow without being harmed by something preventable.
Our community needs more awareness, safer housing conditions, and action from local leaders to help protect families from lead exposure.
If we work together as a community, good afternoon, council members.
My name is Jacqueline Guian.
I am 16 years old and I am currently a junior at Cristo Rey de La Salle.
I am a part of La Clinica's Healthy Homes initiative, working to address the issue of lead in homes and protect families in our community.
Lead poisoning is a serious issue because it can affect children's brain development, behavior, growth, and ability to learn and concentrate.
This issue matters deeply to me because many families in Oakland, especially in the Fruitville area, live in older homes where lead paint is still a danger.
Many families may not even realize their homes contain lead hazards, and their children should not have to grow up in unsafe environments that can harm their health in future.
As young people, we care about creating safer and healthier communities for for future generations.
That is why we are asking for continued investments in lead prevention programs, home inspections, and resources for families affected by lead exposure.
Thank you for your time.
Hello, everyone.
My name is Alicia Paulo.
I'm a senior at CCPA.
Today I'm here on behalf of Healthy Housing Initiative with La Clinica.
In Oakland, there are many challenges we face, one of them being lead poisoning.
Today we are seeing the impacts it has on children, and no one is doing anything about it.
Those who are exposed to lead have many health problems, like cognitive, emotional, physical development that could be long term.
As a teen living in Oakland, specifically East Oakland, I have seen the impacts of lead firsthand.
My little sister who is seven years old was exposed to lead in a house she would spend time in.
She began having stomach pain.
This was the start of her suffering.
We began looking for answers, and it wasn't until she got tested that we found her pain was due to lead poisoning.
No child should have to go through this.
Luckily, she was taken care of.
But imagine how many children in Oakland are currently experiencing these same health issues, and no one is doing anything about it.
This is why I am here to advocate for those who can't be here today.
I want you to know that I'm advocating not only for my sister, but for the future of other children.
Can you tell me what they're going to do about it?
Anybody, I guess.
Uh Jen Houston is my counsel number.
Yeah, we'll make sure that you guys get updates.
Okay, great.
Thank you.
Good evening, everyone.
Good evening.
My name is Crystal Harding.
I'm representing All Children Thrive, Cal California and the Haven's Court Safe Homes Initiative.
Shout out to those youth that just spoke.
Give it up for them.
That's what I'm talking about.
Act is a community-led movement transforming how cities address childhood trauma, bringing together residents, city staff, and elected officials to co-design policies and programs that foster child and family well-being.
Communities of color in East and West Oakland, including Haven's Court, are among the most at risk for childhood lead poisoning in the entire state.
Fruitvale had higher lead poisoning rates than Flint, Michigan at the height of its water crisis.
We know that it has some permanent harm and damages.
And Oakland has over 14 million from the 2019 legal settlement with the paint companies.
We want you to take action and move this money forward.
Invest in the Equitable Lead Hazard Abandonment Program and the Proactive Rental Inspection.
We thank you for your time.
Thank you.
I just want to uh encourage African American black people, take an opportunity to embrace yourself and talk about what's going on with us.
We're so open-hearted, we're always talking about everybody, but concentrate on us.
Nothing wrong with that.
I am concerned about the West Oakland Senior Center.
I just got a text that is still not open.
I'm gonna say vote no on measure E.
And we have an important decision to make in this city, and I want to address it right now.
We have to appoint a police chief.
And I am in a position, my position is it can't come from a person from within the Oakland police department.
That culture of the police department is well protected.
Somebody's gotta come in here and change the culture and be willing to make a difference, and it's not gonna happen when anybody that's already in that police department.
When they came here and gave a report and said that no longer do we have racial profiling in the Oakland police department.
I talked to you earlier today, President Jenkins.
Okay, I want to do what I need to do right now.
I need to ask you to stand.
I need to ask Councilmember Brown.
Can she please stand?
You know I'm coming at you, Councilmember Houston.
I need you to stand.
Okay.
This is what I want to tell you guys.
To me personally, you guys are the dream team for Oakland Station.
The reason why I say that, Councilman Brown, when you came there, you left a grown man in tears because he you listened to him.
He felt real good when you did that.
Okay, and I thank you, and he thanks you.
President Jenkins, when you came on the Saturday, I gotta call 8 30 Sunday morning to get my butt over to Oakland Station because you came there with a team.
And one of the team members you came with is sitting over here.
And I want to do this in front of your colleagues, uh, Mr.
Houston.
Like I owe you an apologies for the things I said in the past, because after the conversation that me and you had and what you've been doing, you just did it on the under.
You have anything else to say?
Okay, you let me know what you were doing, and we appreciate that.
You guys should take a vow seriously.
I have one more place that I need you and Brown to come to, and that's City Towers, 8th Street in Oakland.
It's just as bad as Oakland Station.
And with the team effort that we're doing together, we're gonna get we'll get that building together like we do on Oakland Station.
Ken, I'm gonna tell you, I am with you 100% behind circling that building that they're trying to build, and let's shut it down.
We're gonna do it as we're gonna do it as a team.
Me and you're gonna be up front.
You're gonna be you're gonna be the general, I'm gonna be your lieutenant right up on you because I'm gonna stand up there, pretty good.
Nobody in there, okay?
And I personally personally thank you guys.
All right.
Before you go, can you give me your name, please?
Sir.
What is it?
Your name.
Oh, I'm sorry.
My name is Gregory Slaughter.
Thank you.
And I'm a resident of uh Oakland, California.
Next morning the 28th, I'm proud to say I'll be 73 years old.
I'm still handsome too.
Okay.
Hello.
Um, my name is Tomasa Bird, and I live at um 105 um international in the new building, so-called.
Um I've uh had so much problems.
I broke my wrist being there and lost my car.
Um I've been there for five years, and nothing's being done about the bars in my bathroom.
I fell so many times, and I'm sick and tired of it.
You people are helping me where shit.
Five years without bathroom bars.
And I just been following all the time.
Um, I feel and they said I have to pay for my bars to be put in the bathrooms.
From what I know, I'm not supposed to it's they were supposed to be there already.
And I've been writing down every year for bars in my bathroom, and nothing's being done.
There's still no bars.
I went out and all they had was plastic bars.
I went to get.
Can you can you guys give uh any ask her question?
Can give her 20 more seconds.
Oh, no, did was there anything else you have to say?
Uh yeah, I had I have it rained in my apartment, and uh I had roaches the following day.
I I would really hate to wake up and calling on me.
I really need that uh, thank you, ma'am.
If your name was calling you in the chambers and you wish to speak during open forum, please approach the fort, excuse me, the podium.
At this time, all names have been called.
All right.
Okay, um, if no, if open form is done, I would like to ask the council if I too could do an adjournment in honor of Edam May Johnson.
Um, if you know she used to come to council meetings all the time, and she passed away on April 21st.
So I would ask that the council adjourn in her honor and her services, I believe, are Friday, May 22nd.
Thank you.
Thank you for that.
Councilmember Houston.
Through the chair, I wanted to tell all the individuals that came out from the Oakland station.
I got you.
I got you.
And let me say this.
When we went out there, ex um expired fire extinguishers, handrails didn't work.
Um the roll-up door didn't work.
It smelled like stench, and it was just awful.
No one should have to live like that.
And let me tell you what I did.
I'm gonna bring it to the next council member meeting.
I'm gonna bring the bottle, the glass of roaches that I got from there.
I'm gonna show it.
I'm gonna put it online.
So I'm gonna say, do you want to live like that?
I have them, and I'm gonna bring them, and I'm gonna show them what you had, because you showed me some, and I went there and got got them myself.
So I'm gonna show the public.
Should my seniors, should my Oaklanders have to live like this, would you live like this?
And you're gonna say no, it's appalling, and I'm gonna bring it, I'm gonna show it.
Thank you, Councilmember.
Yeah, thank you, and thank you for everyone that uh joined us uh this afternoon.
Uh, for those that brought up the issue of lead in the paint, there's a process for that.
The city does have you was awarded five million dollars, and the county has nine million dollars.
All right, but the process for if you get ill, you go to child if you're a child, you go to children's hospital, they'll do the testing, and they'll submit that information to the city or or to the county for service.
If you know if you're an adult, you can go up to Kaiser and get tested, and they'll submit that information to the city or to the county uh to follow up, test uh your facility, your home, and also remove the the lead, the paint, the lead in the paint, and uh so we'll all ask the city administrator.
Uh we've been through this challenge where there have been some lead in the pain issues, but we have not responded as the city.
All right, and we've been at this for a number of years, and I've tried working with the county, but then the county says we deal with the county and not the city, because that's city property and the city has been finally we hired a consultant group to tell us how to do it after a number of years, and uh so if we can respond to those that are here, because we do have the money, and I'll give you this last example because it happened here at City Hall, my office upstairs.
This is a hundred and thirteen-year-old building.
All right, and so what happened is one of my assistants' child got ill, and he went we he went to children's hospital, and he came back extremely positive with lead in the paint.
But the mom said, Well, you know, I already had my home tested, it's not there.
But she brings her child here to mine, then she went to got tested, and the numbers were extremely extremely high.
But I'm trying to work with the city with the inspectors to come, but it took a while to get it done, but I'm still waiting for the results of the lead in the pain issue, because in some of our offices, the lead is falling through the walls through the ceilings, the windows, and the strong paint came out of the windows that we have, and but I'm still waiting for the the inspectors came a month later to inspect my office, but I'm still waiting for the results because I saw your previous office upstairs, man.
They're pain spilling left and right, and I know you're no longer there, but I know I'm still up there.
But anyway, so I think that city administrator, you need to communicate and let the council members know where are we with the lead in the pain issue, because we have not responded to members of the public, including to our own here.
Um outside of council and making sure that we get on debt lead settlement money getting out.
Councilman Wong.
I um just on the topic of lead on last Friday I went to Castleman Councilmont High School, um, with the Frontline Catalysts uh group, and something that I had picked up there from one of the student presentations where they were doing lead testing given all the lead in the school pipes, is that they basically rely on these electronic filtration systems, and there is literally one working drinking fountain for the entire school.
That is part of you know capital improvements for the school district, but man, it's just totally unacceptable to have lead going into our children's bloodstreams like that.
Thank you, Councilmember.
All right.
Over forms done, adjournments are done.
Uh oh, no, now it's time for Germany.
Thank you.
We adjourn this evening in honor of all the victims of the 85th Avenue tragedy, those who passed and those who are injured, Wilson Ryos Jr., Christopher Buckley, and Edam A.
Johnson.
Thank you.
This meeting is adjourned.
Yeah, I can't do it.
We heard you, Oakland.
You want more connected neighborhoods and better access to housing jobs and everyday essentials.
The draft lands use framework for Oakland's general plan shows how we can make that vision real.
The framework focuses on achieving key community priorities like housing and services near transit and jobs, well-maintained open spaces, and transportation that gets people where they need to go.
With assistance you need.
With our city website information is available in multiple languages with the click of a button.
And like our bilingual service, over the phone interpreters, video interpreting, and in-person interpretations can be provided.
All you have to do is ask.
What if you're at a city facility with neat language services?
The public can request translation or interpretation just by talking to city staff.
They come in contact with.
Here at the Equal Access Office of the City of Oakland, we want you to be able to access city government on your terms, in your language, and provide you with the best possible experience the city has to offer.
Everyone deserves access to their city government.
We're going to have a battle of that, the baby.
Necessitas services de traduction para acceder a los servicios del gobierno de la ciudad.
La oficina de acceso igualitario de la ciudad de Oakland está aquí para ayudarle.
Hay muchas maneras de utilizar los servicios de acceso linguistico in todo la ciudad.
Desde folletos y hojas informativas in various idiomas hasta personal bilingüe que pueden proporcionar services de traduction in vivo.
Aquí hay algunas de las formas in que la ciudad de Oakland puede ayudarle a aprovechar al consigue maximum los services de su gobierno municipal.
Donde puede indicar for telephone to an intérprete en el idioma que habla.
Y personal de la ciudad.
Hello, Oakland.
I'm Mayor Barbara Lee, and today I want you to hear one clear message.
Immigrants help make this city strong, and your city is here for you.
Now I know Oaklanders are concerned about the safety of our immigrant communities as federal enforcement activity is escalating across the country.
We stand firmly with our immigrant communities.
Oakland is a sanctuary city, and we will not be intimidated by federal operations designed to create fear and division.
So regardless of your status, you should always feel safe to ask a police officer for help, call 911 to report an emergency or visit city offices to access services.
Now, if you're looking for support, visit our city website for know your rights information.
We'll protect the town.
No, no, no, no, no.
No, no, no, no, no, no.
No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no.
You go high get what the high use in Taiwan get you cow.
We heard you Oakland.
You want more connected neighborhoods and better access to housing jobs and everyday essentials.
The draft land use framework for Oakland's general plan shows how we can make that vision real.
The framework focuses on achieving key community priorities like housing and services near transit and jobs.
There are many different ways that language access services can be used throughout the city, from brochures and fact sheets that are in multiple languages to bilingual staff that can provide live translation services.
Here are some of the ways that the City of Oakland can help you get more out of your city government.
And city staff can call an interpreter over the phone for the language assistance you need.
With our city website, information is available in multiple languages with the click of a button.
And like our bilingual service, over the phone interpreters, video interpreting, and in-person interpretations can be provided.
All you have to do is ask.
What if you are a city facility but need language services?
The public can request translation or interpretation just by talking to city staff they come in contact with.
Necessitate services of production for the services of the government of the city.
The officer of accession of the city of Oakland is here to help you.
There are many manner to use the services of access to linguistic in all the city.
And the officer of access to equality of the city of Oakland.
You're saying the more experience possible that the ciud.
Immigrants help make this city strong, and your city is here for you.
Now I know Oaklanders are concerned about the safety of our immigrant communities as federal enforcement activity is escalating across the country.
So regardless of your status, you should always feel safe to ask a police officer for help.
If your family is impacted, you have rights and support is available.
Individuals, families, organizations, city workers, and even elected officials.
Thank you very much.
We will protect the town.
We heard you, Oakland.
You want more connected neighborhoods and better access to housing jobs and everyday essentials.
The draft lands use framework for Oakland's General Plan shows how we can make that vision real.
The framework focuses on achieving key community priorities like housing and services near transit and jobs, well-maintained open spaces, and transportation that gets people where they need to go.
Are you in need of translation services in order to access city government?
The City of Oakland's Equal Access Office is here to help.
There are many different ways that language access services can be used throughout the city from brochures and fact sheets that are in multiple languages to bilingual staff that can provide live translation services.
Here are some of the ways that the City of Oakland can help you get more out of your city government.
Language access posters are available, allowing you to simply point to the language you speak, and city staff can call an interpreter over the phone for the language assistance you need.
With our city website information is available in multiple languages with the click of a button.
And like our bilingual service, over the phone interpreters, video interpreting, and in-person interpretations can be provided.
All you have to do is ask.
What if you're at a city facility but need language services?
The public can request translation or interpretation just by talking to city staff that come in contact with at the library or by reserving an OPRYD facility for a birthday party.
If you need assistance, just let a staff member know.
All you have to do is ask.
You can minimize wait times for interpreting by requesting language assistance in advance.
If you are planning on attending a public meeting, you may require the use of translation headsets.
Oh my god.
Oh that's a good thing.
Necessitate services of traduction for the services of the government of the city.
But we have services linguistics.
Hello, Oakland.
I'm Mayor Barbara Lee, and today I want you to hear one clear message.
Immigrants help make this city strong, and your city is here for you.
Now I know Oaklanders are concerned about the safety of our immigrant communities as federal enforcement activity is escalating across the country.
So regardless of your status, you should always feel safe to ask a police officer for help.
If your family is impacted, you have rights and support is available.
Individuals, families, organizations, city workers, and even elected officials.
Protect the town.
As personal immigrants for the less than Oakland.
Sabemos que muchas familias están preocupados por lo que está pasando in todo el país.
Oakland is una ciudad santuario and no vamos a permitir actions that we can cause money or divide a nuestra community.
So you for more case, you're holding on to the watching.
We heard you Oakland.
You want more connected neighborhoods and better access to housing jobs and everyday essentials.
The draft lands use framework for Oakland's general plan shows how we can make that vision real.
The framework focuses on achieving key community priorities like housing and services near transit and jobs, well-maintained open spaces, and transportation that gets people where they need to go.
Does this plan reflect what your community needs to thrive?
There are many different ways that language access services can be used throughout the city, from brochures and fact sheets that are in multiple languages to bilingual staff that can provide live translation services.
Here are some of the ways that the city of Oakland can help you get more out of your city government.
At all city departments, language access posters are available, allowing you to simply point to the language you speak.
And city staff can call an interpreter over the phone for the language assistance you need.
With our city website information is available in multiple languages with the click of a button.
And like our bilingual service, over the phone interpreters, video interpreting, and in-person interpretations can be provided.
All you have to do is ask.
What if you're at a city facility but need language services?
The public can request translation or interpretation just by talking to city staff they come in contact with at the library or by reserving an OPRYD facility for a birthday party.
If you need assistance, just let a staff member know.
All you have to do is ask.
You can minimize wait times for interpreting by requesting language assistance in advance.
If you are planning on attending a public meeting, you may require the use of translation headsets.
City staff will need time to arrange for equipment to arrive at the meeting venue on time.
So requesting them in advance is advisable.
Here at the Equal Access Office of the City of Oakland, we want you to be able to access city government on your terms, in your language, and provide you with the best possible experience the city has to offer.
Everyone deserves access to their city government.
And then that's the day.
Necessitive service of traduction for accidental services of the government of the city.
The Officer of Access Equality of the City of Oakland is a good idea.
In la biblioteca or reservando una facilidad de los parques de la ciudad para una fiesta de cuestión.
Solo tiene que pedirlo.
El personal municipal necessitará tiempo para organizar la llegada del tipo al lugar de la reuniona.
In la oficina de acceso equalitario de la ciudad de Australia, puede acceder al gobierno municipal in sus propios termos, in su idioma, y ofrecerle la mejor experiencia possible que la ciudad puede ofrecer.
Hello, Oakland.
I'm Mayor Barbara Lee, and today I want you to hear one clear message.
Immigrants help make this city strong, and your city is here for you.
Now I know Oaklanders are concerned about the safety of our immigrant communities as federal enforcement activity is escalating across the country.
We stand firmly with our immigrant communities.
Oakland is a sanctuary city, and we will not be intimidated by federal operations designed to create fear and division.
No city employee will ever ask for your immigration status.
So regardless of your status, you should always feel safe to ask a police officer for help.
You go high get out.
We heard you, Oakland, you want more connected neighborhoods and better access to housing jobs and everyday essentials.
Are you in need of translation services in order to access city government?
The City of Oakland's Equal Access Office is here to help.
There are many different ways that language access services can be used throughout the city from brochures and fact sheets that are in multiple languages to bilingual staff that can provide live translation services.
Here are some of the ways that the City of Oakland can help you get more out of your city government.
At all city departments, language access posters are available, allowing you to simply point to the language you speak.
With our city website information is available in multiple languages with the click of a button.
And like our bilingual service, over the phone interpreters, video interpreting, and in-person interpretations can be provided.
All you have to do is ask.
What if you're at a city facility with need language services?
The public can request translation or interpretation just by talking to city staff they come in contact with at the library or by reserving an OPRYD facility for a birthday party.
If you need assistance, just let a staff member know.
You can minimize wait times for interpreting by requesting language assistance in advance.
If you are planning on attending a public meeting, you may require the use of translation headsets.
Necessarily services of production for the services of the government of the city.
What does it work in an installation municipal?
So we have to pay it.
Hello, Oakland.
I'm Mayor Barbara Lee, and today I want you to hear one clear message.
Immigrants help make this city strong, and your city is here for you.
Now I know Oaklanders are concerned about the safety of our immigrant communities as federal enforcement activity is escalating across the country.
Oakland is a sanctuary city, and we will not be intimidated by federal operations designed to create fear and division.
No city employee will ever ask for your immigration status.
So regardless of your status, you should always feel safe to ask a police officer for help.
I have signed an executive order affirming that city property and spaces are to be used for city approved uses only.
If your family is impacted, you have rights and support is available.
Call the Asylum Hotline.
This resource is available for everyone, individuals, families, organizations, city workers, and even elected officials.
Thank you very much.
We will protect the town.
So, baby, watching you when it hikes, if you go.
Ling I all the Oaklands again long time.
So, you for more case of your holiday, you hold our jungle yin.
Need you so you hang on joy and task?
So, you're going to hang on and seeing food, get by decade half or more daily.
So you inform more how you demand joke.
So, you can find capsang for more than high.
We heard you, Oakland, you want more connected neighborhoods and better access to housing jobs and everyday essentials.
The draft land use framework for Oakland's general plan shows how we can make that vision real.
The framework focuses on achieving key community priorities like housing and services near transit and jobs.
Does this plan reflect what your community needs to thrive?
Scan the QR code or call the link to review the framework and share your feedback today.
Here are some of the ways that the city of Oakland can help you get more out of your city government.
With our city website information is available in multiple languages with the click of a button.
And like our bilingual service, over the phone interpreters, video interpreting, and in-person interpretations can be provided.
All you have to do is ask.
What if you're at a city facility with need language services?
The public can request translation or interpretation just by talking to city staff, they come in contact with at the library or by reserving an OPRYD facility for a birthday party.
If you need assistance, just let a staff member know.
All you have to do is ask.
You can minimize wait times for interpreting by requesting language assistance in advance.
If you are planning on attending a public meeting, you may require the use of translation headsets.
City staff will need time to arrange for equipment to arrive at the meeting venue on time.
So requesting them in advance is advisable.
Here at the Equal Access Office of the City of Oakland, we want you to be able to access city government on your terms, in your language, and provide you with the best possible experience the city has to offer.
Everyone deserves access to their city government.
Necessitas services de traduction para acceder a los services del gobierno de la ciudad.
La oficina de acceso equalitario de la ciudad de Oakland está aquí para ayudarle.
Hay muchas maneras de utilizar los services de acceso linguistico in toda la ciudad.
Desde folletos y hojas informativas in varios idiomas hasta personal bilingual que pueden proporcionar services de traduction in vivo.
Aquí hay algunas de las formas in que la ciudad de Oakland puede ayudarle a aprovechar al consigue máximo los services de su gobierno municipal.
Donde puede indicar el idioma que habla.
Y personal de la ciudad pueden llamar por telefone a un intérprete que le ayudará en el idioma que necesites en el sitio web de nuestra ciudad.
La information está disponible in varios idiomas con solo hacer clic in un button.
Solo tiene que pedirlo.
What does it seem to be an installation municipal?
Members del public or interpretation simply hablando con el personal municipal con el que entren in contact.
In la biblioteca or reservando una facility of parkers de la ciudad para una fiesta de cookie años.
Si necesitan ayuda, solo tiene que communicarlo a un member of the personal.
Hello, Oakland.
I'm Mayor Barbara Lee, and today I want you to hear one clear message.
Immigrants help make this city strong, and your city is here for you.
Now I know Oaklanders are concerned about the safety of our immigrant communities as federal enforcement activity is escalating across the country.
We stand firmly with our immigrant communities.
Oakland is a sanctuary city, and we will not be intimidated by federal operations designed to create fear and division.
So regardless of your status, you should always feel safe to ask a police officer for help.
If your family is impacted, you have rights and support is available.
Now, if you're looking for support, visit our city website for know your rights information.
This resource is available for everyone, individuals, families, organizations, city workers, and even elected officials.
No, no, no.
You go high, you get what?
So I joined how you joy the gun.
The framework focuses on achieving key community priorities like housing and services near transit and jobs.
Well maintained open spaces and transportation that gets people where they need to go.
Does this plan reflect what your community needs to thrive?
And share your feedback today.
From brochures and fact sheets that are in multiple languages to bilingual staff that can provide live translation services.
Here are some of the ways that the City of Oakland can help you get more out of your city government.
At all city departments, language access posters are available, allowing you to simply point to the language you speak, and city staff can call an interpreter over the phone for the language assistance you need.
With our city website information is available in multiple languages with the click of a button.
And like our bilingual service, over the phone interpreters, video interpreting, and in-person interpretations can be provided.
All you have to do is ask.
What if you're at a city facility but need language services?
The public can request translation or interpretation just by talking to city staff they come in contact with at the library or by reserving an OPRYD facility for a birthday party.
If you need assistance, just let a staff member know.
All you have to do is ask.
You can minimize wait times for interpreting by requesting language assistance in advance.
If you are planning on attending a public meeting, you may require the use of translation headsets.
City staff will need time to arrange for equipment to arrive at the meeting venue on time.
So requesting them in advance is advisable.
Necessitive service of traduction to the services of the government of the city.
There are many manner to use the service of access linguistic in all the city.
Hello, Oakland.
I'm Mayor Barbara Lee, and today I want you to hear one clear message.
Immigrants help make this city strong, and your city is here for you.
Now I know Oaklanders are concerned about the safety of our immigrant communities as federal enforcement activity is escalating across the country.
We stand firmly with our immigrant communities.
Oakland is a sanctuary city, and we will not be intimidated by federal operations designed to create fear and division.
No city employee will ever ask for your immigration status.
So regardless of your status, you should always feel safe to ask a police officer for help.
If your family is impacted, you have rights and support is available.
Individuals, families, organizations, city workers, and even elected officials.
Thank you very much.
From New York, this is Democracy Now.
My community is mourning.
This is something that we have never expected to take place.
But at the same time, the religious intolerance and the hate, unfortunately, that exist in our nation is unprecedented.
Killing three people, and what authorities are saying was a suspected hate crime.
The center housed both a mosque and a school.
We'll get the latest.
And I couldn't let it stand.
I called you right after the attack.
I was very disappointed that you wouldn't report him.
They never would have believed me.
We'll speak to filmmaker Ivy Mirapal, director of the new film Ask Eugene.
All that and more coming up.
Welcome to Democracy Now, Democracy Now.org.
The Warren Peace Report.
I'm Amy Goodman.
President Trump said Monday he postponed an imminent U.S.
attack on Iran at the request of Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
Trump's reversal came after he repeatedly threatened to launch new strikes, warning Iran there won't be anything left of them.
We were getting ready to do a very major attack tomorrow.
I'd put it off for a little while.
Hopefully, maybe forever, but possibly for a little while.
Because we've had uh very big discussions with Iran, and we'll see what they amount to.
It's not clear whether there have been any breakthroughs and stalled talks to end the US and Israeli war on Iran.
Iranian negotiators continued to demand an end to the U.S.
naval blockade of Iran's ports, the release of Iran's frozen assets, and the lifting of international sanctions.
Iran's foreign ministry said it remains skeptical after President Trump twice ordered attacks on Iran while negotiations were underway.
We approach every diplomatic process with deep distrust and serious skepticism in order to safeguard the national interests of Iran.
Iran is aware that given the U.S.'s track record of undermining negotiations, it might repeat the same actions at any moment.
As the World Health Organization said an outbreak of Ebola virus in the DRC in Uganda has reached 500 suspected cases and 130 suspected deaths, with those numbers expected to rise.
This is the WHO's Director General, Tedros Adnan Gabriesis.
I'm deeply concerned about the scale and speed of the epidemic.
The WHO says the DRC will open three Ebola treatment centers in the eastern Ituri province where the outbreak began.
Meanwhile, the centers for disease control says a U.S.
doctor tested positive for Ebola after working with a medical missionary group in Congo.
Dr.
Peter Stafford was exposed to the virus while treating patients in the capital of Aturi province.
He's been evacuated to Germany for treatment.
To see our interview with Dr.
Craig Spencer, who was positive for Ebola virus about a decade ago, but now is critiquing U.S.
policy on Ebola and other uh viruses.
We go to DemocracyNow.org.
Israeli forces are continuing to intercept ships with a Gaza-bound humanitarian aid flotilla off the coast of Cyprus.
More than 50 ships with a global smooth flotilla set sail from the Turkish port city of Marmoris last week.
According to organizers, Israeli forces have intercepted 41 of their boats in the eastern Mediterranean, about 250 nautical miles from Gaza, which is under an Israeli maritime blockade.
Video shows armed Israeli commandos climbing onto boats.
337 activists have been taken into custody.
10 boats are still sailing towards Gaza.
Meanwhile, thousands of protesters took to the streets in Italy and Greece in solidarity with the Gaza-bound activists as world leaders condemned the Israeli raid.
Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim wrote on social media, quote, the world cannot continue to bow to tyranny and corruption.
The oppression against Palestinians and those who mobilize and deliver humanitarian aid must be stopped immediately, and Israel must face justice and accountability, he said.
This is Turkey's president, Retchip Taib Erdwan.
I curse in the strongest terms, this act of piracy and banditry against the passengers of hope on the Samood flotilla.
We're taking the necessary steps to ensure the safe return of our citizens of 40 different countries.
We call on the international community to take action against Israel's lawless and rule breaking actions.
In California, two teenage attackers fatally shot three people on Monday at the Islamic Center of San Diego, the largest mosque in San Diego County.
Among the dead was a security guard, Amin Abdullah, a father of eight, who police said played a pivotal role in saving children's lives.
The suspects, age 17 and 19, were found dead from a parent's self-inflicted gunshot wounds in a car near the scene.
Police are investigating the attack as a hate crime.
Law enforcement officials told CNN hate speech was scrawled on one of the weapons.
A suicide note that contained writings about racial pride was also found, according to the officials.
CARE, the council on American Islamic relations noted the attack comes as anti-Muslim bias complaints reached their highest level on record last year, with 8,683 complaints filed nationwide.
This is Taha Hussain, the Imam and Director of the Islamic Center of San Diego.
My community is mourning.
This is something that we have never expected to take place.
But at the same time, the religious intolerance and the hate unfortunately that exists in our nation is unprecedented.
After headlines, we'll be speaking with Linda Sarsur and Minnesota prosecutors have file criminal charges against an ICE officer who allegedly shot a Venezuelan immigrant in North Minneapolis during an immigration raid in January, lied about what happened.
On Monday, Hennepin County attorney Mary Moriarty announced federal agent Christian Castro will face four counts of second degree assault and one count of falsely reporting a crime.
These charges have activated a nationwide warrant for his arrest.
Venezuelan immigrant Julio Sosa Cellis suffered a leg wound when Castro allegedly shot him through the door.
This comes as Hennepin County prosecutors continue to investigate the killings of Renee Good and Alex Pretti by federal agents during the Trump administration's violent immigration enforcement campaign known as Operation Metro Surge.
We'll go to Minneapolis later in the broadcast.
A new report finds more than a hundred thousand children in the U.S.
have had a parent detained since the Trump administration began its mass deportation campaign last year.
That's far more than under President Trump's first term, and more than double the number of family separations that would be projected using government data.
The finding comes from a Brookings institution study that estimates some 400,000 people have been booked into ICE jails since January of last year.
The Justice Department announced Monday it'll create a 1.776 billion dollar fund to make payments to Trump supporters who say they were wrongly investigated or prosecuted by previous administrations.
The so-called anti-weaponization fund would be overseen by five commissioners, four of whom would be appointed by the attorney general to serve at the pleasure of the president.
The announcement came as part of a settlement agreement between President Trump and his own administration.
After Trump, his sons, and their family business sued the IRS for over $10 billion over the leak of Trump's tax returns by an IRS worker.
Following Monday's announcement, the Treasury Department's top lawyer resigned.
Brian Morrissey leaves his post just seven months after his Senate confirmation.
He did not respond to reporters' requests for comment.
Democrats have accused Trump of creating a slush fund for his MAGA allies, including insurrectionists who joined the January 6th riot at the U.S.
Capitol.
On Monday, 93 Democratic lawmakers filed an amicus brief in federal courts seeking to block the fund.
Virginia Congressmember Don Byer wrote, quote, he's just stealing your money.
There's no transparency.
We won't know who gets paid or how much.
It's illegal and corrupt as hell.
We're fighting it in court, Congressmember Bayer said.
The EPA proposed Monday to kill drinking water limits for four so-called forever chemicals set by the Biden administration in 2024.
The EPA said it will keep limits on PFOA and PFOS, the two most widely studied PFAS compounds, but will allow some water utilities to extend their compliance deadline from 2029 to 2031.
The role acts could delay or eliminate drinking water protections for up to 105 million people.
PFAs have been linked to cancer thyroid disease, liver damage, decreased fertility, and immune system damage.
In a statement, Catherine O'Brien, senior attorney at Earth Justice, said, quote, this move only underscores that the Trump administration's Maha rhetoric, that's make America healthy again, is just that.
Empty rhetoric, and it will leave children and families to bear the cost of continued drinking water contamination, unquote.
Here in New York, Long Island Railroad strike ended Monday night after the MTA and five unions reached a tentative agreement ending a three-day work stoppage that paralyzed the largest commuter rail system in the United States.
Over the weekend, 3,500 unionized workers walked off the job for the first LIRR strike in over 30 years.
The deal still needs to be ratified by members of the five unions.
If rejected, the strike could resume.
And New York City Mayor Zoran Mamdani announced Monday the city's first municipally owned grocery store will open in the Hunts Point section of the South Bronx next year.
The 20,000 square foot store will be located inside the peninsula and affordable housing and mixed-use development.
The plan is part of a broader $70 million initiative to open one city-owned store in each of the five boroughs under the proposal.
The plan still requires city council approval.
This is Mayor Mamdani.
Standing here this morning, I cannot help but think of the words of our 40th president, Ronald Reagan.
He famously said the nine most terrifying words in the English language are I'm from the government and I'm here to help.
It's a good quote, but I disagree.
We are going to use the power of government to lower prices and make it easier for New Yorkers to put food on the table.
And those are some of the headlines.
This is Democracy Now, Democracy Now.org, the War and Peace Report.
In California, two teenage gunmen fatally shot three people on Monday at the Islamic Center of San Diego, the largest mosque in San Diego County.
Among the dead was a security guard, now identified as Amin Abdullah, a father of eight, who police say played a pivotal role in saving lives, particularly children's lives.
The suspects aged 17 and 19 were found dead from apparent self-inflicted gunshot wounds in a car near the scene.
Police are investigating the attack as a hate crime.
Law enforcement officials told CNN hate speech was scrawled on one of the weapons, a suicide note that contained writings about racial pride was also found, according to officials.
CARE, the Council on American Islamic Relations, noted the attack comes as anti-Muslim bias complaints reached their highest level on record, with 8,683 complaints filed nationwide.
This is Taha Hussein, the Imam and director of the Islamic Center of San Diego.
My community is mourning.
This is something that we have never expected to take place.
But at the same time, the religious intolerance and the hate, unfortunately, that exists in our nation is unprecedented.
All of us are responsible for spreading the culture of tolerance, the culture of love.
All of us, we are responsible.
From whatever position we have, as parents, as media people, as elected officials, as law enforcement, as religious leaders.
All of us, we can do something to protect our nation, to protect our society.
And please, I have one request to the media.
Stop sharing the picture of the victims.
Let the families mourn.
Let them pray.
As we do always at the Islamic Center of San Diego.
It's a house of worship.
It's not a battlefield.
Come on.
People come to the mosque to pray, to socialize, to celebrate, to enjoy their time together.
Muslims and non-Muslims alike, everyone have been always welcomed.
Our doors are always welcomed.
We never ask people.
When they show up at the door of the Islamic center, we never ask them whether you are a Muslim or not.
Who are you?
Because everyone is welcome.
So let's do our best to spread this culture of love and tolerance and sympathy.
For the sake of this nation, for the sake of the future generation.
That was Taha Hussein, the Imam and Director of the Islamic Center of San Diego, attacked on Monday.
Police said they'd begun a search for the two teenage gunmen two hours before the attack, after the mother of one of the shooters called police.
This is San Diego police chief Scott Wall.
She believed her son was suicidal.
And she began to share information that several of her weapons were missing.
Her vehicle was missing, in addition to her son.
She also said that she was her son was with a companion.
And that they were dressed in camo.
And that is not consistent with what we would typically see from somebody that is suicidal.
That's the San Diego police chief.
We're joined now by Linda Sarsor, Palestinian American Muslim organizer, friend of the Imam at the Islamic Center of San Diego, author of We Are Not Here to Be Bystanders, and co-founder of Empower Action Fund.
Linda, thanks so much for joining us again.
But under these incredibly sad circumstances, the guard has just been named who was killed by the gunmen.
The gunmen themselves apparently dead of self-inflicted wounds.
Can you talk about what you heard yesterday and your reaction as it was unfolding?
You're a friend of the Imam.
I immediately saw a tweet on X that said that there was a shooting at the Islamic Center of San Diego, and I immediately texted Imam Taha Hussein, who's an old friend of mine, and I said, Are you okay?
And he immediately called me back and said that we are in a lockdown right now.
There has been an active shooting.
At that moment, he had not known about all the fatalities, but they did know about Brother Amin Abdullah, who was the armed security guard of the mosque and a father of eight and a wonderful, incredible human being that I also had the honor and privilege of meeting myself.
There are also two other adult males that were also killed in the shooting.
One of them is Brother Mansur, also known as Abul Ariz.
He is an elder, a caretaker of the mosque.
Also was uh running the Islamic bookstore at the mosque, and just the beloved um kind of uncle in the community.
Another one is Brother Nadid.
Brother Nadid is a neighbor of the mosque, a congregant, um, someone who is heavily involved in the mosque itself.
Um is just a very devastating experience.
There is also over about 200 kids uh in a pre-K to third grade um Islamic school that is a part of the Islamic Center of San Diego, who are also on lockdown, hiding under, excuse me, hiding under desks and closets.
Um, and if it wasn't for Brother Amin Abdullah and these brothers that came out to put their bodies on the line, we could have had many more fatalities, and many of them could have been small children in this country.
So even though the children are safe, thank God, um, they are forever gonna live with this trauma of knowing that their mosque was attacked because they were Muslims.
I was watching as uh parents wept also uh talking about how Amin had saved their children, that the kids the first thing they look forward to going to school in the morning is seeing him there.
That's right.
That's that's who he was.
Um, and this was his job as a matter of fact.
A few days before uh this horrific shooting, he had made a post um on social media on on Facebook and said something like a lot of people look for fame, they look for financial stability, they look kind of for the worldly things.
But for him, he just wanted to be a good Muslim and he wanted to meet his lord as pure as he was when he was a baby.
And that is his last message that people saw on social media.
Umam Taha, also the director of the Islamic Center, who was in the building when this happened, he was on the second floor, um, is an incredible ally.
He's uh someone who is very well known in the immigrant rights movement, in this in the San Diego economic justice movement.
He's at m often at many rallies.
This is a mosque that has opened its doors to the community.
They literally have open mosque day where anyone in the community can show up to the mosque, and they are opened, uh, they are welcomed with open arms, and they have uh film screenings, they do like community events, they do festivals, like this is the epitome of of a of a mosque that shows our true values as Muslims in community and in solidarity.
So it's just devastating.
Um, and no house of worship should have to ever experience this.
You were with Imam Taha Hussein just a few weeks ago.
Mm-hmm.
Um Taha is a national leader.
He is part of many of the movement work that I do.
Um, he's someone that we go to as an Islamic scholar uh to help guide us through the social justice and uh work that we do.
And we were in Dearborn just uh, you know, a few weeks ago.
Um he was there as a as a mentor to many Muslim organizers um in this country, and he's someone that I've um spoken on many panels with.
We we do the uh Muslim Student Association conference in uh California, just someone who's always at the right place at the right time and very encouraging and of women's leadership in our community, of youth leadership in our community, and so it's just devastating to see that his mosque um was was targeted as someone who has poured so much into our community and movements.
Can you talk about what you understand the mom of one of the alleged shooters?
Uh Kane Clark was, I believe, 17.
Uh, he was with Caleb Vasquez, these two now dead teenagers um have been identified.
How the mom got in touch with the police hours before she I think she had a cache of weapons, but she saw her guns gone and her car gone, and her kid was dressed in camo with the ammo.
Um, and as the mayor, as the police chief said, even though he had left a suicide note, that is highly suspect when they're putting on camo, obviously.
I mean, the we can't deny um, Amy, that there's been increased political rhetoric against Muslims in this country, um, and the ways in which Muslims are treated, even after this horrific shooting, right wing MAGA accounts, um, some of them verified, uh, some of them high profile, have begun conspiracy theories or have actually blamed the mosque itself for their own uh shooting that happened there.
It is absolutely horrific to see the ways in which elected officials anywhere from Randy Fine to the members of Congress who have started this, what they call the Sharia free caucus.
Um, people are not held accountable for their anti-Muslim hate.
We are anti-Muslim hate is one of the few types of bigotry in this country that is acceptable.
You don't lose your job, there's no consequences for it.
And here comes a 17-year-old who is probably brought into all this propaganda.
He's wrote a suicide note.
The officials are saying that there was hate rhetoric uh scrolled on the weapons, which also tells me how how long were or how long were your guns missing?
How long did it take him to scroll, you know, hateful uh, you know, rhetoric on uh on guns.
Also, how is the mother storing her guns?
You know, did you just leave them around?
Is there was there no key?
Was there no way for this to be uh protected so that your child does not go out and kill innocent people at a mosque?
So there's something very um, you know, strange that's happening here, but I will say this about the 17-year-old and also a 19-year-old.
I'm sad, Amy, for them.
I really am sad.
They're they're too young for this type of hate.
Uh, and the fact that it it drove them to the point where they went to a mosque and they shot innocent people and could have shot children.
I mean, the fact that there's an Islamic school, if it wasn't for Brother Amin and the brothers that interfered, we literally could have had dozens of children who would have been literally shot and killed.
And and the thing is we've seen this before.
We saw it, we saw it in Sandy Hook, we saw it in Uvaldi.
Um, and so for me, I'm just like it's an issue around let's end this anti-Muslim hate.
Let's make sure that there are consequences for people who propagate this hate for media outlets who propagate this hate.
And also let's get some sensible gun reform.
How did this mother get the where were they registered guns?
How is she uh storing them at home?
How did your son wear cat why how where did your son get cameo from?
Like wearing, I mean, the whole thing just is just it just seems like it just doesn't make sense.
During a televised news conference on Monday, a woman disrupted the news conference just as San Diego mayor Todd Gloria was beginning to speak.
She accused him of emboldening what she called Zionist propaganda.
Thank you.
That's like the two nice.
So the after that the mayor uh began speaking, but she referred to him as Todd, which was his first name.
Uh Linda Sarser, I don't know if you could make out what she was saying, but if you could respond.
She was saying basically to him that this is that that you're part you're part of the problem, that this is because you've emboldened this the this this hateful rhetoric.
Like she was basically holding him accountable.
Mayor Todd, in the course of genocide, has condemned Palestinian organizers, he condemned Palestinian students.
He would never show up to any events led by Palestinian American or Muslims that were related to the genocide in Gaza.
Um, and he continued to vilify folks that organize around the genocide.
And he is someone who has aligned himself with right-wing Zionists and others.
So I think again, who you ally with as a leader of a city, right, like Sandy, like San Diego, tells me where you stand.
If you're gonna be willing to stand with people who are uh condemning, uh vilifying, dehumanizing people who are standing up for justice for the Palestinian people, then you're part of a larger problem that we have here, which is reaffirming anti-Muslim, anti-Palestinian, anti-Arab hate.
You know this, uh Amy in this country.
People don't know the difference between a Muslim, Arab, or a Palestinian, and that's the problem here.
Um, and so all these things are are conflated.
In the past, this mosque has been targeted during genocide by right-wing media.
Um, there was a New York Post article that just literally got published yesterday after horrific shooting that basically said the shooting that happened at an Islamic center with a history of controversy.
Like they're they're they're instead of reporting the news, they're telling us that there's a controversial mosque here.
What does that have to do with what is happening to these people?
The far-right political activist Trump ally Lara Loomer um posted a message on Exxon Monday reading.
The mosque that was quote unquote supposedly shot up today.
Just remember the people who attend this mosque want us all to be killed.
We will be told they are such amazing people.
I'm not advocating for violence.
I condemn violence.
I'm showing you how evil this mosque is and always has been.
It should be raided by ICE and the FBI, she tweeted.
In a follow-up tweet, Lara Loomer called for the DHS to quote, deport every Muslim in America back to the Middle East, unquote.
Her response, Linda.
And this is exactly what's um across the entire internet.
That's it.
This is the the conspiracy theory is blaming us for the tragic and horrific shooting that has happened at this mosque.
And this is the kind of rhetoric that's acceptable.
No one else, Amy, would be able to say something like Laura Loomer about any other religious community.
Again, for us, it's acceptable.
She her posts won't get taken down.
There will be no consequences for Aurora Loomer.
But here we have three adult men, beloved in their community in an incredible mosque where their neighbors love them.
There are people that have come out and spoken about them, pastors, rabbis, those that have visited this mosque and know that this mosque is a community center.
It's a it's a beloved place.
I've been there so many times, Amy.
It's so incredible.
It's one of the most diverse mosques in all of America from the African continent, from South Asia, from the Arab world, from converts in the United States of America to Latino Muslims.
They have Spanish speaking programs.
I mean, it's just an incredibly beautiful place.
They welcome the formerly incarcerated.
This is the kind of people that they are.
Imam Taha is uh one of the most incredible leaders we have in this country, and it's just despicable that we allow this kind of rhetoric, especially after horrific shooting.
Linda Sarsor, Palestinian American Muslim organizer, author of We Are Not Here to Be Bystanders.
She's also co-founder of Empower Action Fund.
Coming up a new documentary on Egene Carroll.
She successfully sued Donald Trump twice in federal court.
He was found civilly liable for sexual abuse and defamation.
We'll speak with the director, Ivy Mirapol.
Stay with us.
In which she described an encounter in the 1990s when President Trump, she said, sexually assaulted her in a department store dressing room at Bergdorf Goodman.
At the time, she was a well-known advice columnist and host of her own TV show.
When President Trump denied the account, Eugene Carroll sued him and won.
A unanimous New York jury found Donald Trump liable for sexual abuse and defamation and awarded Egene Carroll $5 million dollars in damages.
President Trump then denied knowing Carol and called her a whack job on CNN.
Eegene Carroll then sued him again for defamation.
A second jury, also unanimous, awarded her $83.3 million dollars, but she has yet to see a penny.
Federal courts appealed both verdicts.
But now President Trump's attorneys are asking the Supreme Court to overturn them, asserting the president has absolute immunity for comments he makes as president.
The Department of Justice has submitted a filing to the Supreme Court backing the president's argument.
Trump's attorneys have also sought to invoke a federal statute to swap the president out as defendant and have the U.S.
government take his place, which would essentially nullify the verdicts as the federal government can't be sued for defamation.
The verdict is on pause until the Supreme Court either reviews the two cases or decides to pass.
The second U.S.
Circuit Court of Appeals conditioned the say on President Trump posting a bond of nearly 100 million dollars.
Well, a new documentary goes through all of this and more.
It's called Ask Eegene Carroll.
The film is directed and produced by the award-winning filmmaker Ivy Mirapal.
Her past films include Heir to an Execution, a documentary about her grandparents, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, who were executed at Sing Sing in the 1950s.
In a moment, we'll be joined by Ivy Mirapol.
But first, this is the trailer for Ask Egene.
There's no such thing as destiny, dear listener.
We ourselves make our lives.
All the time I'm writing, writing, writing.
And then I write this little quiz and Esquire buys it.
I got one taste of New York.
And I thought, wow.
I was as happy a being as ever existed.
All my dreams were about becoming an advice columnist.
And that Roger Ales gave me my own TV show.
You don't really care who comments on anything because of it.
You comment on everything.
If you were concerned about being dragged through the mud, why would you choose to sue Donald Trump?
Because he called me a liar and I couldn't let it stand.
I called you right after the attack.
I was very disappointed that you wouldn't report him.
They never would have believed me.
You were more famous than he was.
Here comes this huge attorney, Robbie Kaplan.
She laid out the case.
If women could see what kind of questions their fellow woman is asked when she brings charges against a powerful man.
Were you wearing underwear?
Did you wear a bra?
Are you taking any medications of drugs?
Have you ever had acting classes?
No.
There was some darkness coming in.
We were prepping for the second trial, and Robbie said the man you have not seen in 30 years is going to be in that courtroom.
Have the gods to face him down twice.
I am thinking of getting a toaster.
The trailer for the new documentary, Ask Eegene, out this weekend at New York's IFC Center, and will be coming out in Los Angeles as well.
We're joined now by the award-winning filmmaker Ivy Mirapol from Cold Spring, New York.
Ivy, thanks so much for joining us.
It might surprise people that these, I was gonna say this case, but these cases continue and they are now sitting at the Supreme Court.
Explain this, these verdicts and the amount of money that Eegene could see, nearly $90 million from President Trump.
Well, hi, Amy.
Thanks for having me.
Um Eegene, the first in the first case, she was awarded five million dollars.
Then she was awarded the massive, you know, amount of 83.5.
And that was specifically had to do with the amount of defamation that continued to, you know, rain down on her from President Trump, but also that activated so many of his followers to um really threaten her uh, you know, violently.
So she so the eighty three million was the jury saying, you know, it has to be a very large number to make it stop.
Both of those cases are now at the doors of the Supreme Court.
I I honestly can't speculate on what's going to happen there, um, but I can say that they have it's there.
I think at this point, maybe there's been about 10 or 11 weeks, maybe more, where they could have decided at least to hear or deny cert to the first case, and they just keep kind of bumping it down the road.
And the first case, the five million dollars, explain exactly what that was about.
Well, um, so the the five million had to do with the uh sexual assault and defamation.
So what Egene was uh able to do is when the Adult Survivors Act was passed uh in in New York, it it it allowed for a one year window for um victims of sexual assault rape uh to file uh lawsuits from any time in their lives.
They could they had that year window, and Eegine was the first one to file that case.
She had already filed a de a defamatory lawsuit against Donald Trump because he uh in his first um uh term had defamed her from the White House lawn and was attacking her uh regularly.
So that had been filed, but then when the Adult Survivors Act gave her the opportunity to bring the case of sexual assault, she did so.
So that's the first case.
I want to play a clip uh from the film, which shows the start of Eugene Carroll's deposition, in which she is questioned by President Trump's personal attorney, Elena Haba.
Do you start to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth?
I do.
Good morning, Carol.
Thank you for being here.
How do you do?
Okay.
My name is Alina Haba, I'm sure you know that.
I represent a former president Donald Trump.
Have you ever been deposed?
Never.
Okay.
So let's go over some ground rules.
First of all, you're under oath.
So that means you might testify truthfully and honestly and accurately to the best of your ability.
Are you ready to start?
Is that again?
Yes, giddy up.
If women could see what kind of questions their fellow woman is asked when she brings charges of uh rape against a powerful man, it would stop a racehorse.
It is really quite stunning.
Okay, I am going to switch into the complaint.
Do you remember what the temperature was out there?
Yes.
Queer and coolish.
So that was a clip from the deposition that's in Ivy Mirapal's film Ask Egene.
And she was being questioned by Alina Huba, President Trump's attorney.
Um she just stepped down as the top federal prosecutor in New Jersey following an appeals court ruling that found she was unlawfully serving in that role, just a little background on Alina Huba.
But Egene Carroll, we heard the deposition and then a clip of an interview with her talking about what women face when they make accusations about sexual abuse today, Ivy.
Yeah, so excuse me.
Uh the so I just want to first say that this is an an incredible opportunity for audiences to see what really goes on when a woman brings a case like this, uh, especially against a powerful man, but any man, really, that if if you make it all the way to being deposed or sitting in the courtroom, you are going to be subjected to this kind of questioning.
And if you when you watch the whole film, you see that it it's relentless and it goes on.
Um, so this these depositions are were private.
You know, you know.
They were not entered into evidence, uh, and so they never were made public.
And uh attorney Robbie Kaplan and Eegine uh gave them to me as it is an incredible gift for this film and for the world to see this, um, and to experience what Eegine experienced.
But the other part is and I love you know the start of it because it's just captures Eegene uh who she is so beautifully because right at the top you see she takes it very seriously that she's under oath, and then she doesn't realize that she has to speak the word yes when Alina Hava asked her the last question, and she said, Are you ready?
And Eegene just nods, and then when Aline Hobba presses her, she says, Yes, giddy up.
That's like, I mean, I love it.
It's like the mantra for for Eegene's life and for what Eegene took to this case.
I want to play a scene from your film, Ask Egene, in which Egene Carroll talks with writer Lisa Bernbeck, the first person she spoke to about Donald Trump sexually assaulting her back in 1996.
I called you right after the attack.
We were not that close of friends and met you.
You didn't like me that much, right?
No, I adored you.
See, that was the thing.
I thought you were the funniest writer I know.
And if I tell you what happened, you will laugh.
And then I will feel great.
Yeah.
And then we'll both be happy.
Right.
I think, oh, this is gonna be fun.
Right.
And you tell me this story, and I said, E, what happened to you was horrible, and you got upset that I wasn't laughing.
Yeah, that if you thought it was funny, if I called you, it would take the sting out.
I that it hadn't happened, it was just a funny thing, and instead I was shocked and said, Wow, what are we gonna do?
Please, thank you.
You know, I was very disappointed that you wouldn't report him.
But Lisa, they never would have believed me.
I would have lost my I would have been fired.
I didn't have money to get an attorney, everything I'd work for would be dissipated.
You said don't ever speak of this again, don't ever tell anyone this story as long as you live.
Do I have your word?
And you did.
And that was that.
That's writer Lisa Burnbeck, uh, the first person Eugene Carroll spoke to about uh being sexually assaulted in the department store dressing room.
Um Ivy Maripole, talk about the significance of what it means when a person has told another person contemporaneously.
Mm-hmm.
Yeah, so Lisa is what's called an outcry witness, um, and which which just means that she's the person that Egene called, told right after the attack.
Um Carol Martin is Egene's other outcry witness.
The two those two women were told within a day or two after uh Trump assaulted Egene at Bergdorf Goodman's.
And what's important about that is that now then 25 years later, when Egene decided to come forward with this story, she had she went to Carol and Lisa and you know, asked that they please come forward now, and lose their anonymity, which was not an easy choice to make for either of them.
Um, and they both did, and they both stood by Egene, and it's a it's a beautiful story of female friendship across the years and then coming together to fight this common battle.
I want to go to one last clip, and that is during his deposition in 2023, Trump was shown a picture of himself, Eegene Carroll, her former husband, the news anchor John Johnson, and Trump's then wife, Ivana.
He confused Eegene Carroll with his ex-wife Marla Maples.
You say Marvel's in this photo?
That's Marla.
That's it's my wife.
Which one are you pointing to?
No.
Here.
Oh shit.
The person you just pointed to was Eugene Carol.
And the person the woman on the right is your then wife.
I don't know.
This was the picture.
I assume that's John Johnson.
Is that because it's very blurry?
So this is an amazing moment, right?
This is uh Donald Trump, who said he'd never met this woman, who she was not his type.
Um, and of course, then E.
Jean Carroll writes a book, he's not my type.
Um, and he is confusing Eegene Carroll with his ex-wife Marla Maples.
Yes.
Now, you know, Amy, this was reported at the time, but I don't think people, myself included, can fully appreciate or understand what was happening here until we were able to just really play it out in the in the film, uh, yeah.
It's as you said, uh, Trump is presented with this photo that shows, you know, him meeting Eugene in a or saying hello to Egene in a receiving line, and and he gets very confused.
He is asked to identify everyone in the picture, and his wife Ivana Trump is there.
Um, and with him, but he looks at Eegine and he says, That's Marla.
That's Marla, my wife.
Now, Robbie Kaplan, so quick, she follows up with this unbelievable bombshell of a moment, and and says, Would you say that all three of your wives were your type?
Are your type?
And he says, Oh, yeah, yeah, sure.
Doesn't even, you know, it's just and we have that in the film too.
So uh I, you know, I it is it is such an important turning point in the case.
Um, and it just shows, you know, how all of his bluster about, you know, she's not my type and all of this is just more lies.
Ivy Mirapolis, we wrap up.
Can you talk about the release of this film, the theatrical release uh this weekend?
It's opening at IF uh IFC Center here in New York, going on to Los Angeles.
Have you had difficulty distributing this film?
Uh yes, yes.
Uh, it has been uh, as you can imagine, it is quite a challenge.
Uh, you know, the there is it is it is just the reality in our country right now that that the this vengeful president, and he's so powerful right now, um, back in office, that that it, you know, it has a chilling effect.
Um, so we have had a very hard time.
We know that audiences want to see this film.
We've had seen the reactions um in the film, the film festivals we've been privileged to be part of.
Um, so it took a while to get to get here, but we have partnered with Abrahama Rama, uh, an incredible uh distributor, and we are we are pushing the film out all over the country, and we can't we're really excited because it's a New York City story, and we were you know, just the IOC Center, Memorial Day weekend, big opening.
We'll be there all week, and yeah, we're I'm gonna be joined by some incredible um women to do some QA's.
Roxanne Gay will be with me.
I've got Amber Tamblin.
I so I, you know, I feel the momentum starting.
It feels like the exact right moment for this film.
Ivy Mirapal, director and producer of the award-winning documentary Ask Egene.
Her past films include Heir to an Execution about the execution of her grandparents, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, executed in 1953.
Uh, she will be at QA's this weekend at the IFC Center here in New York.
Coming up, state officials in Minneapolis have charged an ice agent for shooting a Venezuelan immigrant than falsely reporting what happened back in 20 seconds.
Maybe he's the cara.
Que la Rosa Nova Stopa.
Maybe he's the Meadowabas.
Maybe he's the Caralinda.
Ida Cine.
Underan musician Carlata performing in our democracy now studio.
This is Democracy Now, Democracy Now.org.
I'm Amy Goodman.
And Minnesota prosecutors have filed criminal charges against an ICE officer who allegedly shot a Venezuelan immigrant in North Minneapolis during an immigration raid in January, then lied about what happened.
On Monday, the Hennepin County attorney Mary Moriarty announced federal agent Christian Castor will face four counts of second degree assault and one count of falsely reporting a crime.
Four counts of assault are a result of Mr.
Castro shooting through the front door of a residence with the intent to cause fear of immediate bodily harm or death to the four adults who were just inside the door.
These charges have activated a nationwide warrant for his arrest.
Venezuelan immigrant Julio Sosa Cela suffered a leg wound when Castor allegedly shot him through the door.
The Trump administration initially claimed that Castro fired in self-defense after accusing Sosa Celes and another man of beating an officer with a broom handle in a snow shovel.
A federal judge later dismissed those charges after video evidence clearly contradicted it.
This comes as Hennepin County prosecutors continue to investigate the killings of Nay Good and Alex Pretti by federal agents during the Trump administration's violent immigration enforcement campaign known as Operation Metro Surge.
Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison also addressed reporters Monday.
I think the first one is called En-Ray Nagel.
Uh, and they and they flow from there.
For more, we're joined in our New York studio by Emilio Gonzalez Apollo.
She is executive director of Unidos and Minnesota, uh grassroots organization that builds power with Minnesota's working families to advance social, racial, and economic justice.
She's here in New York.
She just received the Puffin Prize for Creative Citizenship on behalf of her group, hands off NYC, also was a recipient this year.
Melia, congratulations on the award.
As you're here, these charges are announced.
Talk about the significance of them.
It is really important to demonstrate that there are opportunities to continue to embody a functioning democracy when the crimes of people are meeting consequences, and that is what the institution of the Hennepin County Attorney's Office is trying to attempt here after several months of the federal government obstructing investigation of both the murders of Renee Good, Alex Purdy, and also the other crimes that this officer's committing during Operation Metrosarch and Operation Paris.
So talk about what it means to have state officials and what this video evidence was so that people understand.
Um officer, um, but in the case of Renee Good and Alex Pretti, who were killed, um, as they bore witness to what was happening on the ground.
Uh, Alex Pretti, the VA nurse, the mom, uh, Renee Good, um, they're having trouble, the state officials getting cooperation from the federal government who's taken the evidence.
Correct.
Since the beginning, they deployed false uh narratives, calling both Renee Good and Alex Pretty uh criminals and sendiaries, trying to polarize their identities uh for the public narrative that could benefit the federal government.
And uh they were also trying to hide the uh overreach and the violence, the vitriol in which federal agents were behaving on the ground, the amount of erosion of people's constitutional rights, uh the violations of people's constitutional rights also in during the tension and through the detention and the and the transportation of of immigrants into southern uh states for processing.
And so when we see that uh Minnesota was a place where civil society was prepared to record and bear witness, and they brought all of this activities and recordings to the light.
They they shared in the social media, they share with reporters, they shared with mainstream media, and so we had the evidence.
People, regular people had the evidence that the narrative that the federal government was putting out there was not only false, but also quite opposite to the type of um to the type of uh uh misguiding that that they were trying to uh misguide the regular Americans into believing that the Minnesotans were unruly and radical, and so now the county prosecutor has evidence from regular people, a neighbor that recorded that actually nobody used a shovel, that there was no use of force but a Venezuelan immigrant, that in fact it was an agent that shot through the door when there was a baby inside the home, several children inside the home, trying to figure out how to answer and ask if there was a warrant, if there was a judicial warrant, how to respond to the authorities.
All that was recorded by neighbors.
There were people trying to bear witness, they were eyewitnesses on the ground trying to bring these cases to light, and it was the people that equipped the county prosecutor to move the institution to embody the constitutional uh law and and in the body of the institution of Hennepin County to actually prosecute the wrongdoing of these officers, and that is that is what democracy looks like.
It looks like separation of powers and uh getting material consequences of grondoing.
Well, Emilio Gonzalez Avalos, thank you for being with us, executive director of Unidos, Minnesota, grassroots group that builds power with Minnesota's working families to advance social, racial, and economic justice.
We'll do an interview in Spanish and post it online at Democracy Now.org.
That does it for our show.
I'll be tonight at the IFC Center after the six o'clock screening of the film about democracy now.
Steal the story, please.
I'll be there with the director, Tia Lesson, and with the formerly known as Eve Ensler.
Tomorrow I'll also be there for a QA after the six o'clock screening at IFC Center with our own Democracy Now co-host Nermin Sheikh and the director, Tia Lesson, then to Boulder and Denver.
Check our website.
Welcome to Financial Fitness with the money doctor, Dr.
Francis Rayum.
You are not broken.
All right, you may be operating inside a system that isn't coordinated yet.
Okay.
And once you see that, everything begins to change.
Hi, it's Francis.
I just wanted to take a minute to thank you for watching this video.
If you're catching us on YouTube, please help us help others by clicking like, subscribe, and all notifications so you don't miss any videos.
And check back for the next video.
I think you're gonna love it.
Thanks again.
For more information, you can visit us at hugyourmoney.com.
It's time for financial fitness with the money doctor, Dr.
Francis Ram.
Hi.
Hi, Jess.
How's it going?
It's going well, and we're talking well, what are we talking about this week?
Well, it's interesting.
You know, today's show is a little bit different.
I know you're always so skilled at like, here's what we're talking about, but the show is a little bit different because you know, over the years I've worked with thousands of people, and I keep seeing the same pattern, right?
I kept seeing the same pattern again and again.
And surprisingly, uh it's not what people think, it's it's not about um it's not about income.
It's not even just about debt.
Okay.
Uh it's not really about managing your money well directly.
It's something much quieter.
And I'm teasing this because it's such a fun riddle, right?
Why what are all these gonna be?
But it's quieter.
It's something much quieter, but more profound, more powerful.
And so I finally have given it a name.
I call it the quiet pressure.
Okay.
Okay.
So today I want to talk about what that actually means and why it matters more to most people, uh, than anyone seems to realize.
This is this matters to almost every household.
The quiet pressure internally, you mean with people?
Yes, internally, but um produced by an external well, number of external forces, okay.
Okay.
So until I gave it a name, it was sort of in the background, kind of like our own finances are, right?
Until we name the problem, it's just hanging around there in the background.
But here's the thing.
S in most of the people I talk to, they say something seems off even when they seem to be doing okay financially.
And they're proud of that.
And my credit score is good, I'm paying my bills on time, I'm contributing to my retirement, my kids are going to good schools.
They got the whole American dream going on.
And they will still tell me, where does the money go?
Why doesn't it feel like I'm getting anywhere?
I just have a sense that something is that not as good as it could be, that there's something better that I don't have access to in some way.
And most people I think don't actually sit down to analyze it.
And so what happens is it just keeps keeps on keeping on, and that's what I call the quiet pressure.
Okay.
Um it's a it's a uh elusive idea.
So we're gonna talk about it in little bits and pieces today, but at no point will I point my finger to one thing.
I just felt like at no point will my hands leave my wrists, right?
At no point will I point my finger to one thing and say that is the quiet pressure.
Okay.
But here's an example.
We are resigned as a society to expect our mortgage to take fifteen years, 30 years, whatever it is.
We we see our finances in very linear fashion.
Okay.
Isolated.
Okay, so we accept that a mortgage is whatever the term we got for it is.
It's five and a half percent for fifteen years.
That's our mortgage.
We accept that a car payment is you know, four years, six years, whatever it is.
We see them in isolated chunks because that's how they're presented to us.
Right.
Right.
That's lots of things.
You have to be able to afford this payment every month and then you can have this thing.
Yeah, doesn't that seem right?
Yeah.
Yeah.
Okay.
None of that is coordinated in some way.
So I'm gonna use a few terms today that um that maybe I use differently.
I I've created them as a framework, a language, to describe what this quiet pressure is so that we can do something about it.
Mm-hmm.
So they're words you'll know, like coordination, right?
Right.
But I'm using them a little bit differently.
So it's not coordinated, and uh in other words, Jess, when you go to get your mortgage, sure they pull your credit report and they see what your debt to income ratio is at that moment, as a snapshot.
Right.
There's no future coordination.
They don't check in with you every year going, Hey Jess, how's the price of groceries?
Mm-hmm.
Yeah.
Are you still making your mortgage payment?
Okay, they don't care.
If they get their payment, they're done, right?
Right.
There's nothing that is coordinated between, let's say, the debt and the retirement.
So people decide, uh, I have to max out my 401k or I'm never gonna be able to retire.
Mm-hmm.
So let me just put as much money as I can in my 401k.
Right.
Does anybody say how's your cash flow doing?
Can you actually afford that?
Are you racking up credit card debt because there's not enough money in your take home pay?
Mm-hmm.
Okay.
Then you add to that things like health care.
Who talks to you about affordability and health care?
This is what it costs.
You have to have it.
Good luck.
Right, and that's another thing that's gone up so much this year that it's really hurting people.
Yeah, exactly.
So, so the first layer of this quiet pressure that we're talking about today, is that lack of coordination.
That lack of a wide lens that allows you to see your entire financial picture in any effective way.
Okay.
The closest we come to this, this was almost an epiphany to me, Jess.
I I'll explain about the book in a minute, but obviously I've written a book about this called The Quiet Pressure.
Okay.
Another book, yes.
Yes, just released, actually.
But this show really isn't about the book, it's about what inspired me to write this book.
Okay.
And what inspired me to write this book is the realization that all of the people I've been dealing with individually, work for someone or work for themselves.
They are part of a collective workforce.
Right.
Okay.
And that workforce is what keeps America running.
Mm-hmm.
Not just that's what keeps America running.
And we're not well financially.
I I could say it softer than that, but I think most people would agree that if you're in the workforce, you at some point are concerned about your finances.
Mm-hmm.
So what's fascinating about that to me, Jess, is this is not um, it's kind of like cancer.
Doesn't care who it chooses, right?
Mm-hmm.
Financial stress, even though people without much money won't believe it of people with much money, uh doesn't care about industry.
It doesn't care about income.
It doesn't care about gender or race or anything else.
It affects people in the same way, that same internal pressure, regardless of what their set of challenges are.
For some people that's food insecurity, right?
It's as basic as how am I going to feed my family?
Right.
And for others, it's uh I've saved half a million dollars, but I don't know if that's enough for me to retire and I'm really worried I won't be able to retire.
Mm-hmm.
That seems absurd to people, you know, like how can that possibly be affecting people the same way?
If I had $500,000, my problems would be gone.
Right.
But the fact of the matter is people experience things differently and everything is relative.
Yeah.
So my uh hypothesis, proven over many years, though, I'll call it a hypothesis, is that um employees carry to the job, not just their skills, not just their experience, but the financial timeline with which they live.
Right.
Uh and we we call this distraction that employees often have at work, whether anybody is logging these numbers or not, uh, there's a term for it, and I didn't make it up.
It's called presenteism.
Presenteism.
Okay.
Okay.
Not absenteeism, which can of course happen from financial stress.
It's presenteism.
It's being at work while your mind is not quite there.
Right.
Your mind is busy worrying about all those things we're talking about, okay.
I did actually end up writing a book about this, my new book, The Quiet Pressure.
How normalized financial stress is shaping today's workforce.
Yes.
Okay.
Because that's exactly the point.
How normalized financial stress is shaping today's workforce.
Not how financial crisis is causing people to stay home.
Right.
This is affecting most people at some level.
And the problem is we have normalized it.
We have accepted that your mortgage might take 15 years, that you have to make extra payments to be able to get something to be paid off faster.
That you will never be able to stick to a budget.
Um that your company offers a retirement plan, but you just can't find the money to go into it because you're not like those other people who have extra money.
We we accept these things as a given, but I think at its core, the the thing I've objected to so many times and continue to defend people about, is this inference that if you're having any kind of money stress, worries, challenge, it you are to blame for it.
Now alone.
Okay, now I'm not I'm not trying to say, look, it's nobody's fault, you know, you make all the world's worst decisions and you're you don't have any responsibility.
That's not what I'm saying.
What I am saying is that it is it's not what people point the finger at, which is, you know what, Jess?
If you just made better decisions, you wouldn't have these problems.
You should be or you cut out this and this and this from your budget.
Yeah.
It so they think it's behavioral and static.
Like you said, cut this out and you'll be fine.
Financial outcomes are rarely determined in a single decision.
They're the cumulative result of thousands of small choices, uh, made under varying levels of stress, um, with the limited information we get, I guess, uh, and constraint.
Right?
We're we're in this tight little box.
I my kids are aging and I have to get them to Disney before they're too old to enjoy it.
Everything is is in this short timeline.
So if help is only offered at the company level, and it and many companies are doing this now, offering financial wellness benefits, mostly as an add-on.
Okay.
So if help is only offered at the company level at the point where breakdown happens, where crisis happens, um, then people have to get past the stigma of telling their employer they're in trouble, that's hard, or they have to say, I will reach out to one of these resources and bear my soul to a stranger.
Uh it's always hard.
And this is where I really feel empathetic and sympathetic with the workforce.
If that's what really happens, then becoming capable, the more capable a person is.
Well, and I think sometimes too, employees there might be a little trepidation about going to tell your employer you're in trouble because then you feel like it makes you vulnerable.
You can accept what they're whatever they're gonna get to you because they know you need that job.
So I think there's a fear there.
You know, there was a gentleman who was kind enough to uh come into the studio and record his thoughts about this, and he was very brave and very honest.
Um, and he said it best, I think.
When I'm at work and all I'm thinking about is how to make a car payment, how to pay my son's tuition or my daughter's future tuition.
It's incredibly distracting.
I can't really be fully present for my students.
And they see it.
I know they see it because they ask me.
These are teenagers asking me an adult if I'm okay.
And as much as I try to hide it, they know me well enough, and that also makes me feel bad because they shouldn't be taking care of me.
You know what I mean?
It's my job to take care of them.
I know, it's really bad.
And I just how do you say this to your employer?
I'm sure my employers understand.
I'm sure they know that this is going on, but I know of people who have not come to work because financial stress has made them sick.
I know people who come to work with financial stress on their mind.
So you know, I'm grateful to him for just teeing it up and saying what was really true about how do you say this to your employer?
So when we come back, let's talk more about this quiet pressure.
Okay, in the meantime, can we get your phone number?
Sure.
413 773 333.
And you can go to Hug Your Money.com and you can also get the brand new book wherever books are available if you want to hold that up again.
The quiet pressure is available on Amazon in paperback, hardcover, Kindle, and soon to be audio format.
So more financial fitness to come next on Franklin County Now.com.
Financial Fitness with the Money Doctor is underwritten by Franklin County Technical School.
We build futures.
Visit FCTS.us or call 413 863 9561.
Welcome back to Financial Fitness.
I'm Jess Tyler along with the money doctor, Dr.
Francis Ram.
Hi.
Hi, Jess.
I'm fired up.
Yeah, well, we're kind of talking about the inspiration behind your brand new book and about companies getting involved.
I do have a couple of questions, but first the name of the book.
The quiet pressure.
How normalized financial stress is shaping today's workforce.
All right.
Question for you from what we were talking about with employers offering financial services.
If I'm an employer listening, and I know you and I have talked about this before, so I know the answer, but if I'm an employer listening to us right now, and I'm saying I don't want to get involved in my employees' finances, that's their business, that's their problem.
Tell everyone why it benefits the employer as well.
Well, it certainly does benefit the employer, but first let me just say they don't need to be involved in your finances.
And in fact, uh keeping your privacy is not uh an option, it's paramount.
It should be structural.
And the structural is the reason that it matters to employers.
So I'll give you an example.
Uh we talked about presenteism.
Your people are coming to work, their mind is somewhere else, whatever.
In in severe cases, it bothers their health, all of that.
But when I say it's structural, let me use this in as an example, and I do use this in the book.
If you're a company, you don't ask your employees if they'd like to opt into health care.
It's put in as infrastructure because it's too risky for you to have employees with catastrophic illnesses that aren't covered.
You won't have a workforce left.
People get sick, right?
Yeah.
You also integrate something for cybersecurity as infrastructure.
You don't pick up cybersecurity once you've been attacked.
You don't say, hey, we got a problem, let's call the cybersecurity people.
Right.
You put it in as infrastructure because it's too risky not to have it, even though you might not need it ever.
Right.
You might not need it for a year, what it's insurance.
Okay.
So in this case, if you know that your workforce has to deal with money, and pretty much every workforce has to deal with money, then you can pretty much assume that they are worried about it at some time at some level for almost everyone in your company.
Now, the question is what is that costing you?
I can tell you that the data says between two to four hours per week per employee is lost on this stuff.
Yeah.
Wow.
No, yeah, nobody will believe that, but if you're the problem is it's so hard to see.
Mm-hmm.
You know, you can ask your employees, are they stressed out about money?
And what are they gonna say?
They're not gonna tell you if they're stressed out about money unless they're really at crisis, right?
Yeah.
So what happens is employers put these plans in place, these financial wellness add-ons.
You know, here's a bank of calculators, here's a referral to somebody.
Here's this a webinar.
But they are judged by things that companies can see.
They're judged by how many people enrolled, how many people showed up, how many people utilize this stuff, and based on those things, that's how they judge whether it's effective or not.
I'm here to say that financial wellness at this level, when we're talking about coordination and sequencing, which we haven't even gotten into yet, but when you when you apply what I'm talking about in the quiet pressure, as infrastructure, then your way of understanding whether it is working or not as an employer, isn't about how many people click the button.
It's about what is changing.
Are people less distracted at work?
Are your are your timelines, you know, are they able to see out into the future more when really what they've been doing is asking a lot of questions about a short-term project.
Because they're thinking in those terms.
You know, people under financial stress don't think about the future in a rosy way.
They think about now.
Right.
And that translates it all carries with these people into work, no matter how skillful somebody is, how committed, how loyal, uh, how capable.
They are carrying this quiet pressure and it is affecting the workforce.
And it turns out that it's very affordable.
I mean, really inexpensive for companies to do this.
In fact, in some cases, companies don't pay for it, they just offer it to their employees.
So it's free for a company to do it, right?
I want to be very clear about this.
I'm not saying, look, throw out all those benefits you're paying for and and you know, get the hug plan.
That's not what I'm saying.
What I'm saying is the problem is in the uncoordination and the lack of sequencing.
Okay.
So if you can apply something like what we're talking about in the quiet pressure, to coordinate the benefits you've already got and apply sequencing, which I'm just going to talk about now, to apply sequencing in a way that is um scalable, then you then you really start to address something.
So let's talk about sequencing.
Sequencing is the order in which these decisions get made, right?
You could say, my financial wellness benefits are coordinated, I get them all through my EAP.
They're all, you know, they coordinate that.
I don't care about that.
But it's really unlikely that sequencing at all is involved.
In other words, think of it like levers.
Okay.
If I pull this lever to my budget, this lever over here changes, right?
Right.
Sequencing cares about that.
Typical benefits don't.
So if you pull the budget lever, your retirement account doesn't care.
You know, suddenly gas prices have gone up.
Do you change your retirement contributions?
Not likely, not until it becomes a crisis.
So what I'm talking about is something that you put in place, um, like health care, like uh cybersecurity, as infrastructure, because it is so important to your workforce, but it requires this is tough because it requires an employer, a CEO, uh an HR team, somebody in the C suite level, with some vision and some empathy.
I don't want to say those who don't do it don't care about their people, but you have to care about your workforce, at least at the level of, hey, if my fork workforce was better, felt better, felt happier, you know, they'd come to work and my I would my bottom line would be increased.
It's not a morale initiative, it's not a pep talk.
We're talking about giving people that for 18 or 19 years, I've been hearing in almost every appointment.
Why didn't I know about this?
How come nobody teaches about this?
I've got some stuff through work, I go to a webinar, but I can't apply it.
Right.
So that's an important point.
Financial wellness benefits that are out there are great.
I'm glad that they're there.
What I'm talking about is the missing piece.
Okay.
So let me let me um say this because we're talking about levers.
You can go to a financial wellness webinar that teaches you about compound interest rates at work.
That doesn't change the fact that you your debt is still taking you forever to pay.
Right.
You understand compound interest rates, but nothing changed on your side.
That kind of thing adds to the pressure.
Because now you feel like, geez, I not only was doing everything right in the beginning, I'm gathering as much knowledge as I can, I'm trying to apply this stuff, and I still can't do it.
Hmm.
Or I'm still failing at it.
Yeah, yeah.
Oh, I hate that word, failing, yeah.
So I just think that, you know, people really do need to understand.
If you're feeling like you're doing everything right, and you're still not getting ahead.
If there's one takeaway from this, you are not broken.
All right.
You may be operating inside a system that isn't coordinated yet.
Okay.
And once you see that, everything begins to change.
Mm-hmm.
And you know, I could go into a lot of history and we don't have time to do it, but I will just say that there has been a major shift in the responsibility individuals have about their money.
From a time in the mid-century where companies had pensions and people worked for one company for a long time.
They got their pension.
That was it.
They cared about, you know, raising their kids and doing their their ledger sheet was a lot simpler.
Household budget was simpler.
Way simpler.
We used to get a little book and write down what you, you know, your 10 things you had to pay that month, okay.
But once we started to get rid of pensions and shift into 401ks and 403Bs and 457 plans.
And put the burden of health insurance and disability and other things, dental insurance, everything on the employee.
We didn't give people any education about this, Jess.
We just said, hey, we're not doing this anymore.
It's up to you.
Right.
And so we've we've done this in a way that the system has become very fragmented.
And we expect of people that they now have to do their own sequencing, which is the order and which decisions are made.
Now they have to do their own sequencing, their own coordination, and their own uh implementing of these plans, with very little uh experience or resources.
And all I'm saying is it doesn't have to be that way.
There's a there is a way to do it.
I've written 300 pages about it, right?
Right.
I mean, if you're an employer and you're listening to this, you know, download the Kindle version if you don't want to buy the hardcover.
That's fine, but but take a look at this because it could really it might be the highest ROI benefit you add this year.
Okay.
Yeah.
Uh initially.
Well, when you're talking two to four hours per person per week, you know, even if you have ten employees, there's a whole 40 hour week done.
Yes.
I I mean we could talk about this forever, but when you said even if you have ten employees, it comes to mind that uh I was recently talking to a small veterinarian clinic, and she said to me, Oh, I would give this to my employees because you know what?
Most of the time they have to go to Tufts or they want to go to Tufts or someplace because of the pay, and I can't compete.
But our average person just applying this coordination and sequencing, the average person saves a couple hundred thousand dollars.
Wow.
It's a benefit, it's a real benefit.
So, yeah.
You know, it's really uh I would encourage anybody who who has an interest if this resonates with anybody.
Um, of course I go much deeper in the book, and I I just hope that that it a great employer hears it, uh, says, You know what?
I've been seeing that at my own Yeah, I've been seeing it at my own company.
Uh I feel like I'm doing everything right, and yet, you know, my bottom line isn't c increasing.
My company isn't growing at the rate I expected it to.
I can't see it on the page.
What is going on?
You know what?
It's structural.
Look at your workforce.
Well, on a side note, congratulations on book two is no easy feat writing a book, and how are you feeling after after getting it done?
I know that that's a lot of uh it's a lot of hard work.
Thank you.
Actually it's book three.
Oh, book three, okay.
Book three.
Well, general live and then you revised that.
I did.
So it's really two and a half, I would say.
Yes.
Uh thank you.
It's it's feels good to have it done.
Um I made jokes about it as I was doing it, uh, because it was uh an intense book to write, and I wanted it to be a light enough read for people, but still make the point.
So I was referring it to a my own quiet pressure.
Yeah.
It was my own quiet pressure.
So yeah, it feels great to have it out and available.
Um, and people can get it on Amazon.com, uh, or they can call us and we'll get them a copy.
Yeah.
Alright.
And what is the phone number to call you?
Sure.
413 773 333.
And you can go to Hug Your Money dot com.
All right, thank you so much.
Thank you.
I just want to add for employers when you go to Hug Your Money dot com slash groups.
Perfect.
Easy.
Thank you.
We'll have more financial fitness next week on Franklin County Now.com.
Have you ever seen the show Severance?
No.
Okay, so there's the show Severance on Apple, um, with Adam Scott is in it.
But basically, it's and I can't remember the details of what exactly they do, but they put it some kind of chip or something in people so that when you get to work, you have no memories of your outside life.
So you just focus on work, and then when you leave work, it switches you back to so you have no memory of work, and it's employers are the employers in this sci-fi show are doing this because of what you're talking about, where people are so distracted at work by relationships and money and all these other things.
They want them just focused on their work like bots almost.
And so it's this it's a really good show.
Wow, that's great.
Yeah, it's really right up the alley of what you're talking about.
But employer like employers don't get any ideas, all right.
Um, but it's really really kind of scary when you think about it, because every employer would love to do that.
Yeah, you know.
Well, could be easier than that.
But yes.
Yeah, yeah, exactly.
Thank you, Jess.
So interesting.
Of course.
Well, it's good to see your face.
Thanks, you two.
Financial fitness with the money doctor is underwritten by Hug Your Money.
Permission granted, chase your dream.
Will you help us spread the word about financial fitness?
Please like, subscribe, and choose all.
Thank you.
Francis Rahum.
Five point eight billion dollars has been lost to fraud.
And that was more than a 70, 7.0, Jess, percent increase from 2020.
Because the systems are designed to catch you off guard.
It's not a failure of intelligence, it's an engineered moment.
Hi, it's Francis.
I just wanted to take a minute to thank you for watching this video.
If you're catching us on YouTube, please help us help others by clicking like, subscribe, and all notifications so you don't miss any videos and check back for the next video.
I think you're gonna love it.
Thanks again.
For more information, you can visit us at hugyourmoney.com.
It's Jess, and it's time for financial fitness with the money doctor, Dr.
Francis Ram.
Hello.
Hello, Jess.
How are you?
I am doing good.
And today we're talking about a topic very near and dear to me because I think I get, I don't know, three or four of these a day.
Talking basically scams or scam emails, right?
All kinds of scams, uh, actually.
And the reason we're talking about it, and believe me, I don't want to come on the air and talk about scams anymore.
I would love to talk about something more interesting.
But uh, well, let me put it this way.
Here's how bad they've gotten, okay.
First of all, they are slicker than ever, and they're using real uh email addresses, all the things I've told you about in the past, like hey, don't click the link, watch the email, you know.
Right, it might be one letter off, all that.
Oh my gosh.
Now they're legit.
They're getting harder and harder to tell apart, even in voice.
And so I'm going to give you a three-step process that you can use every time to protect yourself from this as we go through it.
And I'll repeat it a couple of times so that you folks will get it.
Um but just to just to put this into perspective.
Um, I've always said, you know, after you discover one of these scams, you should report it to the Federal Trade Commission.
You should still do that, but you should not expect a response because they are so overloaded that in fact the data we're getting is so old.
It is 2026 when we're filming this, right?
Yeah.
From 2021 that says five point eight billion dollars has been lost to fraud.
And that was more than a 70 7-0% increase from 2020.
So when I come on the air and I'm saying, you know, we're talking about scams.
I am not talking to people who are um technologically unsavvy or people who are undisciplined or people who are sloppy or people who panic easily.
I'm talking to everybody.
Just this morning, I got a serious message from my assistant saying, Hey, Francis, there's an email in your inbox from Microsoft.
Uh, there's been an attempt, you need to you need to go and check on it.
But now they're legitimate email addresses.
So you can't even say, Hey, uh, is this address real?
If you stop watching the show at this point, I want you to walk away with one thing.
Okay.
Do not click the link.
Can I just do a little sidebar here for a second?
Yes.
This to me, anyway, is so frustrating because we're all doing a million things.
When I get an email, the fact that you've got to turn into Nancy Drew.
Yes.
Figure out whether it's real or not.
And and the other thing is then if there really was an important email coming through, we're so prone to not believe it that and that just gets so frustrating.
Because they these folks all do the same thing.
They send something that if you don't act on it could cause you a problem.
So they are designed for you to react to them, not to make a decision, to react.
That's their job is to get you to react.
And if they can to get you to react under pressure, right?
Yeah.
So that irritates me to begin with.
And then I worry from a business standpoint that we are sending legitimate emails to people who have asked us questions or to people who are in our system who need to know about something important.
And I'm I'm afraid that they won't open it.
Right.
I mean, it's really this is really bad.
And everybody is walking around saying, geez, with AI now we don't know what is real and what is not real.
We're gonna go into that more.
Uh, but that's getting scarier too.
I'll tell you that I've had two scam attempts come to me in the last two days, and it's why I'm on on top of this.
One of them came inbound from a friend of mine.
He's somebody who comes to hear our band often, and he feels friendly, and so he reached out to me and said, Francis, I discovered this great financial thing you should know about.
Oh boy, yeah, parts of pennies.
Now, remember the movie um office space?
I don't know if you ever saw it.
Okay, I did.
Yeah, this is always shows up in movies.
Parts of pennies have been have been scaled off the top, scraped off the top, and they're being stored somewhere and they add up to lots of money.
Okay, so of course, it's he's got a video on this that seems seems government related.
And you know, you all you have to do to get your parts of pennies is go to this website, put in your information, and see how much money is being held for you.
In his case, he came back to me and he said, It's two thousand dollars.
Oh, that sounds exciting.
Wouldn't you like that?
Yeah, so let me just say that everything is not a scam.
If you're listening to this show or watching the show right now, there is a legitimate site in every state that you can go to and find missing money that is actually yours.
Oh, right, yes.
It doesn't come from parts of a penny that the government set off to the side somewhere waiting for you to claim it.
That does not happen.
Just usually some account you've forgotten about or some interest in something, right?
That's somebody left you money, they couldn't find you.
You move too often, they can't find your address.
Those are legitimate things.
I have found money for people like that many times, uh, relatives and and whatnot.
So you can always do that now.
Now just look in your state, but make sure it's a dot gov address.
Uh, I think it's in Massachusetts.
Uh, don't quote me on this, but I think it's find mass money.gov, I think.
Okay.
Uh, but just Google it to make it.
Double check.
Yeah, yeah.
So it's not always a scam, but when you combine hope with urgency, oh boy, you got a magic combination there.
So the two scam attempts.
So this guy sends me the thing and it's got a video, and it says he's got two thousand dollars, and he's already put in his social security number.
Oh no.
Well, keep watching because I will tell you that that's not the end of the world.
There are things you can do to protect yourself, even if you've clicked the link or given up your information.
Okay.
Okay.
But for right now, let's just talk about the scams for a moment.
So he gets this, and I send him back a message with all the little red flags that I think this might be a scam because.
And thankfully, it stops him in his track before he gives anybody any money to get his money back.
Another scam we've talked about recently where somebody says you have to be at a certain level in order to get your money out of your account.
And so if you add more money to it, you'll be able to get your money out.
Never happens.
When I'm saying this, it sounds like I'm being judgmental or like uh nobody would ever fall for this.
But evidently it isn't true.
I mean Yeah, no, I mean you do all the time.
And the ones that I've been getting lately, um, it gives you like a little bit of hope, like it'll be I just got one from ATT yesterday that said I want an iPad, and I'm like, Well, I've been a very good customer for years.
I deserve an iPad, but I knew the chances of that being true are are slim to none and it was none.
It's true, but you know, imagine now couple that.
This is how these things happen, Jess, and it's a very good point.
Couple that with the fact that you might have just been at a website looking for an iPad, and there might have even been an ad off to the side that said something like, register to win an iPad.
There's some there are reasons that these things come together in a way that a totally responsible, reasonable, intelligent, careful person still gets scammed.
Or Jess.
Fair enough.
Fair enough.
That's you're too self-effacing.
But yeah, I think, you know, you can't just look at somebody who who was taken by a scam and think they got duped because they're an idiot.
They are not an idiot.
The scams are getting more and more clever because they're looking for higher net worth individuals with professional jobs who are very busy who will just have somebody else do that.
Mm-hmm.
If my assistant did not contact me this morning and say, because she's been taught to do this, right, and say there's a an email in your inbox that you'll have to go and do this.
It said it was from Pakistan.
Maybe I'll even put the email up.
It said it was from Pakistan.
Uh it said it was an unusual access attempt, and that if I did not respond, then they would continue to allow access from this person or these this company.
Now that's not quite scamish like it used to be in the past, where it would say, if you don't respond, we're gonna close your account right away.
Yeah.
You you could spot that a mile away.
Microsoft is not gonna close your account if you don't respond to an email.
That was kind of silly.
Now they're sending it from a legitimate email address, and they're saying if you don't respond, that's okay, but we're gonna let this Pakistan person continue to access your um account.
Your account.
And so that creates a sense of urgency, especially on a morning when I'm getting ready to be on the air, and my assistant Sherry is busy trying to go through emails.
It would have been so easy to say, did you check the email address?
Yeah, it was legit.
Okay, click it and do it.
Right.
Thankfully, I just stopped.
It just it just seemed to me that Pakistan was a little too on the nose.
You know, and I was like, okay, you know that somebody is attempting to access my account from Pakistan.
Okay.
So anyway, all I'm saying is there's no judgment here.
You should not feel embarrassed.
You should not feel ashamed to say something.
If you don't, you're only helping the next person get scammed.
Mm-hmm.
Yeah.
We don't start fighting back against this.
These are just gonna get worse and worse and worse.
And I think sometimes some of these hackers or people that are doing this count on that.
They count on the pe the fact that people will be embarrassed and not spread the word about it.
And then they can keep doing it.
They d they do.
Now, I will tell you that this email was rather interesting to me because uh because it allowed you to go, you know, I looked it up on on the web and I said, Is this a legitimate address?
Yes, it is, but of course, I wasn't gonna click the link.
So I then I went, I had to find my way, which was not easy, I have to say, to this specific Microsoft area where I could find out whether my account had been accessed or not, my recent activity.
And when I put the email in that they sent in the email to me, they said your email address such and such has been accessed.
When I put that email address in, even though it was one of our old email addresses, it wasn't in the Microsoft recent activity thing.
So you really, I'm totally with you.
I hate that you have to keep doing this to, you know, save yourself.
And in the case of this gentleman who sent me the video, you know, he spent time doing this.
He was excited about it.
He was going to get $2,000 of his own money.
And you know, what's interesting about that is that he wasn't sending it to you to say, is this a scam?
He really believed it, right?
Uh you know, he was helping me out.
Francis, look at this great financial thing you should see.
And you know, he was so sweet.
When I wrote back to him, I said, I hope I'm not overstepping, but here's what I think.
Um, you know, he came back to me thanking me for saving him, and you know, all of that nice stuff that that kind people do, but I just was like, boy, I I don't know how many times I've talked about these, but they just keep evolving, they just keep getting more and more sophisticated, and I'm getting really concerned that people who would never have fallen for anything, top, top-level people who are, you know, managing all the plates in the air all the time, are because they are not touching everything themselves, their companies, their people, they're all gonna get scammed because somebody else is gonna click the link or do whatever.
I mean, the amount of training you have to do to keep up on these things is absurd.
And they're hitting you from all angles, it's not just email.
Like, I get texts all the time, like saying I owe tolls.
You know, you just get those kinds of from every direction, yeah.
Yep, and it'll be a place that I lived before, but haven't been in years.
That's right.
You know what I mean?
Yeah, other things from even where I haven't lived.
So I know we have to go to break, but I just want to say um, so I leave people with these three things that they can do every time.
So, you know, you don't need to be careless anymore, you just need to be human, and I think we all are.
So I'm gonna give you a three-step process you can use in every single case, a filter.
I call it save SAV.
There's no E on it.
You can execute for E if you want to, but I recommend S for stop, separate from the message.
Don't click that link, right?
Just separate from the message.
Okay, A is for assess or ask yourself.
Ask yourself, what am I feeling right now?
Am I feeling a sense of urgency?
Do I feel walk away?
Calm down about it, okay?
And then the last one is V S A V Save, verify, check, check inside from inside your account, not from the email.
Just go to a direct link and check.
So SAV.
Okay, excellent.
Let's get your phone number.
Sure, it's 413 773 3333.
You can go to Hug Your Money.com.
We'll be back with more from the money doctor, Dr.
Francis Ram on Financial Fitness.
Financial fitness with the money doctor is underwritten by Franklin County Technical School.
We build futures.
Visit FCTS.us or call 413 863 9561.
Welcome back to Financial Fitness.
I'm Jess along with the money doctor, Dr.
Francis Ram.
Hi.
Hi, Jess.
And we're talking about spending money on discovering whether these emails or texts are real or not.
Yeah, we're talking about losing money to scams and how sophisticated uh they've gotten.
And I was just saying that this morning I got one that was from a legitimate email address.
And so even if you check it and it looks legitimate, which is what we used to say, don't click the link if the email isn't legitimate, even if it's legitimate now, you gotta go check it.
So uh I am giving a three-step process for people so that they can use this as a filter in every single case, and we call it save S-A-V.
S is for just stop, separate from the email.
A is assess.
Ask yourself how am I feeling?
Am I feeling nervous?
Am I feeling like there's a sense of urgency?
If you are, step away, okay.
And then V is to verify it.
Never ever, ever click the link.
Copy it, paste it, research it, do whatever you gotta do, unless you know, like you get an email from us and you asked us a question and we sent you a link.
Okay, you're gonna be fine clicking that.
Right.
But if you don't know the person sending you the email, you go to the web and verify it inside your own account.
Okay.
There are three places to go for help on this, and I'll give these again at the end.
But FTC.gov, the Federal Trade Commission has a report fraud uh um place on their website that's perfect for this.
There's an identity theft resource center.
These are all free that I'm telling you about.
ID ITRC, identity theft resource center, and that's at ID theft Center.org.
Okay.
Does a free thing as well.
Uh they have a fraud watch network, which is great for real-time alerts and things.
So FTC, the uh Identity Theft Resource Center and AARP are good places to go for free support on this stuff, and to educate yourself about it.
So let's talk about what's actually happening out there right now and what the most common scams are and why they are working so well.
So, you know, if you know what to look for, this becomes much easier.
But we need to walk through a few of the big things.
So, like the ones I received, right?
The one of the things you see is there's been an unusual login attempt.
Right, red flag, unusual login attempt.
It might be a legitimate unusual login attempt.
That's why people can scam you.
They hide in the truth, right?
Or someone accessed your account.
Right, I got that too.
And it was opened uh from another country.
So those three things were all at work in the one email I got this morning, or that Sherry got.
Um, and it will always say click here immediately, right?
Because these three things are the things that you're having.
So there's a s a sense of authority, there's a sense of urgency, and there's always a sense of fear.
Right.
Like someone's gonna keep using your account if you don't do this right now.
Yeah, you shouldn't be getting an email from anybody that causes you to feel urgency and fear, especially if they're in a position of authority.
Okay, so as soon as you feel your emotions, you know, bubble up and you're thinking, oh, I have to act immediately, close the lid, walk away from the computer, stop the phone, whatever.
Okay.
Now money waiting for you is one of the scams.
Like the ones we were talking about in an earlier segment.
One money is waiting for you.
Somewhere there, somebody has died and left you money, uh, they've scraped pen parts of pennies off and they're waiting on the side.
You just forgot that you won the lottery, you won something of value, whatever it is, if there is money waiting for you, uh, you you probably know about it already.
So what you're saying is the Nigerian Prince does not want to gift me millions.
As old as that is, it is still the same premise.
It's still the same premise.
Yeah.
Uh yeah.
If you deposit, if you let us deposit money into your account, and then we'll clear it from your account, but we're only gonna take part of it, and what's left is yours, right?
Scam, scam, scam all the way.
Okay.
So you have money waiting, you have a refund, you have an overpayment, you have unclaimed funds.
All of those are scams.
Unless you're able to research it separately.
You call your local bank.
Do I really have money in my account?
You check with your broker.
Is this really true?
Right?
Check with someone you know in person.
And while I'm thinking of it, that's another good way to um protect yourself, is to use a second source.
Like if some if you get a text from somebody and you're worried if it's a scam, call them up.
Send them an email, don't do it through the same thread.
So double up on your your ways that you're responding to people.
Um, and here's a really subtle part.
It doesn't feel like a scam for those money things because it feels like a pleasant surprise.
Right.
Yeah.
So, you know, there's hope and curiosity together, is a majorly dangerous thing, right?
I hope this is gonna work, and I'm curious.
And what I really detest about that is that we often hear about hug your money that people are very hopeful, and that they were just curious.
They went in and filled out the form and saw the numbers.
I don't want those two things squashed for people or quashed for people, right?
Those are good things to have, hope and curiosity get me up in the morning, right?
Those are the two things to have.
So this is why I really think scams are far more dangerous than just the money that people lose.
Is that I feel like we're losing part of our um our human edge because we're being taken advantage of so so often like this.
So anyway, that's just an incredibly powerful combination.
Now there's another thing that is happening a lot now called smishing.
Have you heard this term?
Smishing.
Is it a combination of fishing and something else?
It is very good.
It's a combination of fishing, which by the way is PH, fishing, which came from, you know, we're gonna throw a line in the water and cast some things, but it actually came little history lesson actually actually came from freaking, P-H-R-E-A-K-I-N-G.
Freaking was an old term when they were scamming on the telephone, believe it or not.
Oh, okay.
I had heard that.
Telecom stuff, that's where fishing came from.
Started out as freaking, went to fishing, and now we have smishing, which is SMS, which is short messaging, short message service.
That's what SMS stands for.
Short message service, and the end of of fishing, the ishing part, mashed together, right?
So now we have another fun term, smishing.
Smis sorry, smishing.
It's hard to say.
Anyway, smishing is exactly that.
It's short message, it's texting scams.
Okay.
Yeah.
So it's a different delivery, it's the exact same hook.
And they'll switch numbers on you too.
I don't know if you've noticed this.
Like, I'll do stop, and then it'll say, Can you report junk and I hit report junk?
And then you see a number that's like one number off calling again.
So they don't give up.
They don't give up.
I mean, even now, here's how things have evolved.
It used to be that they spoofed numbers.
They would send you a message from a number that you knew so that you believe it was a person.
They don't even bother doing that anymore.
They just keep here's a no number, a new number, a new because there's no regulation stopping them.
You can't find these people.
So you have to be on your diligence game here.
Um, here's one I get all the time.
Your package couldn't be delivered because your bank needs verification.
Click here.
Uh they they do these things that are so dangerous because in texts, the really dangerous thing is we trust text more than we trust email.
Because we think somebody got our personal number and we don't normally give that out.
Just like, and we all have like that email address where if you're signing up to get a 15% code, you all put that email address in.
Um, but you don't normally do that for your phone.
No, that's absolutely true.
And and that's exactly the the strange combination, it feels personal and it feels immediate.
Now, here's the big, really, really, really creepy one that I think we're in for it on this.
Okay.
AI voice impersonation scams.
I haven't gotten that yet, I don't think.
It's coming, Jeff.
It's coming.
This one's really growing quickly because someone will call you and say, Mom, I need help.
Oh, I have heard about this, yes, and especially to grandparents saying like to send it so because they think they have money.
Send money.
Uh, this is your boss, send this right away.
Mm-hmm.
There was a story, I forget who it was, Lamborghini, Ferrari, somebody big, uh, who stopped themselves from 700,000 being transferred or something because they got a call from someone who sounded like their person in their in their employee, and they said send this money right away.
And the guy was smart, and the guy said, I was just in your office yesterday, you had a book on the shelf, what was it?
And he didn't get scammed.
But can you imagine in a busy day?
And this is what I'm talking about.
This is gonna hit everybody.
This is not just you know, somebody who's sitting at home who's never uses a computer and isn't savvy and clicks a link.
We're talking about they're coming after us all because it's money is so big, billions and billions of dollars every year that people are losing to this.
So I'm here talking about how do we save?
How do we protect our assets?
How do we, you know, relieve the quiet pressure of of having that stuff dog us on our way to work?
And here we are losing billions of dollars a year, just a scams.
So, so that's why I'm talking about them.
So every one of these scams is designed to trigger a reaction.
Right.
Not a decision.
They don't care what your decision is, they just care that you click the link.
After that, they've got you on the hook.
So the question becomes how do you protect yourself even when the messages look real, even when the voice sounds real?
What are you gonna do to protect yourself?
And so this is where we've developed this three-step filter to protect you.
You can use in every scenario, and it's SAV.
The first is S is just stop or separate yourself from the email, the phone, whatever hang up.
If it's if it's your kid and they need help, tell them I'll call you right back and hang up.
Right.
Okay.
Okay.
Just don't continue the conversation.
Um, ask yourself, how am I feeling?
If you feel a sense of urgency or fear or excitement, back up.
Something's going on, something is about, you just need to slow down and pause for a moment.
And then the last thing, of course, is to verify.
And when I say that, that is where you take a second route.
You never click the link, you don't send money, you don't go to Western Union.
You contact the person or the company directly, and you say, I just got a call from you, I just got an email, I just got a text.
Is it really you?
Yeah.
I'm so sorry to have to say this, and I know it's a waste of time, and it's really disappointing to have to um guard yourself like this, but imagine how much more time you will spend and how awful it will be if you let one of these places get to you.
Um, and so I I'll give you three quick places you can go for help and some additional guardrails, because even if you click the link, it's not the end of the world, okay?
Okay, Federal Trade Commission, Identity Theft Resource Center, AARP Fraud Watch Network.
You can find them all online, they all do great things.
Use that second form of contact I talked to you about.
Um, it's not just being about careful anymore, it's about having that process that we talked about, and so you definitely verify everything, you never act immediately.
Okay.
What do you do if something does happen?
If you do click the link, what then or or give your social or you give out your information?
That's right.
So we just had to do this with this nice guy, you know.
What do you do?
You don't panic, and you don't feel embarrassed.
I'm not a fan of telling somebody how not to feel, but please please don't feel embarrassed.
Everybody gets these, okay?
Yeah.
So because the systems are designed to catch you off guard, it's not a failure of intelligence, it's an engineered moment.
All right.
So if you click the link, change your passwords immediately.
Okay, enable two-factor authentication, even though it's a pain in the patoot, do it, and review your recent activity.
If you shared information, contact your bank or credit card company immediately, monitor your accounts, and my recommendation would be to put a fraud alert or a freeze on your credit report, which you can do at annual creditreport.com, the only government approved place to get your credit reports.
Okay, okay.
So I hope these things are helpful for people.
You know, they're real resources, they're all free.
Everything I gave you is free.
Uh, and they just can help you, you know, to be safe and to take the next steps properly.
And I just want to say in closing, you know, in financial wellness, we talk about it as though it's always numbers and budgets and plans, but you know, it's also just knowing when something doesn't feel right, giving yourself permission to pause, because that one click can cost you, but one pause could just protect you.
So just use SAV, separate, assess, verify, as part of your daily diligence routine, and just know that you're gonna need to do this more now and more into the future than you have in the past.
It's coming your way.
All right.
If people have a question on this where they just want to find out more about the Hud Your Money program, what is the phone number for them?
Sure, they can call us at four one three seven seven three thirty three thirty three and we will never call you outbound, unless unless you ask us to, right?
But we don't make cold calls.
Exactly.
All right, it is financial fitness with the money doctor, Dr.
Francis Rand.
Thank you so much.
Thanks, Jess.
It's scam stuff.
I know we talk about scams a lot, but my gosh, these things are getting they're ridiculous.
I had one this morning from Microsoft or about Microsoft with a legitimate Microsoft email.
Financial fitness with the money doctor is underwritten by your money.
Will you help us spread the word about financial fitness?
Please like, subscribe, and choose all.
Thank you.
And welcome to our 2023 Black Music Month special.
And we saw all the festivities that were happening throughout the nation and even in our state.
And it was a pretty busy month for Black Music Month.
And so we wanted to wait till this time to give you more of an overview.
The initial roots of black music.
It's just an introduction because there's so much when we look at the roots of black music and how much it has influenced the American culture and the worldwide cultural.
As far as in its influence, and so we're going to be giving you that introduction, an overview basically from the eighteen hundreds, just roughly right about 1940s, 1950s.
And we'll have to do a another part at another time to go from the 50s to the 70s and then from 70s to the 90s and 80s.
Now we know that the displacements from slavery have created a different influence.
And that's what we're going to be going into and talking about in today's program as we look at an overview of the Nisharus of Black Music.
And my name is Julia Dudley Najib, and I will be your host as we run through this.
So we know that Black Music Month was officially recognized and approved by President Jimmy Carter in nineteen seventy-nine, June being African American Music Appreciation Month.
And that's where we celebrate African American musical influences that comprise an essential part of our nation's treasured cultural heritage.
And formerly called National Black Music Month, the celebration of African American musical contribution is reestablished annually by presidential proclamation.
So I know that even President Barack Obama did such a proclamation, and really accentuated on the influence of the culture itself, black music, and how it has really changed uh the way we look at things.
Music has been used to communicate.
A plan.
Music has been used to encourage change, sometimes social changes.
So we know that at the root of it, there was something else, and that's what we're going to be talking about in today's program.
But first, I want to introduce you to the hip-hop guy.
He's gonna give a cool intro.
It's about six or seven minutes long, and I like the way he really does a rundown of all of the influencers in one, like less than seven-minute clip.
Mind you, we'll have to go into more detail.
Each one as time allows, not in today's program, but at a later time.
But I like the way he does this rundown, the hip opera guy at Black Music History.
So we're gonna take a listen to him, and uh just let's see how he tells us about black music month or black music history, and it's very different how he puts it all together, but I think you're gonna like it.
So let's take a listen.
So people have been talking about black history and examples of black excellence.
We need to talk about Paul Robeson.
If you don't know who Paul wrote, never mind, let's just get into it.
To give you an idea of the times, Paul's dad was freed from slavery, and Paul went to records university on a scholarship because he was brilliant.
And while it was there, he played football and was named All America twice.
After he graduated out of Victorian, he went to Columbia University to study law.
While he's in law school, he starts training as a singer and an actor and plays football for the NFL.
Then he graduates and becomes a lawyer.
But any quick, because racism.
So he just becomes a movie star.
But any quick, because racism.
My dude's mad political, so he's speaking out against the US government loud.
They don't like that.
So the FBI cancels all his concerts and gets him blacklisting.
So my dude takes his concerts overseas and keeps talking to MMS.
Then they took his passport so he couldn't travel.
He starts holding telephone concerts, and thousands of people show up.
And there's a lot more- So today's Leon Team Price's birthday.
And some of you don't know, some of you don't know who Leon Team Price is.
Leon Team Price is literally one of the greatest operatic sopranos to ever watch.
Okay, here's the story.
She was born in 1927, Mississippi, and she started playing piano at five, and her mom sang in the church choir.
But she knew she wanted to be a singer for real after seeing Marian Anderson perform at the Lincoln Memorial.
You don't know who Marion Anderson later.
She also got a full right scholarship to go to Juilliard, which they weren't just handing out to black kids in the 40s, but she sounds like this.
After school, she poured all through Europe.
But when she had her debut at the Metropolitan Opera in New York, she finishes singing.
This is her first performance, by the way, and the audience leaps to their feet and starts classing and doesn't stop for 42 minutes.
And that doesn't happen except for her last performance when they did it again for 35 minutes.
We're still talking about Black Excellence, and I can't talk about Leon Team Price without talking about Marion Anderson.
Without Marion Anderson, let's just, she was born in Philly in 1902, and she grew up singing in the church choir.
And she was really good.
So when she got a little older and wanted some more training, she went to the Philadelphia Academy of Music, and they told her, we don't take Negroes, and they never will.
As you do now, though.
Anyway, so her church got together and raised the money for her training, and she was able to put on some concerts but racism.
So she goes to Europe to start a career.
Because apparently Europe was less racist than the U.S.
in the 20s.
Oh, dang, I gotta start saying 1920s.
Anyway, she actually went by ship, but this picture was fire, so she was known to perform classical European pieces alongside Negro spirituals, and Europe just fell in love with that voice.
So now that she's world famous, when she gets back to the US, everyone starts acting brand new.
Except.
Oh, I'm out of time.
I'll tell you in part two.
Hello.
Alright, I just needed that for the thumbnail thing.
Marian Anderson 2.
Let's go.
So Marian Anderson towards Europe becomes this world famous international opera singer.
So a lot of these venues in the United States was suddenly feeling a lot more comfortable about her performing there.
So she comes home like Mike Jones.
Turns out I can't play that song.
They took the other video down, so I'll paraphrase.
Previously there was no interest, but with my new acclaim, I'm in high demand.
She eventually becomes the first black woman to sing a named role at the Metropolitan Opera.
But when Howard University invited her to come sing, as they do, the only place big enough to hold a Marian Anderson concert was Constitution Hall.
But Constitution Hall was owned by the daughters of the American Revolution, who said only white artists can perform in their building.
So First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, who happens to be a member of the DAR, quits the DAR and helps Marion put on a concert at the Lincoln Memorial.
And seventy-five thousand people came to listen.
This is singer songwriter Madison McFarn, who also happens to be the daughter of Bobby McFarn, the musical genius, and the guy who wrote Don't Worry Be Happy, who also happens to be the son of the great baritone Robert McFarn.
Now, if you don't know who this is, you need to.
And you're a basket.
Born in Arkansas in 1921, he was actually a boy soprano in his church gospel choir.
Gospel was the only music he was allowed to sing as a kid.
His dad was a Baptist preacher.
He attended Fisk University, got drafted into World War II, and when he finished college, he moved to New York to study voice with the composer Hal Johnson.
And dude was good.
Because a year later he was singing in a bunch of musicals and operas.
And in 1955, he became the first black man to sing a role at the Metropolitan Opera.
And when he was done with that, he moved to Hollywood to be in the movies.
So if you've ever seen that 1959 Port Game Best movie with Sidney Portier, his singing voice.
The Grammy for the Best Roots album went to the Fisk Jubilee Singers.
Do you know who they are?
Because this is historic.
Right after slavery was abolished, a lot of the newly freed wanted to learn to read and write.
So schools were started, and a lot of those schools became our HBCUs.
And in Nashville, Tennessee, one of them was Fiske University.
At a certain point, the school got into real financial trouble, like there wasn't gonna be any more school financial trouble.
So the music teacher, who also happened to be the treasurer, took some of the choir students to neighboring towns to sing for donations.
But they're not really singing standard European choral works.
They're singing their music, the stuff that was composed and passed down by the enslaved.
Namely Negro spirituals.
And they blew up.
Remember, this is America's first time hearing African American music.
So they had to go on tour.
They sang for the president, they sang for the Queen.
There were other groups coming out of Nashville pretending to be them.
Man, they came back to Nashville with money.
They paid off debts, bought new land, built a new school, and the group members have changed through the years, but they kept the music alive.
Last thing.
Turns out June is black music appreciation month, so let's learn about some black opera history.
The first black person to sing at the Metropolitan Opera was not Robert McMahon nor Marian Anderson.
It was Helen Phillips.
And the reason even opera singers haven't heard of her, besides the racism, is because she sang in the opera chorus.
And look, opera doesn't care about the chorus.
I mean, they do.
She was born in St.
Louis and her father was a Baptist minister.
She studied music at Fisk University, and in 1947, the Metropolitan Opera called her agent asking for his best soprano.
And yes who shows up.
So they send her right in, and she sings in the course for three performances of Cavaleria de los Picana.
Alright, so let's recap and bring this full circle.
Calvin Phillips, first black person to sing at the Met.
Eleven years later, Robert McFarn is the first black man to sing at the Met.
But 20 days before that, Marian Anderson was the first black person and woman to sing a role at the Met.
She also had a concert in Mississippi where a nine-year-old girl in the audience decided she wanted to grow up to be her.
Her name was Leon Dean Price.
And part of Miss Price's training was paid for by a benefit concert held by Paul Rose.
So I thought that was pretty cool.
He did a rundown of all of the top things you should know about as far as the roots of history.
And Fisk University played a huge role in the uh black experience to be able to get the culture of the music out there.
And many of the black colleges did, but primarily you'll see that Fisk University, you'll see Fisk University brought up a lot, especially in today's program.
And uh you'll get to hear more extended uh version of the Fisk Jubilee.
So we thank the hip opera guy or hip hopper guy for allowing us to use this video for the purpose of today's program.
And he has a lot more videos.
You can actually find him on YouTube, so he's got a lot more for you.
But now we want to take it down to the next step.
We want to go into the blues and the jazz and the rag time, all of that stuff that influenced what you hear today, believe it or not, what we are hearing today.
Songless.
Song.
And the music you're hearing in the background as we go over black music and the roots, those are the sounds of Paul Robison.
Sometimes I feel like a motherless child.
So the roots of African American music.
And this is thank you to the Smithsonian for giving us this information and highlight.
That it cannot be separated from the transatlantic slave trade and the forced transportation of millions of African peoples across the Atlantic who were then enslaved.
And so the music you're hearing right now will discuss more why the significance of this song and other songs like it was important, as enslaved peoples here in the Americas had to communicate with one another through music.
So many of the instruments historically used in African American music, including the banjo and the drum have antecedents in African musical instruments and many features common to African American music, likewise have roots in African American musical traditions, such as the call and response song form and an immerse approach to singing.
And call and response form was done a lot in Africa, and done a lot today in today's music, amongst many non-black singers.
So slaves lives were very restricted as we know.
And the limitations of literacy and property ownership were huge, but music was passed down orally, and early records of African American music indicate that songs changed frequently, not just from singer to singer, but also from day to day when sung by the same musician.
Music was a solace, a community builder, and voice for hope during enslavement and afterward in the days of reconstruction, and then Jim Crow.
The Negro spiritual, which is an example of what you're hearing now.
It's one of the most widespread of early musical forms among Southern Blacks.
And it was the spiritual.
Neither black versions of white hymns or transformations of songs from Africa, spirituals were distinctly African-American response to American conditions.
They expressed the longing of slaves for spiritual and bodily freedom, for safety from harm and evil, and for relief from the hardships of slavery.
Many of the songs offered coded messages, some like follow the drinking gourd, steal away, and wade in the water, contain encoded instructions for escape to the north.
Others like, Sometimes I feel like a motherless child, and I'm troubled in mind, conveyed the feelings of despair that blacks slaves felt.
The spirituals also served as the critiques of slavery, using biblical metaphors to protest the enslavement of black people.
Such protests can be found in lyrics of go down Moses, go down Moses, way down to Egypt land, tell old Pharaoh, let my people go.
The spirituals also provided African Americans with a means of transcending their enslaved conditions of imagining a life of freedom.
As in lyric, ride on, King Jesus, ride on, no man can hinder thee.
With the rise of Jubilee singers in the 1870s, the spirituals began to be seen as music that revealed the beauty and depth of African American culture.
And so the call and response is what we were just talking about before that, what is it?
And it's a compositional technique, and this is from the master class that you can take a look at if you want to know more details about that.
And these phrases can be either vocal, instrumental, or both.
So the call and response could be the music calling for the response, and the people know the response.
You see a lot of that James Brown music, you see a lot of that.
Of course, in Cab Callaway, we can go down the list.
So the roots of it again is traditional African music.
They employed a lot of vocal versions of this.
And if you think of gospel music, for example, you will immediately recognize the technique.
It's when a pastor or song leader calls out or sings a line, and the congregation acquire response.
In other styles of music, calling response is used as a form of experimentation.
And uh you again see this call and response is very popular today.
And it originated in the sub-Sahara African cultures, which used the musical form to denote democratic participation in public gatherings like religious rituals, civic gatherings, funerals, and weddings.
And the African slaves brought this tradition to the Americas.
In the work songs heard all over planetations in the deep south.
It had a huge impact on the development of African American music from soul gospel and blues all the way to rhythm and blues, funk, and more contemporary examples like hip hop.
Edwin Hawkins.
Oh happy day, 1968.
That's a good example of a call and response that reached the listener to directly lift their spirit.
So we're gonna listen to uh by the by the Tuskegee Institute Singers in 1914, an actual performance by them in 1914, looking at what example of an old Negro spiritual, and so you'll hear this double male quartet unaccompanied.
Okay, and so this has been digitized so that we can hear it, you'll hear the crackling and things in there, but that's just because of the time period of when things work.
So let's take a listen to that um at the moment.
And right, Again, those authentic voices.
As we look at also the counterparts, plenty of professional African American musicians and singers during reconstruction, including a group of African university students led by the music instructor, and Bill that Fisk as the Fisk Jubilee singers.
And so they sing African American folk music and religious music, including slave songs to white audiences, and raise enough money through their benches to fund a building on campus named Properly Jubilee Hall.
And that's what our hip opera guy was talking about.
As far as the Fisk Jubilee singers were about to hear next.
So in the early part of the 1900s, as a result of the work of black composers, the performance of Negro Spirituals became a tradition among black singers, particularly singers of classical music, and composers like Harry T.
Burlow, 1866 to 1949, Margaret Bonds, 1913 to 1972, and Hall Johnson, nineteen, excuse me, eighteen eighty-eight to nineteen seventy, set the spirituals to piano, accompaniment as a means of preserving the perpetuating the beauty of the traditional black music.
So let's hear from the Fisk University Jubilee Quartet.
And you'll see there, um, John Wesley is a vocalist, tenor vocal there.
And Fisk University Jubilee singers, the vocal group, King Alfred, Garfield vocalist, bass vocal, writer, uh Noah Walker, vocalist, bass vocal, and J.A.
Vocless tenor.
Let's take a listen.
Coming for the carriage.
Oh, for God, what did I see?
The music you hear in the background as we move from our Negro spirituals now to an overview of the ragtime music.
The music you hear in the background is composed by Scott Joplin, who we're gonna be talking about here next.
The rise of ragtime is definitely an influence from Mr.
Scott Joplin.
And so we want to hear talk more about his plight.
But ragtime became first nationally popular form of American music in 1899 when Scott 1899 when Scott Joplin's 1868 to 1917 Maple Leaf rag enjoyed unprecedented success, selling over a million sheet music copies.
But ragtime was not new in 1899.
Documents reveal that it was being played as early as the 1870s.
Black musicians spoke of ragging a tune when describing the use of syncopated rhythms, whether in classical compositions, popular songs, or genteel dance tunes.
While black musicians could rag tunes on any instruments, the music we call ragtime developed when the piano replaced the violin as a favorite instrument for dance accompaniment.
Something incredible that he did during such a time.
Scott Joplin was a jazz composer known as a king of ragtime.
He's best remembered for his tune The Entertainer, which was a popularized in the movie The Sting in 1973, for which it won an Academy Award for best film scoring.
His opera Trimonitia, written in 1907, won a Pulitzer Prize in 1976 when it was brought to Broadway.
Born near London, Texas, his family moved to Texarkana, Texas, when he was age seven.
Encouraged by his parents, he learned to play the banjo and piano, and in his late teens began a career as a dance hall musician.
When Joplin died of syphilis in a New York City mental hospital in 1917, he was penniless and largely forgotten.
In fact, his grave at St.
Michael Cemetery in East Elmhurst, Queens, went unmarked for decades.
This seemed to happen to a lot of our musicians, unfortunately.
And so we're gonna watch an excerpt of Jazz in Queens.
Scott Joplin in this video gives you some insight about his influence into the ragtime music and unfortunately how he was treated during the time period being a black man who's very talented, a musical genius.
Unfortunately, uh that didn't go well with the white Americans who didn't really appreciate the ragtime music, thought it was kind of sloppy and dirty and kind of sounded outlandish, and so uh I think that was more so of it than anything.
Let's listen to a little bit of it before we go right to the video.
We're not sure when ragtime began.
It emerged sometime, probably in the 1880s in the black communities.
And at first it was not called ragtime, it was called rag.
In eighteen ninety-three, there was the World's Fair in Chicago.
And uh although African Americans were not permitted to perform at the World's Fair.
Surrounding the World's Fair, there were saloons, dance halls, and that's where the African Americans were performing, and they were performing ragtime in many places.
This was something new to most of the white people who went to the World's Fair.
It became the rage.
Even though the music was not heard in the fair, it was heard outside, and everyone loved ragtime.
It became popular before Joplin entered the field.
Now he was at the World's Fair with a quartet.
He was a singer at the time.
He was born in Northeast Texas, most likely.
The first notice of Scott Joplin is in the uh 1870 census.
Scott Joplin was uh very intelligent, well spoken, and extremely modest.
He was reluctant to talk about his music even.
His brother Robert was seemed to have been just the opposite.
Uh, but he just wasn't this talented.
His mother was cleaning home in the home of white family.
There was a piano there, and he started playing around with it, and he had talent.
A local music teacher agreed to give him lessons.
Later in life in the eighteen nineties, or maybe even up to 1900, when he was living in Sidelia, Missouri, he went to uh the George R.
Smith College, which was a college just for Negroes at that time.
And it has since burned down, so we don't have the records.
The reports are that he was a very good singer.
He started a barbershop quartet.
He toured the country with his quartet, and all the reports are that they were excellent.
Uh, do you know the name W.C.
Handy?
He played piano, he played violin.
Uh he played cornet, he wrote some orchestrations, not necessarily of his own music, of other people's.
He would have the piano music and he was orchestrated.
His first ragtime composition was original rags, published early in 1899, and that was the same year as his second composition, which became the most famous instrumental rag of the time, Maple Leaf Rag.
By the time he died in 1917, he had published more than 50 pieces for piano, most of them rags, and many of them extremely good rags.
But they were not as popular as Maple Leaf Rag.
Everything flowed so beautifully.
No other composer was working that way.
I think this is because he was he had experience arranging for the barbershop quartet for voices.
So he was aware of this when he was writing for piano music.
It is as if he was almost writing for voices.
Not just the melody, but the chords also have some melodic sense.
And many of the musicians were non-readers, and they were improvising.
Louis Armstrong began as a quartet singer, just as Joplin did.
And being a quartet singer was very important for Joplin because it taught him how to handle what we call voice leading to make the chords move from one to another very smoothly.
Many people say that Scott Joplin had a gift of writing great melodies.
And he did write great melodies.
But his most famous piece, the Maple Leaf Reg, this is not a great melody at all.
It sounds like banjo strumming.
And that's what makes Joplin, all these surprises.
You don't expect this, you don't get it in the music of other composers.
After he composed the Maple Leaf Reg, the first year only 400 copies were published.
But then Maple Leaf Reg, I mean, everyone who saw who heard and sourced Maple Leaf Reg, they liked it.
Uh his second year, he started selling a lot of music.
The Maple Leaf Reg, it earned him more money than any other piece because it sold so much.
With a guest of honor.
Since we don't have the music, we don't know what it's about really, but from the few things that he he mentioned in the newspapers, I'm pretty certain that the guest of honor was Booker T.
Washington, the African American leader at that time, who was invited to President Theodore Roosevelt's White House and had dinner there.
So he was the guest of honor.
A newspaper that I know Joplin read referred to Booker T.
Washington as the guest of honor at that event.
So that's probably what the opera was about.
This was a big event, everyone in the country knew about it.
Many parts of the country spoke very poorly of it.
They would say Theodore Roosevelt will never be forgiven for this.
He has made the Negro the social equivalent of the white man, which was not acceptable.
This shows that Theodore Roosevelt is president of all the people.
So he had the word tree in there because it's about this foundling, this baby girl who's found under a tree.
And her mother's name was Monitia, so they called her Tree Monitia.
The overriding point of the opera is that for African Americans, education is essential.
This is what will make African Americans equal.
That was the thought.
The biggest challenge was that he was an African American.
I mean, everyone, well, most people disparage African Americans.
But he broke the stereotypes.
People would meet him.
They would say he's very intelligent.
And he speaks so well, and he's so modest.
So he he personally was very much liked, very much respected.
But still being African American was difficult.
And who was going to publish an African American opera?
What was good about his rags?
He did not do the obvious things.
Today the most famous piece of his is the entertainer.
And the reason for that is the movie The Sting.
That was a Robert Redford Paul Newman movie.
That was a tremendous success.
And the background for that film was Scott Joplin's music.
And the main theme was The Entertainer by Scott Joplin.
And that became incredibly popular in the 1970s.
And suddenly the whole country knew Scott Joplin's music.
It was performed in classical concerts and then popular concerts.
It hit the top of the record charts in both categories.
And this had never happened before.
Why was he buried in St.
Michael's Cemetery?
Well, for one thing, he it was free because he was put into uh a community grave.
You might think a pauper's grave.
So they then buried him in Queens in St.
Michael's Cemetery.
And so that was the brief 10-minute um piece about Scott Joplin.
Sad to say that he died penniless again.
This happened to a lot of different artists, unfortunately.
But his major influence, and you probably heard the music before, didn't know that this was a black man that was had produced such beautiful ragtime music that was that influential.
I know I didn't, and my piano teacher told me otherwise, actually, about who this man was, and never gave a hint that this was a black man when I was practicing one of the first songs, The Entertainer.
That's the irony of all of that.
Is that that is uh the strangest part for me was when I had to discover this history, and it was a couple decades before I realized wow, um, Scott Joplin was a black man, and I had to learn the entertainer, you know, with my piano teacher, and I really liked this music when I was growing up, as far as when I would practice it on the piano, it was very easy for me, even though uh people have claimed to be very difficult because it doesn't follow the regular patterns in music, and so that being the case, um, I just think we sell ourselves short, right?
When we don't look at the history of things and how things are coming about, but the rise of ragtime also evolved out of two other musical styles, Kuhn's song and the cakewalk.
Kuhn song was a racist term used to describe the music of white minstrels performing in blackface in acts that were supposed to be humorous, imitations of black slaves, blackface menstrual flee, a popular entertainment throughout most of the 19th century, was at first performed only by whites, though blacks eventually formed their own minstrel tropes.
The great blues singer, Gertrude Ma Rainey, 1886 to 1939 began her career in a black minstrel troupe known as The Rabbit Foot Minstrels, where she was later joined by Bessie Smith, 1898 to 1937, as far as the life of Bessie Smith and music, an early form of popular American music, Kuhn's songs, were written by both black and white composers.
Now, that would be considered derogatory today to use such term as coon, just for your FYI.
The Cakewalk was a stately ring dance performed by blacks during and after slavery.
It was accompanied by music that was similar to ragtime and composed by such African Americans as Ernest Hogan, Will Marion Cook, and the musical team of Bob Cole, and Billy Johnson.
These artists popularized this style of music and brought it to the Broadway and Operaway stages in the late 1800s.
Now let's look at an overview of black music from the blues standpoint.
Gotta look at how blues was also major influence and still is today.
The blues is perhaps the simplest American musical form and yet also the most versatile.
Along with jazz, blues takes its shape and style in the process of performance.
And for this reason, it possesses a high degree of flexibility.
Although certain musical and lyrical elements of blues can be traced back to West Africa, the blues, like the spiritual, is a product of slavery.
As far as when it began, we know only that it began in the South during slavery and in the years following slavery, spread throughout the region as early bluesmen wandered from place to place.
One of them, Bunk Johnson, 1879 to 1949, claimed to have played nothing but blues as a child during the 1880s.
The blues formed the foundation of contemporary American music, as did sacred and folk music.
The blues also greatly influenced the cultural and social lives of African Americans.
Geographically, diverse incarnations of the blues arose in various regions, including the Mississippi Delta, Memphis, Chicago, Southern Texas.
Each regional manifestation of the blues features a uniquely identifiable sound and message.
For example, Mississippi Delta Blues illustrated the poverty of the region while celebrating its natural and cultural richness.
Now, here's some of the major influencers, because blues eventually became a woman-dominated musical entity.
So singers such as Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Alberta Hunter and At the Waters were the most popular women blues singers.
Ma Rainey, referred to as a mother of the blues, became popular in the early 1900s.
Rainey was the first popular black female stage entertainer to incorporate authentic blues into her song selection.
And now I want to give you some history about the mother of the blues, Ma Rainey.
Gertrude Ma Rainey Pridchett.
That's how her name originally was Gertrude Pridget.
She was born April 26, 1886, died December 26, 1939, and was an American blues singer and influential early blues recording artist.
Dubbed the mother of the blues, she bridged earlier vaudeville and the authentic expression of Southern blues, influencing a generation of blues singers.
Rainey was known for her powerful vocal abilities, energetic disposition, majestic phrasing, and a moaning style of singing.
That's what became the blues, by the way.
Her qualities are present and most evident in her early recordings, both weevil blues and moonshine blues.
Gertrude Pridget began performing as a teenager and became known as Ma Rainey after a marriage to Will Paul Rainey in 1904.
They toured with the Rabbit Foot Minstrels and later formed their own group, Rainy and Rainy, Assassinators of the Blues.
Her first recording was made in 1923.
In the following five years, she made over 100 recordings, including Bo Weevil Blues, 1923, Moonshine Blues, 1923, C.C.
Rider Blues, 1925, The Blues Standard, Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, 1927, and Soon This Morning, 1927.
Rainey also collaborated with Thomas Dorsey, Tampa Redd, and Louis Armstrong, and toured and recorded with the Georgia Jazz band, touring until 1935.
She then largely retired from performing and continued as a theater impresciario in her hometown of Columbus, Georgia, until her death four years later.
She has been posthumously inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame as well as the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Rainey has been portrayed in several films, including the 2020 Academy Award-winning Netflix film, Ma Rainey's Black Bottom.
In 2023, she was honored with the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
I'll tell you what, the Mother of the Blues, Ma Rainey, certainly had a stage presence.
Gold teeth and all, the horse hair.
She really made the crowd and audience wonder what she was going to put up next.
And then she had, you know, those big ostrich feather fans that you see in a lot of her photos.
So the stage presence was what people knew her for, and that's why Bessie Smith really adored her and looked up to her because of that beautiful stage presence that she wanted to have as well as Ma Rainey.
So Ma Rainey took it to a whole nother level with the blues and the moaning sound.
That's when the blues became real popular as far as that attribute of the moaning sound that you hear in the lyrics.
So let's listen to Gone Daddy Blues, Ma Rainey, uh Georgia band, Gertrude Ma Rainey, that is, and this was pub.
This was published in 1927.
Let's take a listen.
Who is that knocking on that door?
It's me, baby.
Me, who?
What do you know I'm doing?
What?
I don't know if no one was quite even one time.
I just put one little time, just one time.
You left her with that other man.
Why didn't you think?
Well, I'll tell you why I didn't say it.
I got home.
I had to come on back home to you.
Well, I'm leaving here today.
What have you got to say?
Well, all right, I'll tell it.
Okay.
I'm going to win.
I'm going to sing.
I find the main love something.
I got my ticket.
I'm fine that outside.
I'm going to ride.
I'm that side of the man.
I'm gonna ride that.
I'm that's okay for ride in time.
Gang with my I'm going away.
I'm going to stay.
I'll come back for my daddy sounding.
What's that you never go?
I'm with sounds.
And I'm so winning.
Okay.
I'm going away.
I'm going to stay.
I love for my dad's songway.
But then she's never go.
I'm going to sound back.
And so that was Gone Daddy Blues by Ma Rainey in the Georgia band.
Uh, Gertrude Ma Rainey, publication date 1927.
And we want to take you to Bessie Smith, who loved the presence of Ma Rainey on stage.
And so she was also, she came right after her, and she was an African-American blues singer nickname, the Empress of the Blues.
She started in the company of Ma Rainey as a dancer.
And she begged her brother because she was so envious of her brother always going on tour.
Begged back, bag, bag, bag, beg to get an audition, Ma Rainey's band, and got that audition as a dancer, made her way in as a singer, and really liked that style and presence.
So around 1913, she started to form an act on her own.
She made many popular records for Columbia in 1923 to 1931 and recorded four sides of OK in 1933.
In November 1929, she made a two reeler and sang St.
Louis Blues, accompanied by the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra, James P.
Johnson, and a string section.
Unfortunately, a car crash did kill her at the age of 43.
So she's considered the Empress of Blues.
We have Ma Rainey, who's a mother of blues.
Uh, Bessie Smith would be considered the Empress of Blues.
So let's listen to an excerpt.
The uh from Bessie Smith, the Empress of Blues, the song that'll be playing.
Um you'll hear it's actually accompanied by Louis Armstrong, yeah, on the cornet.
And then Fred Longshaw on the organ.
This is like history.
That's why I was kind of stopped there in my tracks.
This was recorded in 1925.
And so we're gonna hear the St.
Louis Blues, WC Handy.
Let's take a listen.
I do see the evening, I just won't go there.
It makes me think.
I think my dream way.
And this is a man.
Oh, I got the same.
I can see.
And that was Bessie Smith, St.
Louis Blues.
Now let's talk about another um influencer in the blues, Alberta Hunter.
And she began her legendary travels between New York City, Europe, and Chicago, performing in nightclubs and theater production, most successfully in Europe, including the 1928 to 1929 London production of Showboat with Paul Robison.
And she returned to the United States in 1929, but the Great Depression eroded even the dubious security of Vaudeville.
And in 1933, she headed back to Europe where work was more plentiful and racism less evident.
So know that a lot of musicians did that.
Even today.
A lot of musicians get were more of their hands, arms were open in Europe, since they had abolished slavery.
Not that they didn't have slavery, not that they didn't have racism, but it was pretty extreme in the United States during this time.
We're talking about the Jim Crow laws, very difficult living environment.
So a little bit about about a Berta Hunter, as far as who she was, born April 1st, 1895, um, died October 17th, 1984.
And so she was an American jazz and blue singer and songwriter from the early 1920s to the late 1950s.
Born in Memphis, Tennessee, to Laura Peterson, who worked as a maid in Memphis brothel, and Charles Hunter, a Pullman Porter.
Hunter said she never knew her father.
She attended Grand Elementary School off Auction Street, which she called auction school in Memphis.
She attended school until around age 15.
She had a difficult childhood.
Her father left when she was a child, and to support the family, her mother worked as a servant in the brothel in Memphis, Memphis.
Although she married again in 1906, Hunter was not happy with her new family and left for Chicago, Illinois, around the age of 11 in the hopes of becoming a paid singer.
She had heard that it paid $10 per week.
Instead of finding a job as a singer, she had to earn money by working at a boarding house that paid $6 a week as well as room and board.
Hunter's mother left Memphis and moved in with her soon afterwards.
And after 20 years of working as a nurse, Hunter resumed her singing career in 1977.
So very dynamic indeed.
And that's what we're gonna hear.
We're gonna hear uh Downhearted Blues.
It's a blues song composed by um musician Love You Austin with lyrics by American jazz singer Alberta Hunter.
And the first line sets the theme for the song, gee.
But it's hard to love someone when that someone don't love you.
Hunter sang it during her engagement at the Dreamland Cafe in Chicago, where she performed with Joe King Oliver's band.
Blues singer Bessie Smith recorded the song with piano copying it by Clarence Williams.
It was released as her first single backed with Gulf Coast Blues, and 780,000 copies were sold in the first six months.
So they definitely made money during that time.
Let's take a listen then to Alberta Hunter in Downhearted Blues.
And he drove me from his nose.
But the good books, you got to read John.
Let you know.
I got the word.
Got the rubber idea in mind.
I've got the road and a job.
And the Robberia in my and if you want me, sweet proper, you got the come on my command.
Remember in my life.
Oh, I never love Bud.
Remane in my life.
From my father and my brother, and a man.
Lord in May be a week.
And in May, a month too.
I said it may be a week.
And it may be a month too.
Oh, let's date you a turn to me.
Downhearted blues again.
That was by Alberta Hunter.
The vocals there.
And now we're gonna get to our last influencer as far as in the blues at the waters, and this will be a video.
Born October thirty-first, eighteen ninety-six.
She passed away September first, nineteen seventy-seven, and was an American singer and actress.
Waters frequently performed jazz swing and pop music on the Broadway stage and in concerts.
She began her career in the 1920s singing blues.
Her notable recordings including Dine, uh Stormy Weather, know you've heard these songs before.
Taking a chance on love, Heat Wave, Supper Time, Am I Blue?
Which is what we're gonna hear right now.
Uh, nineteen twenty-nine, cabin in the sky, I'm coming, Virginia, and her version of his eyes is on the sparrow.
Negro spiritual, that one.
Waters was the second African American to be nominated for the Academy Award, the first African American to star on her own television show, and the first African American woman to be nominated for a prime time Emmy Award.
Let's look at the dazzling Ethel Waters.
In this piece, Am I Blue, nineteen twenty-nine?
Let's take a look.
I'm the only woman, waiting on where it's a woman, that's only human, one remote.
Woke up this morning alone about joy without a warning I found even.
Why did he do it?
How could he do it?
He never done it before.
Have I been in the night?
When I was only one.
But now I said an only one.
I know it is in Chicago, and I'm down here in Bourbon Hill.
Trying to get the money to go and find my money.
I am.
Yes, indeed I am.
But I got the blues in my heart.
And my shoes want to start.
Yet I'm in a jail.
That was the beautiful Epic Waters.
Uh again, the performances.
If you look at the time period, that's just the way it was.
And so you'll have mostly a white audience.
That's just how that goes.
So as we continue on, let's take a look at jazz and all about that jazz music.
Jazz evolved from ragtime in America's style of Sigapeta instrumental music.
Jazz first materialized in New Orleans and is often distinguished by African American musical innovation.
Multiple forms of the genre exist today, from the dance-oriented music of the 1920s, big band era to the experimental flair of modern avant-garde jazz.
And also, we need to talk about this dynamic figure.
And we're gonna watch a uh 18-minute video just about uh his influence, Charles Joseph Bolden, born September 6, 1877, New Orleans, he was born, which is in Louisiana, died November 4th, 1931, unfortunately, Jackson, Louisiana.
And he was a cornetist and one of the founding fathers of jazz, and there were many jazz musicians, including Jelly Roll Morton and the great Trumper Louis Armstrong, Louis Armstrong, as we call him, acclaimed him as one of the most powerful musicians ever to play jazz.
Little is known about the details of Bolton's career, but it documented that by about 1895, he was leading a band, acknowledged as the cornet king of New Orleans.
Bolden often worked with six or seven different bands simultaneously.
In 1906, his emotional stability began to crumble and tumble, and the following year he was committed to the East Louisiana State Hospital, where he died in 1931.
And so this seemed to happen to a lot of musicians from that time, and I have to say, it'd have to be a different broadcast as to why you uh could see hear this type of pattern happening and unfortunately, and so let's take a look from our favorite rocker, Polyphonic, who does a very cool uh video about Charles Bolden and about who he was as a person as music, the influence, and how much Charles Joseph Bolden's music influences what we hear today.
So let's take a look at this particular documentary, and then we'll end with um Louie Armstrong and also uh Cab Colloway, because there's so much more for us to be able to tell you about, but first we want to get into uh more information about Charles Joseph Bolden and the jazz, and uh we want to thank again Polyphonic for allowing us to use this video.
So let's take a listen.
Jazz has a rich mythological tradition, it's full of tales of good and evil, struggle and triumph, of comedy and tragedy, and it's got a deep pantheon of gods and heroes, men and women who have tapped into something so beautiful, so pure with their music that they transcended mortality itself.
Of course, because the story of jazz is the story of the modern age, we usually know the truth behind these legends.
But there's one figure in jazz who has slipped almost entirely into myth.
He was a man who lived at the turn of the century and blew horn lines so loud and so hot that they changed the course of history.
He was the first true virtuoso of jazz music, and a man whose tragic life story would be echoed by the greats who followed in his footsteps.
And he's a mystery that jazz has been trying to unravel for generations.
His name was Charles Buddy Bolden, but to many he was known better as King Bolden.
And to some, he is known simply as the man who invented jazz.
Let's take a closer look.
As far as we know, there's only one existing photo of the man who played jazz before it was called Jazz.
It's a grainy piece taken by an unknown photographer at the turn of the century.
In it, Buddy Bolden cradles his cornet, surrounded by the musicians who helped him shape history.
And while we know what Bolden looked like, we don't really know what he sounded like.
Growing up as a working-class black man in New Orleans, Bolden learned to play music by ear, so we don't have any sheets of his songs.
Furthermore, Bolden's career took place at the dawn of recording technology, and it was over a decade before the original Dixieland Jazz Band cut what people consider to be the first jazz record.
Bolden's trombonist Willie Cornish claimed that Bolden and his band did record one phonograph cylinder, but if that recording did indeed exist once, it has since been lost to time.
So the best way we can get a sense of what Buddy Bolden might have sounded like is to look at the world he lived in.
Buddy Bolden, like the music that he would come to define, was born in New Orleans in the late 1800s.
At that time, the city was a melting pot of diverse musical ideas.
The transatlantic slave trade had brought African rhythms to the new world, where they coalesced into a number of different musical movements.
Along the Mississippi, field haulers turned into the blues, and in the Caribbean, they mixed with traditional Spanish dances to become the Habanera.
Meanwhile, gospel songs became an essential part of black communities, and the first generation of freed slaves had turned minstrelcy into ragtime music.
All of these musics met and conversed in the streets of New Orleans, where a young Buddy Bolden heard and began to learn them.
But instead of singing in church or playing ragtime on piano, Bolden adapted the music he heard to his cornet.
Since he had no formal training, he played by ear, making up his horn lines as he went.
And Buddy Bolden played it all loud.
Frankie Duson, who played the trombone in Bolden's band, claimed that Bolden blew the loudest horn in the world.
And Albert Glenny, who played bass with Bolden from time to time, remembered that Buddy's cornet was as loud as Louis Armstrong playing through a microphone a generation later.
This volume, along with Bolden's penchant for improvisation, helped him stand out in the music scene.
And there was one more innovation that Bolden brought, and it might be the most important of them all: a rhythm known as the Big Four.
The Big Four was a modification on the most popular kind of beat at the time, the March.
It took this march and jammed an African rhythm known today as a handbone into the end.
The result was a syncopated beat that created space in the music and let improvisers go wild.
Within this framework, Bolden played traditional songs and his own original works.
The most famous of these was a raunchy piece called Funky Butt, written by Willie Cornish.
That song got its name from the smell of the sweaty halls where people packed in to dance to Bolden's music.
And Funky Butt gives us our best shot at knowing what Buddy Bolden might have sounded like.
At some point the song took on a new name, Buddy Bolden Blues, and it was recorded by Jelly Roll Morton, another one of Jazz's early grades.
Buddy Bolden play.
You're nasty.
You're dirty.
Take it on.
As for Bolden's horn, a best guess at what it might have sounded like comes from a 1943 recording made by Bunk Johnson.
Though Johnson wasn't a member of Bolden's band, he probably played alongside the king a number of times, and did his best to emulate those sounds on that recording.
By the time the century turned, Buddy Bolden had been crowned the King of New Orleans music, though it was still years away from being named Jazz.
But Buddy Bolden's reign as King of New Orleans was short.
In 1907, when he was just 30 years old, Bolden suffered a psychotic episode.
Soon after, he was committed into a mental institution, with what we now know to be schizophrenia.
Save for a brief discharge at the end of World War One, Buddy Bolden spent the rest of his life in that mental institution.
Then, on November 4th, 1934, Buddy Bolden died.
But while Bolden was ailing in a mental institution, the music he helped invent came to find its name.
And then it spread across America and around the world.
Bolden's story is as compelling as it is tragic, but it doesn't end with his death.
And what interests me most about Bolden isn't really his life, or even the mystery of his sound.
What I find most interesting about Buddy Bolden is the way that he has been mythologized in the century and more since he stopped playing music.
Myths are at the very foundation of culture, and the culture of jazz is no exception to that.
The story of Buddy Bolden serves as a kind of creation myth for the genre of jazz, and by extension for nearly all of popular music.
As with most great stories, the myth of King Bolden began as oral tradition, stories passed down by those who saw him play.
One such person was Louis Armstrong.
Though Armstrong was just six years old when Bolden was committed, he claimed that one of his earliest memories was dancing to Bolden's music as a young child.
And of course, alongside the oral tradition, Bolden has been remembered musically by some of the greats in jazz history.
Sidney Boucher paid tribute to his contemporary in Buddy Bolden Stomp.
And then there's Duke Ellington's Hey Buddy Bolden.
Born with a silver trumpet in his mouth.
Winton Marcellus broke out his best impression of Buddy Bolden for 1992's The Legend of Buddy Bolden.
But there's two takes on Buddy Bolden, his life and his sound, that fascinate me most.
Michael Ondache's novel Coming Through Slaughter and the 2019 film Bolden.
There have been other works about Bolden, but few others take such an open liberty with fact.
Ondace's book includes a number of apocryphal stories, including that Bolden worked as a barber and ran a small press called The Cricket.
Meanwhile, Bolden inserts familiar musical struggles into the titular character's life, notably those that represent the constant tug of war between creativity and commerciality.
But neither of these works purport to be rooted in truth.
Instead, these stories use Buddy Bolden the same way that we've always used the heroes of myth, as a means of explaining that which is inexplicable.
And jazz is inexplicable.
Sure, you can look at the history of the musics that coalesced into jazz and see where it came from, but there's something else about jazz.
Something raw and something uniquely human.
Something that captured the world in a way no music ever had, and changed popular culture forever.
Both stories try to explore this aspect of jazz, not just through the content, but through the way they tell Buddy Bolden's life.
Ondace's story is strange and disjointed.
His prose is experimental, often feeling closer to poetry.
It seems to be a narrative built on creating spontaneous moments of beauty, like the improvisation that is one of the cornerstones of jazz music.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, it's at its best when Ondache is writing about Bolden's music in question.
We thought he was formless, but I think now he was tormented by order.
What was outside it?
He tore apart the plot.
See, his music was immediately on top of his own life, echoing, as if when he was playing, he was lost and hunting for the right accidental notes.
Listening to him was like talking to Coleman.
You were both changing direction with every sentence, sometimes in the middle, using each other as a springboard through the dark.
You were moving so fast it was unimportant to finish and clear everything.
He would be describing something in 27 ways.
There was pain and gentleness, everything jammed into each number.
Another jazz cornerstone, syncopation, is imitated in Ondace's prose as well.
His book doesn't have the steady rhythm of story to tie you down.
Instead, it leaves gaps and jumps ahead, like the syncopated rhythms that Buddy Bolden's band played.
You can say the same about the Bolden movie.
That film frames the entire story through the eyes of Buddy Bolden locked in a mental institution.
The music of Louis Armstrong comes through the radio and gives Bolden a surreal passage into his memories.
We flit back and forth from the sweaty, vibrant dance halls to the harsh realities of lower class New Orleans.
At one point, Buddy Bolden parachutes into a bandstand with a segregated audience.
His music draws everyone away from the traditional pop and has people of different colors dancing and singing together with joy.
It's an easy metaphor for how jazz dropped into the music world and blew it wide open.
In addition to surreal jazz-inspired passages like this, Bolden works new story beats into the life of the titular character.
The biggest of these revolves around a fictionalized manager named Bartley who pressures Buddy into recording and selling his music.
This is a conflict that has pervaded throughout jazz history.
Jazz is built around improvisation, which means there's a spontaneity baked into its very DNA.
When it comes to recording jazz, there's something about the electricity of watching performers work off each other that's lost.
But at the same time, there's no way jazz would have flourished like it did without recording.
And of course, any discussion of jazz is also intrinsically tied to race.
The recording of jazz music disseminated it to a wider audience, and much of that audience was white.
Generations of black musicians would thrive and become icons while playing to segregated audiences.
We see this in Bolden through the performance of Louis Armstrong, who plays to a rich white audience while the black community is forced to sit outside and listen from afar.
The racial dynamics of jazz are also explored through the character of Judge Perry, a rich white judge who ends up condemning Bolden to the asylum.
The creation of these characters allows Bolden to explore how race ties into jazz in a way that you just couldn't if you needed to focus on the truths we know about Buddy Bolden's life.
Similarly, the soundtrack doesn't seek to find Bolden's true sound, but instead to create a facsimile that can appeal to more modern audiences.
Masterfully developed and performed by Winton Marsalis, the soundtrack helps us understand not who Buddy Bolden is, but what Buddy Bolden means.
Because really there was no true Buddy Bolden.
Not in the way that we imagine him, anyways.
The fact of the matter is that no single person invented jazz.
I'm sure Buddy Bolden was an innovator of the music, but there were dozens of unnamed musicians who created jazz in the dance halls and the brothels of New Orleans.
But Bolden's life is representative of all these musicians, and so many jazz musicians to come.
Bolden's life was one of class struggle and race struggle, one defined by a constant battle with mental illness.
Bolden's myth is one that foreshadowed the jazz greats to come after him.
Whether it's Charlie Parker or Bick Spiderbeck, John Coltrane, or Billy Holliday, the story of jazz is the story of great musicians overcoming adversity, only to face more.
It's the story of race and sex in America.
It's the story of the complicated relationship between art and money.
And it's the story about the dangers of chasing fame and glory.
The true story of Buddy Bolden.
Something we'll never know.
Maybe someday we'll find the famed Lost Cylinder or dig up some archival information and learn more about the man they called King.
But in the grand scheme of things, will that really change much?
I'd like to hear Buddy Bolden play just as much as the next guy.
But at the same time, I've heard Buddy Bolden play.
I've heard Buddy Bolden play through the fingers of Jelly Roll Morton.
I've heard him play through the lips of Lewis Armstrong.
And I've heard him brought to life by the mind of Winton Marcellus.
I've heard Buddy Bolden play in the vast ripples of music that spread ever outwards from New Orleans and spread even further to this day.
I don't need to hear Buddy Bolden's music because I've heard his story a thousand times.
Because the story of Buddy Bolden is the story of Jazz.
And we like to thank our favorite rocker guy, Polyphonic, for giving that intriguing story of Buddy Bolden, Charles Buddy Bolden.
And as tragic as it may seem, these stories that we hear about are musicians who are trapped in between emotional worlds and society that will leave one in the auspices of racist handlers.
I mean, that had to be a difficult balance for anyone to try to manage.
So we thank Polyphonic for giving us more information and history from his perspective.
Much appreciated.
And now we're looking at Louis Daniel Armstrong, born August 4th, 1901, died July 6, 1971.
Nicknamed Satchmo.
Satch and Pops was an American trumpeter and vocalist.
He was among the most influential figures in jazz.
His career spanned five decades in several eras in the history of jazz.
He received numerous accolades, including the Grammy Award for Best Male Vocal Performance for Hello Dolly in 1965.
In 1965, as well as posthumous win for the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1972 and induction into the National Rhythm and Blues Hall of Fame in 2017.
I said it that way because that's the way he says hello, Dolly.
And that's what I remember as a child growing up watching this movie with my dad, actually.
Not in 1965, because I wasn't born yet, but it played a lot in the 70s.
If I remember the late 70s, I believe it played.
And um, so I got to watch that with him.
So, anyways, Armstrong was born and raised in New Orleans, coming to prominence in the 1920s as an inventive trumpet and cornet player.
Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz, shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance.
Around 1922, he followed his mentor Joe King Oliver to Chicago to play in the Creole jazz band.
He earned a reputation at cutting contests, and his fame reached band leader Fletcher Henderson.
He moved to New York City, where he became a featured and musically influential band soloist and recording artist.
By the 1950s, he was a national musical icon, assisted in part by his appearances on radio and in film and television, in addition to his concerts.
His best known song included What a Wonderful World.
You've all heard that song.
What a Wonderful World.
And La Vie en Rose.
Uh Hello Dolly.
On the sunny side of the street.
Dream a little dream of me.
And When You're smiling, and When the Saints Go Marchin' In.
I know you've heard him sing Oh When the Saints go Marchin' In.
He collaborated with Ella Fitzgerald, producing three records together, Ella and Lewis, 1956.
Ella and Lewis again, 1957.
And Porgy and Beth, 1959.
That's very popular.
People usually know him from there.
He also appeared in films such as Rhapsody in Black and Blue, 1932, Cabin in the Sky, 1943, High Society, 1956, Paris Blues, 1961, A Man Called Adam, 1966, and Hello Dolly, 1969.
With his instantly recognizable, rich gravelly voice, Armstrong was also an influential singer and skillful improviser, bending the lyrics and melody of a song.
He was also skilled at skat singing by the end of Armstrong's life.
His influence had spread to popular music in general.
Armstrong was one of the first popular African American entertainers to cross over to wide popularity with white and international audiences.
He rarely publicly discussed racial issues, to the dismay of fellow African Americans.
But again, took a well-publicized stand for desegregation and the little rock crisis.
He was able to access the upper echelons of American society at a time when this was difficult for black men.
I'll tell you what, Lewis Armstrong was very influential on me as far as in music and my early days of piano lessons and things like that.
I love playing What a Wonderful World, and also hearing his raspy voice and uh gravelly voice, however you want to call it.
And I love my favorite is with Ella Fitzgerald when he sings, and we'll get to that part two.
When we get to the 1950s and we get to talk about Chuck Berry and all of those things, all of these great singers and icons, Chuck Berry, who really influenced rock and roll.
And so we're just barely getting into the the 3040s and 50s with uh Louis Daniel Armstrong and Cab Callaway.
And so he was definitely one of my favorites along with Ella Fitzgerald.
I listened to him a lot when in my younger days in piano and and uh music.
And so, again, Cabill Calloway III, boy, did he have command the presence on stage, born December 25th, 1907, passed away November 18th, 1994.
He again was an American jazz singer and band leader.
He was associated with the Cotton Club in Harlem.
Again, we'll be talking about that in part two.
About all the great clubs in Harlem and what was happening and cracking and bouncing in the music scene.
So Cab Callaway was a regular performer there in Harlem and became a popular vocalist of the swing era.
His niche of mixing jazz and vaudeville won him acclaim during a career that spanned over 65 years.
Callaway was a master of energetic skat singing and led one of the most popular dance bands in the United States from the early 1930s to the late 1940s.
His band included Trumpeters Dizzy Galypsi, Jonah Jones, and Adolphus Doc, uh Sheetham, and saxophonist Ben Webster and Leon Chuberry, guitarist Danny Barker, um, bassist Milt Hinton and drummer Cozy Cole.
Callaway had several hit records in the 1930s and 1940s, becoming known as uh Hideo, man of jazz for his most famous song, uh Minnie the Moocher.
Originally recorded in 1931.
Very fun song.
He reached the Billboard charts in five consecutive decades, 1930s and 1970s.
Callaway also made several stage film and television appearances until his death in 1994 at the age of 86.
He had roles in Stormy Weather, 1943, Porgy and Best, 1953, and The Cincinnati Kid, 1965, and Hello Dolly, 1967.
His career saw renewed interest when he appeared in the 1980 film, The Blues Brothers.
Go back and watch it.
I go back and watch it all the time.
And he was still a fabulous presence on stage, even in the Blues Brothers, 1980s, one of my favorite films when I was growing up as a kid.
Loved the Blues Brothers because of that scene.
And I appreciate that.
Jim Belushi, and then bringing that to the forefront.
I really love that scene.
And Callaway was the first African-American musician to sell a million records from a single and had to have a nationally syndicated radio show.
So he was also had a show, nationally syndicated radio show.
Everybody loved Cab Callaway.
In 1993, Callaway received the National Medal of Arts from the United United States Congress.
He posthumously received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in two thousand eight.
His song Minnie the Moocher was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in nineteen ninety nine and added to the Library of Congress, National Recording Registry in two thousand nineteen.
Three years later in 2022, the National Film Registry selected his home films for Purse Servation as culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant films.
You're gonna love the pieces that we're gonna show you here.
He is also inducted into the big band and jazz Hall of Fame and the International Jazz Hall of Fame.
Yeah, this is gonna be so cool.
I can't wait to play.
First, we're gonna be you're heal you're here, or excuse me, watch this part video, Louis Armstrong and his band Shine, uh, in this particular piece, followed by Cab Callaway, and um and his orchestra, you'll get a nice surprise.
It's gonna be fun.
So let's take a look at both of these videos.
Um stay with us again, starting with Louis Armstrong and his band, Shine.
So let's take a look and watch excerpt of that.
Just because my teeth are put in, or just because I always wear a smile.
Like to set up in the lady's time.
Just because I'm glad I'm living.
That's why they called me shine.
Well, here's the story about Minnie the Moocher.
He was the red hot huge.
She was the roughest, toughest frail.
But Minnie had a heart as big as the whale.
I hide the high.
He messed around with a float named Smokey.
She loved him, though he was okay.
He took her down to chime a town.
He showed a hard case.
The calm around.
I hide a hidea.
He had a dream about the king of sweets.
He gave her things that he was meeting.
He gave her a home built to go and see a diamond guy with the platinum wheel.
He gave her his down house and his racing hard too.
Each mute he ate was a dance and cartoon.
He had a million dollars with the nickels and dive.
He sat around and counted them all a million times.
So that was one of the fun songs I was telling you about.
So so fun.
And there's your call and response that we're talking about.
And so people knew when Cab Calloway would get on the stage, he commanded that stage, right?
You can't help but still smile, even though this is like decades ago.
Same thing with Louie Armstrong, right?
Very just dynamic on stage, and even if they were feeling bad, you'd never know it.
It was something that they had to get past that.
You wanted them to forget about what was going on in society and enjoy the moment.
The stage presence, the dancing, and all those things.
So wait, when we get to the part two, we'll be talking about how the musical influence.
What was going on in the 50s, 60s, and 70s, and that influence and genre and how music truly influenced um the changing of times and how the social aspect of music was very not only inspirational but uh influential.
And so I appreciate you taking some time to celebrate with us the 2023 Blackie Music Month, and just bringing you to the very humble beginnings of black music and helping people to understand that the roots come from the pain, and but the roots don't end with the pain.
So the roots of black music comes from the experience of pain, but allowed us to express it in a way that was so melodiac and beautiful, even in the churches when we go to church and we hear the Negro spirituals and the call and response from the preacher, and the call and response in just music, general music, even today, even in hip hop, as it's the 50th year in celebration of hip hop.
And we'll be talking about that as well throughout the year.
We won't wait till next year to talk about that, because the 50th anniversary is happening now.
But thank you for joining me for 2023 Black Music Month.
My name is Julia Dudley Najib, and we'll see you in the next go around.
Take care.
Welcome everyone.
I'm Helen Hutchison.
My colleague Deborah Scheffler and I are here to tell you about the measures on your Oakland ballot for the June 2nd election.
We're recording this on April 21st.
The League of Women Voters is a grassroots nonpartisan organization of women and men.
Nonpartisan means we never support or oppose political parties or candidates.
We were founded in 1920 when women gained the right to vote, and our goal is to safeguard democracy and make it work by building a society of informed and participating people at all levels of government.
The League has two branches.
In voter service and education, we work to present complete information and the arguments on all sides of an issue.
The League also has an action and advocacy branch where we do take positions and may advocate for legislation or ballot measures.
We keep the two roles separate.
We're here today representing the voter education branch.
So a few questions that we suggest you consider when you're deciding how to vote on any ballot measure is what does the measure actually do and why is it being presented to you?
What does it cost and how will it be paid for?
Is it well written or is it likely to cause more problems than it actually solves?
Follow the money, who's really behind it, who's paying for it, and which side do you agree with and the arguments before support or oppose?
Voting is not a test, so it's okay to leave blanks if you don't understand things.
Vote for what you where you really are where it's clear and things that are important to you.
There are four measures on the June 2nd ballot in October in Oakland.
One is for the Peralta Community College District, and three are for the city of Oakland.
I'm going to turn it over to Deborah now to talk about the community college measure.
So community college measure is measure A, and it is part, it is a County of Alameda measure.
So voter voters approved Measure B in 2012, a 48 dollar parcel tax to fund affordable higher education across the Peralta community colleges, which includes Laney and Merritt colleges here in Oakland, the College of Alameda in Alameda, and Berkeley City College in Berkeley.
The tax was reauthorized in 2018, but it will expire June 30, 2028.
The $8 million in annual funds generated by this task are used to prepare students for jobs and careers and for transfers to four-year colleges.
Funds are also used for retraining programs and preservation of core academic programs, as well as for recruiting and retaining faculty.
Oversight has been provided by an independent citizen committee that will continue to monitor expenditures.
And I want to emphasize that this is not a tax increase, but a renewal of an existing tax.
The fiscal impact of this measure would be to reauthorize the 48 dollar per year parcel tax for nine more years.
In lieu of expenditures in support or opposed to this measure, as we often show.
Here is a list of signed supporters and opponents.
And you can see here that many of the supporters are associated with our community college system.
So someone from Merritt College, the College of Alameda, the Peralta Federation of Teachers, the Alameda County Superintendent of Schools, and Zach Under Unger, who is currently a member of the Oakland City Council, but was formerly a Peralta College's Citizens Oversight Committee Chair.
There are no official funding committees opposed to this measure.
So what do the supporters say?
Supporters say that voting yes on A will maintain critical funding that supports students at Oakland's Laney and Merritt Colleges, College of Alameda and Berkeley City College, and it will help them obtain quality career training programs and avoid high interest debt.
In times of increasing educational costs and reduce state and federal funding, this measure provides critical funding that stabilizes these colleges' finances and enables students to learn skills for future employment.
There are no opposition statements on the Registrar of Voters website, nor have we identified other statements or articles in opposition.
What your vote means.
If you vote yes, that means that you support continuing this 48 dollar parcel tax.
If you vote no, it means you oppose the parcel tax.
And now I'm going to turn this over to Helen again.
Thanks, Deborah.
So before we talk about the first city measure on the ballot, is a quick reminder about how measures can get onto the ballot.
The city council can place measures on the ballot as they did with measure C and D on this ballot, or citizens or groups can circulate an initiative and have that get onto the ballot, and that is how we got measure E.
So I'm going to next slide, please, and I'm going to talk about measure C, which is a temporary business tax exemption.
Oakland has a business tax ordinance which taxes businesses according to the categories of what they do.
This was approved by voters in 2022, and so any changes also have to be approved by voters.
This measure was put on the ballot by the Oakland City Council to assist small businesses in Oakland with their post-pandemic recovery and to attract additional businesses to the city.
San Francisco has passed and renewed similar legislation in the past few years.
The proposal is to provide a one-year, so 2027, business tax exemption for small businesses that have an annual gross receipt of $1 million or less.
The measure would also provide a one-year business tax exemption in 2028 for new businesses opening in a commercial space in Oakland in 2027.
That exemption would be for up to one million dollars on taxes owed.
The fiscal effect of this would be the is provided by our city auditor.
If passed, this measure would exempt about 12,000 existing businesses from paying city business taxes and would result in about a $2.2 million savings for those city businesses.
That would mean a loss of about that same $2.2 million in business tax revenue for the city of Oakland for the calendar year 2027.
And again, in lieu of expenditures and support war measures, we've listed here the people who have signed this and were supporters.
It was placed on the ballot with the unanimous support from Oakland City Council, and we have not identified any opposition to the measure.
So the supporters say that Oakland small businesses are vital to our neighborhoods, and it's important to find tangible ways, such as tax relief to support their post-pandemic recovery.
Oakland should support measures such as this to encourage businesses to locate here rather than in neighboring cities.
Opponents might say things like that it's contradictory to offer even temporary tax exemptions at the same time that Oakland has declared a state of fiscal emergency, and we're and there's a new parcel tax measure on the ballot.
There is no clear data showing whether these tax exemptions actually have the desired impact on the small businesses or they're effective in attracting new businesses to Oakland.
So, what your vote means on this one, if yes, you support the temporary business tax exemption to support the small and new businesses in Oakland, and no means you oppose the temporary business tax exemption.
And back over to Deborah.
So this is a City of Oakland measure D, the PFRS or Charter Amendment, which requires 50% plus one.
The Oakland Police and Fire Retirement System called PFRS covers the city's sworn police and fire employees who were hired before July 1, 1976, and who chose not to transfer to CowPers, that's the statewide retirement system.
PFRS provides for the payment of retirement allowances, disability, and death benefits to its members and their beneficiaries.
PFRS is governed by a board of trustees, including three who must be retirees covered by the PFRS system.
Board member composition and frequency of in-person meetings is specified in our Oakland Charter.
Due to the age and geographic dispersion of the retirees, the PFRS board may soon be unable to find members who can agree to the in-person meeting requirements, and achieving quorum will become difficult.
So the board is seeking a modification to the charter to allow for the members to have the option to elect someone who is not a PFRS member.
The PFRS board is also seeking a charter amendment to allow for the board to meet no less frequently than quarterly.
This amendment would provide more flexibility and discretion of the board in setting meetings.
The board will still have the option to hold special meetings as needed.
There are no fiscal effects for the city of Oakland or for taxpayers involved in this measure.
So the supporters say that increased flexibility about who may serve as a trustee is a reasonable response to the increasing age and changing demographics of those who were covered by the system.
Increasing flexibility about the frequency of meetings is a reasonable response, since monthly meetings may not be needed and would entail unnecessary expense.
As for opposition, we have not identified any opposition to this measure.
So what your vote means, if you vote yes, you vote to support this PFRS board charter amendment.
And if you vote no, your vote to oppose this Charter Amendment.
And I'm going to hand it back to Helen for Measure E.
Thanks, Deborah.
So Measure E is called the Public Safety Cleanliness and Community Accountability Measure.
It also requires a simple majority, so 50% plus one to pass.
So in June 2025, the Oakland City Finance Committee projected a 40 million dollar deficit in the 2025 to 2027 budget.
So the cycle we're in right now.
Instead of budgeting for that for the projected revenue that deficit, the City Council budgeted based on an anticipated additional revenue through a new parcel tax or some other means to backfill that deficit.
The stated purposes of this measure are very broad spending categories.
So it's fire, police, homelessness, and clean city activities, a lot of the things the city measure does.
This if this measure does not pass, the city will revert to an alternative interim budget for the coming year.
The precise impact of not passing this measure on the city's budget and services is really unknown because there has been no alternative budget in the public, but rejection of this measure likely would result in layoffs and reductions in city services given the current revenue projections.
The measure requires a biennial audit by the city auditor.
It also establishes a seven-member oversight commission that would be charged with issuing a report on the expenditures of the revenues.
So the fiscal impacts of this.
Commercial property would be taxed based on the frontage and square foot square footage that it has.
This would be in place for nine years.
There are the usual exemptions we see in these kinds of measures for people with very low incomes, senior households, affordable housing, tenants and foreclosed family houses, property owned by religious organizations or schools, and there's a distressed homeowners exemption.
Oakland, the Oakland City Council discussed various possibilities for revenue generating measures, but ultimately did not propose the measure.
The measure, this measure was placed on the ballot by collecting signatures.
If a measure had come from the city council, it would have required a two-thirds vote to pass.
This measure, because it was placed on the ballot by collecting signatures, requires a simple majority.
Local unions provided approximately $440,000 for signature gathering.
As of today, April 1st, there is no organized opposition to measure E.
So arguments for this.
Supporters say that Oakland needs this additional revenue to address serious problems, including gun violence, illegal dumping, and challenges of helping the unhoused population.
Without these revenues, residents of in Oakland face reductions of core city services.
The city needs this revenue as it develops additional fiscal policies and plans to fully recover post-pandemic.
Opponents to this say that property taxes in Oakland are already at an unacceptably high level, and the measure gives so much discretion to the city council to decide the allocation of this money that the oversight is meaningless.
Proposing additional taxes to the existing tax tax proposing additional taxes to the existing taxes for property owners already pay requires much more transparency and justification than had been provided.
What your vote means.
If you vote yes, you approve a new parcel tax for nine years to help backfill the city budget deficit, and no means you oppose this new parcel tax.
Back over to Deborah.
All right, be an informed voter.
On our website, we have links to how to register to vote, change your registration, update it, ways to vote, important deadlines, and how to get informed about the measures.
Let's get a little more specific.
We have on our website one pagers on the pros and cons of these ballot measures we've just been discussing, and we have the Easy Voter Guide, an easy to read guide on tips on voting.
You can refer to them to learn more about these measures and about voting generally.
Vote 411 is our national platform.
And if you enter your address, you can view your entire ballot as well as links to voting resources, the kinds of things we've been talking about here.
While we never endorse candidates or parties, we do organize candidate forums and we post those recordings on our website also.
So thank you for attending this presentation.
And thank you for being a voter.
We have been championing democracy in Oakland since 1924 for over 100 years.
Again, please visit our website for more voting resources.
Finally, do consider becoming a member.
We offer a sliding scale fee to support all budgets, and most importantly, it's a validation of the work that we do.
Thank you again.
The blues is something we didn't want, but that's what we got.
And it acted as sort of like our psychological outlet, release.
It's the history of black people in America.
Starting from Congo Square.
Field holler from us.
Begging for our lives.
Every day.
I won't get the drive.
I won't get it drive.
I don't think you can grow up in Oakland during that time period and didn't play the blues because this is just part of the culture there.
Eugene Blackmail was magic gold to us.
Bob Gennings.
Shukapai Santo.
Jimmy McCracken.
Fake Carroll has an oakly sound.
We have a funkiness to us.
And it's just your story of you and what you feel.
That's what the booze is.
Horns is the indigenous to West Coast Blues.
Low Folsom, Jimmy McCracklin, Lewis Jordan, they all would have at least seven, eight horns.
Talking about these girls.
Blues is a blueprint of black life.
All of the joys, sorrows, the education, the mis-education and sexuality, just the whole blueprint of life.
And it had to be expressed.
And it came from a place of hardship because we were living hard.
Big mama showed gonna be numbers.
The Great Migration was an outpouring of six million African Americans from the South to the rest of the United States of America from the time of World War One until the 1970s.
90% of all African Americans were living in the South at the time the Great Migration began.
And that meant that 10% of all African Americans were spread out throughout the entire rest of the United States.
And this migration followed three beautifully predictable streams.
We focus on the development of West Coast blues, that wartime migration of so many cultures, Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma.
Music is probably the most significant and recognizable, instantly recognizable gift of the Great Migration.
I don't know what we would be listening to if there were no great migration.
I mean, literally, as Americans and thus as human beings, because of the impact that um American music has had on what people in the world listen to.
For the kids to know that, really know that, and know it from a prideful place.
But no, look what we did.
Our contribution is so great.
You bring these Africans over here to work for no pay, and you're gonna own them, and they're coming with this rich musical tradition that goes back thousands of years in Africa, and you know, put them in the fields, something happens.
The more you research black music, the more you realize everywhere black folks go, they create a musical scene of their own.
I grew up in the country, I know I drank well water, I worked in the field.
I know what it's like.
I kind of know where they're coming from.
The people brought the sounds that was with them, and once they became city people, the sounds evolved because they was evolving.
So the music starts reflecting that.
I always call it Black Roots because it came really from these spirituals and singing in the fields, and that's all that you had.
All American music, especially country music, is uh black blues, it's slave music.
From darkness, from tragedy, from tragic surroundings and environments, as we even learned from hip hop, comes great art.
What the migration did was it allowed people who had been held down to, in some cases within a single generation, lift themselves up to such a degree that they would actually have an indelible impact on the culture itself.
A lot of the cowboys come out of Texas.
Very famous lap steel guitarist.
The country western band.
Uh tune-up session.
They said, sure.
I looked up at it and I smiled.
I said, man, that's that's beautiful.
And I said, when I get to be a man, I'm gonna get me one of them, I'm gonna play it too.
He looked at me and he smiled and he said, I don't think so, son.
This is a white man's instrument, and niggas don't play them.
So I said, I'll be the first to play one.
I'll be the best at it.
But that was an old black man that did play one.
Things LC Goodrock and Robinson, Luton Berkeley.
I played bass behind them just to learn the technique of how to play the lap steel guitar.
And I did.
And that was over 30 years ago.
And now nobody can touch me.
Oh, I have a Charles Sullivan.
He would bring everybody in here.
Because he was a booking agent.
He would book the West Coast, period.
So he kept a lot going on here, you know.
Born around 1907, though he started with nothing, Charles Sullivan became known as the mayor of Fillmore.
When he was two, his mother signed papers that indentured him as an apprentice to Robert Sullivan.
That meant Robert became the master of Charles.
He abused and beat Charles.
Charles ran away for the first time at the age of 13.
He was determined to make it to the West Coast.
Young Sullivan landed on his speed in Los Angeles and got a job washing cars.
He also ventured into the jukebox and vending machine businesses.
With his jukeboxes and black bars on both sides of the bay, Sullivan became an important player in the growing record business centered around Oakland's 7th Street.
Sullivan also became the biggest concert promoter on the West Coast.
His crew promoted shows for James Brown, Jackie Wilson, Bobby Bluebland, Ike and Tina Turner, Ray Charles, The Temptations, and a host of other international blues and RD artists.
His businesses took off after he acquired the master lease for a building on Billmore and Geary.
He named it the Villmore Auditorium.
His fortune changed on August 2nd, 1966.
He was found murdered alone by the railroad tracks in San Francisco South of Market.
His murder is still unsolved.
Yeah, I saw BB King at the film auditorium when it was a black dance hall before Bill Graham was doing rock there.
A uh black businessman named Charles Sullivan was running the place.
And me and my friend Rick were the only two white guys in the whole place.
And uh, you know, I realized there's nothing dangerous about this place.
These people are friendly.
You know, and I I felt right at home.
In fact, that's that's when I said to myself, this is where I want to be.
I want to be in the middle of all of this.
The beauty of the Great Migration was that it was a leaderless revolution.
The only way that they could get any information was if they could get their hands on one of the northern newspapers, the Chicago Defender, the Pittsburgh Courier, the Pullman Porters would drop them off in designated locations off of the side of the tracks.
This is the beauty of the network of how did they make this happen without cell phones and texting and email.
And it's amazing what the human heart will do when it has a desire to be free.
For a long time I thought I was from Arkansas.
I'm on the line of Arkansas and Louisiana.
They ended up here because my father, he beat up this guy.
It was a white guy, and he was harassing his sister.
And so my dad came up and saw what was happening, and he got angry, and he beat him up.
But we knew he's gonna come back with a lot of people.
So we're gonna get out of here.
And he made his sister.
She left everything.
The house, everything.
So uh he threw us all in the car, including his sister, and down the highway we went, and we stopped in Vallejo, California.
And my father told me this story over and over as a kid.
My grandmother was named Minnie, and the insurance guy came by and said, I want to two guineas to get insurance.
And he said, My children ain't no damn guineas.
She had told him, so you shouldn't assassinate him.
You could, Eddie, they can come back for you.
She made him leave.
They was at the train station, here come the clan, and they rolled up on the side of the train and said, Stop this train.
He said, We're on government rails.
You can't get him.
You go find another one.
We moved to uh to Oakland right there on 8th Street behind 7th Street, which was the epicenter of Black Life.
They had stores there.
The movie theater was there on 7th Street.
You would see both sides of the street businesses.
You would see people walking back and forth, both sides, all black, well dressed, very amountable, happy music, music, music.
The first African American music that I know for sure was played on 7th Street.
It was in 1917 at a club called the Creole Cafe.
And Kid Ori and his band from New Orleans was playing there.
But it was sort of a tradition.
On Saturday night, we'd get in the car, mother, daddy, and electra, go down to West Oakland and do our shopping.
Because it was a drugstore.
There were markets along the way, clothing stores, because these were the people that supported dad, and he made sure that he went down and supported them.
You'd see all walks of life because don't forget, they had hard shops, pool halls, record stores, Wolf Records, and Reed Records was the ticket masters of the day.
This street here had a lot of juke jobs.
Like this one place here, this would have been nearly the Kit Kat Club or the uh or the black girls's lounge further down, but it might have been the Rex Club.
It could have been the main event.
All these clubs were on this street.
And you'd go from one to the other, one to the other, one to the other.
And then they'd always have a jam section.
Of course, you'd see the white and black, maritime workers, the white guys from the South.
We'd run in the S's orbit room to get hog balls, to get, you know, to get oxtails to get the real Southern food.
With the war came the demand for down home blues from Texas in particular, the kind of blues that uh the new residents had heard back home.
And Bob Geddings filled that demand.
When he got ready to leave Texas, uh him and a friend jumped on a freight train.
He left from Los Angeles to visit his mom up here in Oakland.
And he said he went down on 7th Street and he said, he seen all them people down there.
He said, This is where I need to be at.
I bet I can get the blues over.
Bob Gettings built uh his own studio by hand from used parts and began recording these down home blues musicians and singers like uh Law Fulson and Casey Douglas.
Bob Gettings' style was always that gospel thing.
He didn't like a lot of festival.
That's the kind of style that was popular or made it to the charts, but that's not Oakland Blues.
Oakland Blues is more jumpy with the horn thing, much more lively.
But that slow draggy Bob Gettings blues was great.
It really put Oakland on the map.
What is the blues?
Well, maybe different people got different opinions in the room, but my opinion of the blues is when you're all down and out and you're a woman or something and treated you wrong, and the next day you just got that certain feeling, low down and feeling.
I call it, and it and it lay the language on your mind, so I figured that's the blues on your mind.
I recorded my first hit record here in the Bay Area with Bob Gettings, who was producing soul music and all that.
I brought a tape to his studio one day with the I Wanna Know hit.
And I was sitting in the studio when Sugar Pie and Pee Wee came in with a huge recording.
She said, Bob, I think I got one.
She, oh yeah.
Plug it in, let me hear it.
So they plugged it in.
Because I want to know.
Bob said, You come back tonight, and we're gonna cut that sucker out.
He said, and he was so funny.
My God, that sounds like the heck.
Some people are born with sound in the ear.
They don't have to know, you know, not a not an inkling of music.
It's all a feel.
And this is what he had.
You know, he couldn't leave A flat and be flat, but he could feel and you could hear.
And very keenly.
And you couldn't fool him for nothing in real.
You know, if you try to say, well, no, uh, Gettings, I don't want that there.
I want it over your saw.
And he had that draw.
Oh, no, don't play that.
You know what I mean?
Really down, down home, dude.
But he knew what he wanted.
And he come across with it.
Any artist that he was producing, he would always hum the way he wanted to hear them sing it.
You know what I mean?
So it was a certain feeling and emotion that he would want to see.
He was recording Low Fulton, and he had those metal discs.
You know what I mean?
And every time Lou Fulton would home the wood wrong way, he'd have to take that this up, bend it up, and throw it away.
And he would be meh.
And now he used to sit and laugh because I say, Man, you should go through all that of problems trying to make a record.
Three o'clock jump was the first hit on Bob Gettings' label, blues Hit that Lowell done.
And that's what put Bob Geddings on the map.
He was able to buy a lot of new equipment and everything.
You know, sometimes I'd be playing.
I'd take off my hat and lay it down, and I'd look at it.
It'd be full.
And I'll take it and do it like this, so I wouldn't waste nothing.
Law was a self-taught guitarist influenced by the strains of his 90-year-old grandfather's violin.
In 1939, one of his first professional jobs was replacing Howland Wolf in a country band led by a singer named Texas Alexander.
Soon after, Law was drafted into the military and then relocated to the Bay Area at the end of World War II.
Folsom began recording for Bob Giddens in 1946.
Folsom bands were the launch pad for many greats like Lloyd Glenn, J.
McShannon, Ray Charles, Ike Tina Turner, King Curtis, and Stanley Turantine.
In the 1990s, Lowell recorded and toured, winning several WC Handy Blues Awards.
He was inducted into the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame.
He also received two Grammy nominations and the RB Foundation Pioneer Award.
Lowell and BB are among the key architects of the new urban, sophisticated and horn-driven blues that remains popular to this day.
His legacy as a guitar player is rarely matched.
His fluid delivery up against his damping legato phrasing and attack is still studied intently by serious students of blues guitar.
Fulson's legacy floats on.
You said you want.
And with his carpentry skills, he put a partition down the middle of the store, and the shoe repair shop was here.
Mother had gone to beauty school, and the beauty shop was on the other side.
Blacks tended to support other blacks.
So we had a chance to meet and know quite a few people.
West Oakland's black community in the middle decades of the 20th century developed a rich and robust entertainment culture.
It was a good time in history because there was no line of demarcation between professions.
You shopped with one another, the money circulated.
It was unheard of to be unemployed because you could always work for one of the merchants.
But also, homelessness was unheard of.
Uh that we had under segregation.
Well, the war in it, the jobs in it, and integration.
You couldn't go to the Fairmount before, but now you can.
So everybody took off to the Fairmont that used to go to Slim Jenkins.
And he had to lay off some waitresses, he had to lay off a cook, you know.
And it was just a domino effect.
The cast system was formalized and uh commodified in the South.
And it migrated with the people when when they uh journeyed out of the South trying to escape it.
It's about a structure of hierarchy that exists in this country.
It's a kind of a blueprint for how people are to be treated.
It's been passed down through generation for generation.
And to break through that means to understand what it is and to know that it is not about how you feel about someone.
How dare anyone mistreat another person for the characteristics that they had nothing whatsoever to do with Jimmy McCracken is the most important musician to come out of the Bay Area post-World War II.
McCracklin fell under the tutoring of Walter Davis, the great blues vocalist and pianist.
After a stint in the Navy, he chose a career in entertainment and migrated to the West Coast, finally settling in Richmond, California.
He recorded for a slew of labels before associating with Bob Getting Sr.
It was with Giddens that McCracklin was the most fertile and creative.
As proof that he wrote the thrill is gone, McCracken offered a wrinkled envelope postmarked 1948 that was mailed to himself, with the song title written on the flap of the envelope.
McCracken claims between Lowell Fulson and himself that he is the better songwriter.
Well, now they're both gone, and there's no debate.
Jimmy McCracklin died at the age of 91.
The song that was made famous by B.B.
King was written right here, and that is the thrill is gone.
It was Bob Gates and Roy Hawkins and Jim McCracken is the authors of that song.
He wrote that song for Roy Hawkins.
My dad never made our contracts with an artist.
And B.B.
King didn't blew up.
It blew up.
BB King was signed to Martyr and Records in them days, and that's who my dad used to sublease to.
And look who years later, B.B.
King make the thing and make a big old hit out of it.
We don't get none.
The thrill is gone.
Was one of the first blues songs ever to hit the pop charts.
First.
The thrill of working with a great artist like Sugar Pie.
And they give you cues.
Um palaya.
In Filipino, it means a bit of melon or sour fruit.
And I'm named after my father's mother.
Um Palaya.
Mashima.
Bellantoni.
Why the name?
I fairly young age and started uh singing at the theaters locally in San Francisco, you know, like the Ellis Theater.
I ran into Johnny Otis, who discovered me.
Way back in the early 50s, and right away he liked me.
He said, You are going with me.
I said, excuse me.
And who are you?
You know what I mean?
I'm the Johnny Otis, you know, hand guy, don't, don't notice it.
Really?
He said, Yes.
I went to LA and cut my first record in 1955.
First one.
With Johnny Oakis.
And I never forget it.
He said, I tell you, you're so little.
You're just a little shirt.
And that's how I got it.
He named me right on the spot.
My first record.
Please be true and boom-diddy wahwa, baby.
Never forget it.
Raise your hand.
Yeah, buddy.
I said raise it.
And when you're ready to say, get up.
I said, get up.
And I always could control an audience.
I said control.
If I say move left, they'll move.
I say go right there.
If I say come on, they'll come.
It's just something in the way that I portrayed my talent.
I just brought them with me.
And it's the same that applies today.
Same thing.
Aaron Tebow Walker was a main ingredient in the Texas to Oakland Blues pipeline.
Walker and his music were transported by the Great Migration.
As a young boy, T-Bone was a guide for Blind Lemon Jefferson, a street musician and father of the Texas Blues.
Jefferson mentored Walker in the Art of Blues guitar.
T-Bone recorded his first release in 1929.
He was known as the father of the electric blues.
His stamp on the Oakland blues scene is simply undeniable.
You could catch his performance at Slim Jenkins and at both of Don Barksdale's clubs, The Sportsman, and The Showcase.
T-Bone was an amazing showman.
He always dressed neatly and was known for doing the splits while playing his guitar.
Bernita Walker fondly recalls tonight in 1987 that her dad received his induction into the rock and roll hall of fame.
She remembers Chuck Berry claiming his own stage antics came from T Bone Walker.
And that as far as he was concerned, T Bone Walker was the greatest entertainer of all time.
In 1975, at the age of 64, T-Bone left the earth way too soon.
His style of guitar licks is still being copied all over the world.
When they came here to California, when they came here to Oakland, they were met with tremendous resistance.
And this resistance came in the form of often violence when they saw to move into a neighborhood that was outside the prescribed places assigned to them in each of these cities.
They were met with restrictive covenants, which meant that uh white homeowners were forbidden to sell to them even if they were so inclined to sell to them.
It was written into the very deeds of the property.
And then there was redlining, which meant that the government would not permit loans in the places where African Americans lived.
Will the new black migrants have access to jobs?
Will they have access to housing?
Will they have access to politics?
These were formal walls that were created to restrict African Americans from owning homes to be able to build wealth that other Americans were permitted to do.
And wealth does not mean that you were rich.
Wealth just means what assets, what resources do you have to call upon for the development of your family and your family's health.
We still live with the effects of that to this day.
Most opportunities have in the United States been racialized in the 20th century.
That's simplyed with uh Larry Rims for a long time, who made Bone and Moroni.
He played with Edna James, T.
Bone Walker, and everybody else, you know, because he's going back to the beginning.
And he had a great band.
He probably had one of the greatest bands that ever come out of Oakland.
We started playing at the place called The Shack.
It's in Russell City, and it's all hogs and pigs out there.
And the shack.
It was a nightclub.
But I guess what they call a real old, old juke joints.
When the sun shine, the sun comes right through the wood, and it would rain right on us while we were playing.
It was one way in and one way out.
You go down and it was a nicer club, stucco and all that.
We weren't old enough to get in there.
We told them we were playing down at the shack.
Johnny Tower was playing.
And man, wow, this guy, you know.
That's how I met him.
I won a talent show at the Oakland Auditorium.
And part of the prize was to be able to sing with a professional band and a professional club.
The band was Johnny Talbot and the thing.
And the venue was the side door at Zanzibar, California Hotel.
So that's how I got started.
I started adding a horn player like every six months.
So I had a like almost an orchestra.
And I mean, pump.
It was only one person in my way.
And that was Johnny Talbot.
You know, like in the fight sports.
He was the reigning champion.
I had to give it to him.
The blues man can tell you a story.
And in the old days, he'd tell you a story, and the song may break down and go one direction and come right back.
Nowadays, a great blues man can tell you a story, and then the song would go through eight chord changes and then come back and then have a rap breakdown and then come back and then he'd tell you the same story.
So uh the blues evolved uh into funk because the music that backed up these stories evolved.
The blues, it was a natural development, and a lot of people mistake the blues as something easy that you can do easily.
To play the eight bar blues, the country blues and the twelve-bar blues, which is the city blues, they added one more four-part chorus to the city.
So you got a problem, you state the problem.
You state it again in the second chorus.
Last four bars is the solution.
It's a very vital part.
It's uh natural folk art spread around the world.
Lily Mae, Big Mama Thornton.
She was born in Orton, Alabama in 1926.
She began singing in church, but her mom was a gospel singer and her dad was a preacher.
In 1950, Big Mama Thornton recorded her first record as a member of the Harlan Stars.
She signed a contract with Peacock Records where she cut several singles.
Well, on the road with the Johnny Otis show, Big Mama cut a song that was handwritten on a paper bag called Houndo.
Big Mama tweaked it lyrically while the Johnny Otis band tweaked it rhythmically.
The song shot to number one on the RB charts and stayed for seven weeks.
It was the biggest hit of her career.
She was paid a minimal fee for her efforts, and she never received a penny in royalties.
Her career had many additional highs and lows.
Toward the end of the 1950s, Big Mama moved to the Bay Area and settled in Oakland.
She played on 7th Street and all over the West Coast.
One of Big Mama's finest career moments was playing at Carnegie Hall, performing with the Count Basie Orchestra and John Hammond's Spirituals to Swing Concerts.
Big Mama played her last concert at the Julia Morgan Theater in Berkeley.
Although she was ill and used to Walker.
She was still feisty and had a disruptive patron tossed from the venue.
She completed this show with a resounding approval from her audience.
Our big mama died that same year in Los Angeles.
And it's remembered as one of the finest blues performers of all time.
When I first went to Europe, it was with Big Mama Thornton.
And the first concert we played was at a beautiful hall in Baden Barton, Germany.
And Big Mama started to sing, and definitely quiet.
I mean, it was so quiet, I started looking around.
What's going on?
And once she completed Thunder Salvation, and of course, on the tour, it was Big Mama, Buddy Guy, Jonathan Lee Hooker, Fred McDowell, Freddie B.
Lo.
And they were like close to the fathers.
You know, we're often asked, how is it overseas versus versus performing here?
When we come to Europe, they're hearing artists did art singing in their language.
And they appreciate what we do.
When we get back home, it's like, yeah, well, no, so-and-so does the blues.
So does 40 other people.
I went from being uh like a child prodigy to actually playing a club and from playing a little club in my little hometown to playing in Oakland.
And Oakland was like New York to me.
I actually got the job at Glide, and I was really only supposed to be at Glide for two weeks.
And then I ended up doing it for 35 years.
Paul Reed, uh Reeves Records was the promoter of gospel music at the Oakland Auditorium.
Everybody who was great, they were able to showcase.
I love the way it made me feel.
There's certain chords were the ones that made me feel so happy, so beautiful.
Why did they come here to sing to us?
Because we needed home to come where we were because we had migrated here.
It was like visiting somebody in jail.
You brought the you brought the cookies, you brought the sandwich.
The phrasing and those notes make you cry, they can make you happy.
The sacred and the secular, it's not as divided in our community as it is in most.
That's why they sold out when they came here, because they brought home back to us.
Blues is the genesis.
I I pray that that never evaporates.
Omar Sharif was born David Alexander Elam on March 10th, 1938 in Shreveport, Louisiana.
His family settled in Marshall, Texas while he was still an infant.
Marshall, Texas, claims to be the birthplace of the Boogie Woogie.
Though Dave Alexander's dad was a piano player.
In 1957, after two years in the military, the Texas Oakland Blues pipeline shuttled Alexander to Oakland.
And for 10 years he toiled tirelessly in Oakland area clubs.
He first recorded in 1968 on the World Pacific label on a compilation album entitled Oakland Blues.
Omar, in the company of such greats as Albert Collins, El C Good Rockin' Robinson, and Lafayette Thing Thomas, with tracks arranged and directed by Jimmy McCracklin, helped create a highly regarded collector's item that has become a prime example of Oakland Blues.
His first recording under Omar Sharif was the critically acclaimed The Raven, released in 1991.
It streams the essence of a powerful blues statement, dissonant jazz chords, T-Bone Walker's hesitation mix, and it incorporates painfully poignant lyrics.
Omar Sharif with the gifted brilliance blends blues, jazz, classical, and other distinct styles, to his politically charged lyrics.
Along with the smooth grace of Charles Brown, Alexander sets the standard for blues piano on 7th Street.
Well, my family, my father and us were living in West Oakland, across from a school called Durant.
And one day, on a Saturday, um, we heard something outside, and was I guess it was music because in 55, you know, TVs and radios and all, we didn't have that.
So we went outside and it was a band playing.
Never seen nothing like that.
Never in my life.
Didn't know what a guitar was, didn't know what drums were.
It was Larry Graham, Dale Hart, and Eugene Blackmail.
Well, Larry had electric guitar.
And Eugene Blackmail was in the background.
He had an acoustical guitar.
And they had all that uh everybody else had uh electrified instruments and I I mean, that was it.
I my father came home, my brother and I said, Well, we want to play.
And he said, No.
So I what I did was, uh, I was in seventh grade.
I made a guitar in Woodshop.
The instructor in that class, he got into it, he cut out the shape of a guitar, and then he helped me put breaths on there and all that.
When my father came home, I showed him I got a guitar.
Then he knew I really wanted to play.
And so then he uh he took me and bought a guitar, but I won't even want to let Larry had a it's called the Supero, and I threw away the one I made.
I grret that every time I think about it.
I'm a product of Oakland, even though I was born in Texas and at McClamen's, we had a music teacher who was we considered a genius.
Almost everybody he touched did well in the music field.
Mr.
Penn.
Heard of him.
He was a great music teacher, and I would go to him and ask him, show me a line, and he'll show it to me, and then we be playing someplace, and all the bass players in the club run up to me.
Show me what you did.
Show me what that was and stuff like that.
And I used to depend on him.
The school we went to, the teachers and the counselors encouraged you to do your best.
You know?
And uh, I get sentimental.
Give me a minute.
And they um always tell you, don't settle for less.
And uh that carried me a long way.
I played drums, drum kit exclusively.
Uh, born and raised in Oakland, and I started playing in clubs at about 13 or 14.
I played with various musicians who are no longer with us, Eddie Foster, Bobby Forte, Claude High.
I played with Miss Fake Arrow.
And uh, played a Don Barksdale's Sportsman's Club.
The Whispers came up from Los Angeles.
We played, we backed the whispers up.
Uh, Dobie Gray, he made a hit called I'm In with the In Crowd, and O V Wright.
He was a soul singer from the South.
I'm a from a jazz background.
But jazz musicians know how to play the blues.
And uh, you have to because people ask you and say, Oh, after you play all that jazz, all that fancy stuff, can y'all play some blues?
You know, that's what we guess.
So I know what the blues is, and I know how it goes, right?
My baby went to Sweet Jimmy's one Friday night.
All of a sudden, there was a fight.
Somebody walked up and grabbed her from my pulled out a razor and cut him 20 times.
I was just telling Del Hart how I would, I was in high school, and he was playing at a club in East Oakland called Al's House of Smiles.
And we used to, the back door used to be open with a screen on it.
So I'd be you'd have to go around this dark alley like you could see in the club and listen, but you could go through the screen, and the steps led right up to the stage.
They had a stage that was above the bar.
So I I would go up those steps, and Eugene and Dale Hart and them, they'd be up there playing, and they'd always let me play the last song.
I'd sit there all night.
We would watch these cats that were out there doing it, like the Ballards and Eddie Foster and Johnny Talbert's band.
Matter of fact, we named our first band D Emeralds because Johnny, it was Johnny Talbot and D Thames.
But Ron, Ron Wells, uh, I first time I saw him, we were at a talent show at the Oakland Auditorium, and it was Gene Blackmail and his band.
Johnny Brown, all the cats was in the band.
You they were backing up Joe Simon.
And I mean, they were killing.
But before they went on, we were just back there watching the cats.
And Ron Wells was sitting on the drums.
He was just backstage playing with him before they went on.
He wasn't a drummer in the band at the time.
But he, you know, these were all his homies.
I said, Who's that cat?
That was my first time seeing you, man.
My first time.
As NACP talent.
Yeah.
The Oakland Auditorium Theater.
Right, right.
So these cats are like, you know, role models for me.
You know, these cats were out there doing it, making records.
And we had a community here where even though we had the national artists like James Brown, Bobby Bland, BB King, all these cats coming through the area.
Lou Rawls would be at the showcase, or the sportsman, Argentina Turner, the the uh Impressions, Curtis Mayfield, and the Impression.
We had all that going on, but then we had a community that was amazing, like the ballads, like Faye Carroll, Johnny Calvin and the Thing, D Thangs, and all these Eddie Foster, Marvin, Marvin Holmes, yeah.
Fred Hughes.
Freddie is probably, for my estimation, one of the most incredibly emotional voices, phenomenal voices that ever came out of the Bay Area that should have actually been an international voice.
Listen to that song Sharing that was that I wrote that the vitamin album.
I haven't seen anybody since Fred that could sing as good as Fred.
And suddenly the world you see your film.
I started um singing in church, and uh I was with uh Edwin Hawkins.
And uh his sister Fetty and Carol Hawkins.
It uh left and went his way, and I continued to try and sing, so I noticed that there's a whole lot of good singers in the church.
So, you know, it wasn't no way, it's a way to rehearse and learn your craft, but it's not a place to get paid properly.
A lot of folks didn't particularly like me because I sang high, and I didn't I had a gospel friend.
What I want to tell you about Fred.
Out of all of the singers, that come out of Oakland.
I'm talking about everybody.
He is the guy.
You know, you talk about he got a good, he's got a good voice.
But when he was a kid, he was unbelievable.
I sung hard and I sang.
I had a lot of range, you know.
Just share funny song about I learned how to produce records through Norman Connors.
I was there through his whole career.
Matter of fact, came out with roommates in New York.
Norman was like a conduit.
He had this record deal, and uh he was able to go into the community and bring all these incredible talents, Phyllis Hyman, Michael Henderson, and and record them.
We both told each other when we were starving to death in New York that if either one of us made it, we would pull the other one.
So when he his record would play them, he got me a record deal with Buddha Records.
He named my band Vitamin E.
And um, I got Freddie Hughes, Lady Bianca, David Gardner, those were my singers.
Like I'm impossible about to see.
But that girl just won't see me, and it's Jeremy Lee.
My most famous song probably would be As You Are with Phyllis Hyman.
I think a lot of people had a misconceptions about um my writing because it later on, people say, Well, you you never write about love or nothing like that.
Because I create music, uh, probably different than a lot of other people do.
And at first, when I started back in the uh early 60s, not being able to go to school or for music or anything.
I you just go by what you hear on the radio, and I met a guy named uh Eddie Foster, probably one of the baddest guitar players in the world.
I mean, you include include him with George Benson, and he was from Oakland.
I would go and I'd practically uh be sleeping on his porch.
And he said, Oh man, come on in, nicest guy in the world.
And so he started teaching me.
I never even thought about uh if people like what I did, I always recorded um what I felt.
My whole thing is drums and percussions.
I played all of it.
Conga, timbalas, bata drums, the whole bit.
I studied it.
I really started with the Escovito family.
And they they took me under their wings and taught me that.
And from there, I went into the exploring the funk part of the music.
That's why we had the Oakland funk machine.
And after that years of that and the whole bit, I got that together, I started exploring jazz.
That's when I met Cal J.
Then I played with Cal J.
Then I played with everybody that came through Oakland.
Through that, I developed my own style of playing.
I had a combination of the funk, the Latin and the jazz.
And I know it's true.
I'm mute before we play.
What will we do?
Later on.
Just to keep people on.
I wanted to be different.
I wanted to call myself the disciple of the blues.
So I had to sit down and think about what would a disciple look like if he wanted to call himself this.
So I figured, well, he'd put a turban on his head and a fake jewel right in front of it.
And I wore that for about five years.
Until people start saying the wrong things about me and doing the wrong thing.
I remember when I took it off, I was playing this place in Calgary, Alberta.
We had finished playing that evening, and three guys came out and had guns on me and said I was a terrorist.
I was afraid of them, you know, but I looked at Matilda's mind.
You guys just came in and was dancing to my music.
I said, the only accent that I have is my southern accent that I speak with.
So this is a costume.
I said, if you want to kill me, go ahead.
And they looked at one another, put the guns up, walked away.
We started out doing gospel, and then we made a transition into the blues.
And from that we uh got a lot of recognition around the Bay Area.
We uh came from an era where everything was done live in the radio stations.
Uh my father and them were singing live in um uh radio station called K R E in Berkeley.
We were absorbing everything from him and their group, uh, because they had a very nice group called uh the Golden West Singers.
As I got older, then I I got bold enough to sing by myself.
And so my father finally he heard me sing.
And he says, Oh, Robert, you can sing like that.
My dad always taught us to sing from our gut and not saying from your throat.
It was kind of like a training whereas if you're gonna do a song, you gotta sing the song from your heart.
So we'd be in a heartfield, we had to sing.
You know what I'm saying?
So that's that's what we did.
We sang.
Music is a story.
It comes from what a person goes through a lot of times or what they're going through.
The world doesn't get a picture of what's going on with a person or where he comes from.
Unless we tell it through music.
Don Barstell was a former NBA basketball player who opened up uh the showcase and the sportsman club.
Eddie James played there, Lou Rawl, Low Willie John, Bobby Bluebland, uh Bobby Freeman.
Friend of mine uh suggested that I go down to the Showcase Lounge because they had a talent show on Thursday, and so I went down there and I sang on the uh talent show, and then I won.
And I think you'd get like 25 bucks, and I was in college, and so like 25 bucks in college back in the in the 60s was a lot of money, and so um I started going every every week.
At that time, the radio stations they played all types of music, and Oakland was a big blues town, and so I'm listening to that on the radio, so I was influenced by not only gospel but blues, uh, country music.
My mother was a big country music fan.
We had what was known as Black Radio in every neighborhood.
KDIA was on the radio all day long.
If you went in a club and you were singing or doing entertaining, the audience would know your song better than you.
KDA was an interesting uh radio station.
I mean, you'd be listening to music all of a sudden uh Barbara Ann Jones, your mama said you better be home in 15 minutes, so you're gonna get a whooping, you know.
It was that kind of thing, it was a community-oriented, and places that played basically black music, uh, they started switching it over, and uh it kind of feeded the blues completely out.
Uh you know, they just decided there wasn't a big enough audience anymore.
The East Bay was as segregated racially in terms of its neighborhoods and housing markets as any American city.
Oakland is a city of beautiful homes and views, a fine place for living, working, and raising children, but in Oakland's future, as in all larger cities, there is an internal threat, the cancer of housing decay.
Here the speckled stuff is the residential neighborhoods, and so these are the two neighborhoods that the post office took out, but all that that mid-century rhetoric about newer, better, finer, and really nobody with designs on cleaning up the neighborhood.
Much looked beyond the Cypress Freeway for 50 years, big city panned and budget, made Bart knock out, made the post office knock out 500 homes, and they had villages on every side, low income.
But when it came, they gave them four or five thousand a move.
So everybody started leaving West Oakland.
The houses were demolished by Abdo Allen's demolition company, and the way he was able to be the low bidder was he had a World War II surplus tank.
There are photos of him just driving into these little raised basement cottages, poof, and when the dust clears, he climbs out of the tank and waves.
Now you might say all of these things are necessary for an urban infrastructure.
They're necessary for the fabric of a city, and that's quite true.
But the question is: how are they located?
Where are they located?
What happens to the people who live in the places and spaces where they're located?
And that's where I think we have to say that race was an enormous factor in disadvantaging people in West Oakland.
And they would dream that the city could say you gotta move.
When my father and mother work hard, and there's their house, and then you know, my mother was upset about what they offered them because she wasn't gonna move.
The decades after World War II are about creating fairness in these markets.
So you hear the terms like fair employment, fair housing.
These are all objectives of black politicians and the black community, but they don't open quickly, they don't open entirely.
There are enormous political fights about making it happen.
The civil rights struggle, Jim Crow, all that we have gone through, touches me so very deeply.
Because so many of the issues that we had then, we still have now.
And if they're killing people in the streets, to me, it's just a modern day lynching, and there's been things going on that we did not know about at the time was not publicized, but the people who it was happening to actually knew it, but they couldn't bring it to justice.
Black bodies swinging, and the sun.
From the Billie Holiday sang this song, and she defied everybody by singing it, which I thought was so brave and so beautiful, and the song speaks of such a truth that I just want the feeling of that song.
When you say fruit, you're not talking about a nectarine, or you're not talking about a plum.
When you say fruit that's hanging from a tree, you're talking about a human being.
To me, that's just I to this moment and describing you what it makes me feel like.
You have people like C.L.
Dellums, who was the head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Union in West Oakland.
We heard a lot about him, our family, and then those that are around us because of the Pullman Porters.
I remember him so well.
Byron Rumford, uh, who was a pharmacist, uh, lived in South Berkeley.
He was working very hard into the legislature to uh to get rights in the area of property, and it's really the working together in the East Bay Democratic Party in the 1940s and 1950s.
That's really the origin of what we might call the kind of black political capacity.
The 1960s and 1970s generation is one might say more complicated generation.
Paul Cobb, I knew when he was a high school kid, Elijah Turner.
I remember Edith Austin.
They were all part of that group of us that would meet together and talk about strategies and agree to lead some kind of movement in 1967 when the Black Panther Party marched into the state capitol building in Sacramento, that was on May 2nd, 1967.
That was the same day Aretha Franklin's respect was released.
At the end of that day, you'd watch on the news, these brothers with guns walking in the state capitol building, and then you turn on your radio and you're hearing R E S P E C T.
And you're getting this whole experience.
1967.
I had a record called Believe in Me Baby.
It was about the fast life.
And as I was singing this song, I just started saying things, and the more I said about that lifestyle, the crowd would holler and scream, you know, every time I would say something.
Uh, guy came in from uh Los Angeles, he was with 20th Century Fox.
We was on the show with the whispers, and you know, the girls all screaming for the whispers.
So this guy comes back.
He said, I'd like to sign you to a contract.
I said, wait a minute.
I said, how come you not trying to sign the whispers?
All the women are screaming for them.
He said, I never will forget this.
He said, there are five headaches.
You're only one.
In the late 60s, I think 69.
My neighbor, there was a mailman, and he was like, Well, when are you gonna do a show?
And I was like, Well, I don't have a band.
So he was like, Oh, well, I do a little managing, and I've got a band that lives in uh Fremont called the Motown Soul Band.
He says, I'm gonna take you out there and hook you up with them.
So I rehearsed with him for a couple times, and then nothing never really happened.
And the only person that was here was uh in Oakland was Larry Graham.
And I just kept saying, if only I could meet Larry Graham, I know that that's my ticket to success.
So I went to Saul Zance, who was the owner of Fantasy Records, I asked him to release me from Fantasy Records.
He wanted to know why.
I said, I just want to be unencumbered.
So I wanted to make sure that when I met Larry Graham, if I ever got a chance to, that I was like, I'm free.
Whatever you want to do with me, let's do it.
And then I would be going to places in Oakland, I'd go to a club, and somewhere in conversation, oh, Larry Graham just left here.
Then I'd go to a party, say, Oh man, Larry Graham was here.
I said, Oh my god, I'm I'm like snake bitten, right?
And so I'm driving down the street one Saturday, and who do I see in the middle of the street with his hood up?
His car had conked out, was Larry Graham.
So I stopped and I help him get his car started.
And then I, you know, while we're doing that, I'm telling him, Hey, my name's Lenny, and I'm a singer and whatever.
And he's like, Well, come up to my house tonight.
We're gonna be jamming, you know, Neil Sean from Journey and different people gonna be over there, we're gonna be hanging out.
So I go up, and then I'm on my way up there, and then my home training kicks in.
I stop and get a bottle of wine.
And then I walk in and I give it to him.
He says, Man, I invite people to my house all the time, and you're the first one that ever brought something.
And so then we became fast friends.
The next thing I know, and we start writing music, and and then, you know, hooked up with uh Tower Power through him.
Well, how I started singing, my mother sang in church.
They would broadcast from the church.
And on Sunday night, we would all gather around the radio and listen to my mother.
I didn't miss it for the world.
You know, so she used to pack us all up, take us to church every Sunday.
And that's where I met uh Slash Stone.
His family went, we all went to the same church.
I asked Sly one day to be a part of my band.
He did, and we started playing around town.
We had a group called uh Royal Aces.
Five guys, John Turk was in it.
Also, and at school, we were very popular.
I mean, they loved us at school.
Really?
I I became president of the school because I could sing.
I'm not trying to be funny, honey.
All day long, you've been talking on the telephone.
About the furniture, uh, but you don't tell them that I'm the one who went in all the winning all while you're out there, living it up, and having yourself.
I can go back by myself.
I hooked up with Larry Graham.
Larry's like, we need to put some horns on this stuff.
So he said, I'm gonna get this band Tower Power to come over and put some horns.
So when they came to the door, I'm like, oh, these are the kids from the Motown Soul Band.
So we kind of like uh hooked up again.
And I always tell the joke about that when they wrote So Very Hard to Go, they called me at late at night and they had a ritual, you know, when they wanted to write something really, really soulful.
They'd go down to Everton Jones or Flint's and get some barbecue.
We're gonna get some red soda water like they do in Texas, and we're gonna go back in the back room and close the shades and roll up one of those little skinny white cigarettes and smoke that, and then now we're ready to write a hit.
And so I said they call me about three o'clock in the morning and say, man.
We wrote this great song.
I'm like, okay, I'll hear it tomorrow.
No, no, no, no, no, man.
We we went and got the barbecue.
We we drank the red soda water, we smoked that little white cigarette.
This is a hit, so I walk in the door and bam, you know, so very hard to go.
Now we did this song back in 1973.
The guys in Tower Power love the RB, you know, uh black music sound, uh software music, funky music, and uh they came out and, you know, they they lived it, and then they wrote the songs, and the songs are authentic because they are who they say they are.
They are fanceteers.
My father recognized Bay Area artists and entertainers, and he did that for 39 years in something called the Top Star Awards.
We won the very first Top Star Award trophy over everybody, over the Pointing Sisters, Larry Graham, Whispers, The Ballads, all those people.
He was responsible for a lot of those entertainers getting jobs.
I met Jay in 73.
When I first started with KS Well, I met Jay at a club called Sweet Jimmy's.
Jay was the master of ceremonies.
He was a hoofer.
He had traveled over the world.
He was the consummate MC.
He was the one that guided me through my career.
If it wasn't for Jay, I can guarantee you, I probably wouldn't have had still have over 40 some years in this prison.
The energy in the street was changing.
The most important black entertainer at that time was James Brown, who was the hardest working man in show business.
He played every night.
He quickly got the pulse of the community he was in.
So he would push his band a little further.
You know, give me a little more of that.
You know, that thing you do over there, put that in there.
Play that down.
Give me some.
The main objective was to get over at the Apollo.
If you could get over there, you could get over anywhere.
And I got over there.
That's when James Brown discovered me.
Girl, I gotta have you.
So we wait, talking about it.
You have me.
What are you saying?
He said, I want you.
Say, doing what?
You owe my show.
I said, hmm.
Okay.
And that's what we did.
And they had these balconies way up there.
I'd be way up there hanging upside down on the balcony.
Say, what?
And then that's when they name me, that's the lady game.
James Brown himself went through a break with his record company and they started writing music on another label.
Completely illegal.
But if you're a badass, that's what you do.
And he went in the studio in 1965 in February, right around the time Malcolm was killed.
And he brought in Jimmy Nolan, this rhythm guitarist out here in the Bay Area.
And they laid down a new lick called Papa's Got a Brand New Bag.
It didn't go the way most songs went.
Most songs were written where you kind of stomp your foot on the one and the three and you clap your hands on the two and the four.
And that's how most western music has been made.
And James Brown got his band to put it more of an emphasis on the one.
Ugh.
Ugh.
So even if you're still sort of clapping on the two, and the four, boom, two, three, four, boom, two, three, four.
You're bumping on the one.
And you're sort of hearing melodies that are Western and a traditional way of making music, but you're you're bumping in a place where you haven't bumped before.
In the 1960s, the really the decade of grassroots activism, you see a resurgence of local politics.
It's in that context, the emergence of the Black Panther Party in West Oakland is so crucial.
They provided a lot of things that I needed to know about me.
And then they had your programs feeding the kids and you know, which was a good thing.
They had influence on all of us.
We're just trying to live and have a better life.
My mom would catch me at center us off of 64th and East 14th.
I didn't know that that was the Black Panther zone, but they would let us rehearse.
And if one of my buddies or me or whatever did something wrong, which we usually did something wrong, painting on the wall or doing something or food fight, oh, they would check us to the 20th power.
But they also allowed us to develop our skill.
The Black Panthers are known for their um advocacy of self-defense, which had not been possible for African Americans in the South.
I mean, they could not really defend themselves against the attacks, the night riders and the lynchings and such in the South.
But you know, of course, the Black Panthers were about so much more than that.
We want the power to control the destiny of our black community.
The Black Panther Party had yet a different way of thinking about survival, and for them, it literally meant looking after the poorest, the least advantaged in the community on almost a literal survival kind of level.
The idea, of course, was not simply to provide for the community, but to dramatize the uh the racial segregation and racism that had created uh such intense poverty.
Listen, y'all.
Yes, listen to it.
Oakland Blues turns into Oakland Funk because things got a little bit too heavy.
Funk is just some heavier blues once you put it on the wood, and then Oakland artists took it from there.
It's the evolution of the blues.
And when I say evolution, moving to that next step, because we talk about uh Johnny Talbot, uh Marvin Holmes.
They were sort of the second generation.
The best example we get is what Herbie Hancock was doing with the headhunters.
The sound of Herbie Hancock was an Oakland funk sound, combination of jazz, little taste of Latin and funk.
Started right here and opened the head on us.
And the song Chameleon features this thumping ascending bass line that feels and sounds like a loop.
What Herbie did was to come in from the jazz world and then lay down a locked-in sequence of a heavy Larry Graham bass line that changed the way bass has been played in American music to this day.
And most musicians know this.
They know Larry Graham, the bass player in Slime and Family Stone is an entity above and beyond.
I'm amazed that if I go someplace and they say, Lady Beyonce's here, people know who I am, and it's like, what?
How did that happen?
I don't think some women were strong enough.
Survivors, like Eddie James, you didn't tell Eddie James, she ran her band.
Fit Carroll.
There's a strength in her.
Sugar Black DeSanto, you know there's a strength in her.
Booth Brown was a strong person.
Johnny Washington was strong.
Billy Holiday's strong.
But if you didn't have the strength to get through it, it was hard.
It was so hard.
I don't know really how I survived.
I think you have to have a you have to have a strong backup to male back up, too.
Somebody that can help you see.
Let us sing, let her play Payanna.
I had to burst through.
That's why I started to fight back because um most of the male figures were reluctant to let me get out.
Because once I got that microphone, you did what I said, and you did it right.
And they thought I was a little bit aggressive.
Because I was as tough as they were.
Well, you just, oh no, I don't.
Well, you oh no, I don't.
You know what I'm saying?
It's not like that, it's gonna be like this.
Okay.
Okay, I'm very convincing.
Don't make me mad.
Uh-uh, don't do that.
I got along pretty good with everybody.
Somehow there are people that still come and sit in them seats.
I journey on.
But it's uh uphill journey.
I've been your slave.
Every sets, I've been your baby.
But before I feel down, I would rather see you in your garage.
It's gonna happen.
And we all kind of cracked up and said, Well, nobody's gonna really pay to go and see somebody spin a record when they could spin a record at home.
It's the beginning of a displacement of musicians, and it's also the creation of DJ driven culture.
You didn't have to absorb the cause of the bands.
Eventually, security became your greatest expenditure.
Then around that time, Oakland-based hip hop emerged.
Too short, ironically, MC Hammer, whose styles could not have been more different, and yet they're both funk based.
We had a lot to pull from.
You know, you see Santana jamming in the park.
You see Larry Graham, you know, in jam sessions.
Bay Area has been centered on the folk from the beginning.
And it's just a question of who you're gonna ask, who's gonna tell that story?
I remember Castle Lot when outside in the courtyard, Grand Central Station came out.
And you know, sometimes we would jam out there in the stage, and when they came out, and they came on that stage and they used our instruments, and the way David Dynamite made my less Paul sign was like, well, damn, it can go like that.
I sue the Oakland Police Department because I used the garage which was across the street for my entire 16 years that I was at Jeffrey's inner circle, and a police officer went to the owners of the garage and said a shooting had occurred in the garage while I was renting it.
Did a shooting occur?
No.
The garage management said, if we had known that this had not occurred, we wouldn't have taken away his ripe.
And then Oakland wage war on black clubs systematically for uh such clubs.
I remember got raided in one night, the OASI, Arsimonas, the Air Lounge, and the oyster reef.
Harassment to the point where the landlord doesn't renew your lease.
And with Arsimonas, you would think that they would have had a tenant, and that's why they put you up.
It's still unoccupied, you say.
Oh, damn, talking about willful.
Cabaret licenses, the way they've been issued, and the pressure that they put on black owners, it's brutal.
I don't know what what it was Jerry Brown decided to do, but you start taking away these people's license.
Well, have live music.
White clubs, they get them overnight.
Liquor licenses are expedited in an unprecedented fashion.
It's used selectively to design African Americans out.
It ended in the 1970s, when there was no further reason to be escaping, only to find that by then the concentrations of African Americans in these northern and western cities would end up attracting the kind of hostility that would carry forth today, and what we see is police brutality, extreme hyper segregation in the cities that the people fled to, disparities in unemployment and in housing in every sphere of life now uh uh accruing to the places where the people had fled.
That is what has happened.
You know, a lot of people ask me, why didn't you just sing RB or something?
Yeah, I guess I'm just stubborn because I didn't.
I never thought about it if I could make money if I'd be listening.
I mean, I never been that kind of person.
That wasn't my intention at all.
I just need to express myself.
It's the legacy I want to leave.
My music.
Whatever it does.
That's what it does.
I'm not, you know.
I don't know what it'll do.
It takes on life of his own.
So I respect that.
I'll be a musical man.
The interns that I have work with me.
They'll be playing something, and I'll play it.
They'd be like, where'd you get that from?
And I'm playing it.
It's like that's Suggy Otis.
No, that's I was like, no.
See?
That's the blues guitars that, you know, the Brothers Johnson got Strawberry Letter 23 from, and he never got famous, but you know, you have to introduce them to this information.
It's up to the current generation now to find new ways, new tools that are that are relevant to our day now to make those dreams and goals of equality come true.
You know, a lot of people think of this as history till they turn on the news.
I play on a 1973 Findle Coronado guitar.
This happened to be the guitar I was in the studio with when I had that altercation with the police officer.
That guitar's been like my shield.
From the time that we came out with the Tony's, I guess I've had been off the scene in Oakland and not around certain things.
So when that happened to me, you know, now I'm a grown man.
I'm on money, I pay taxes, all this type of stuff.
And here's a gentleman that just opens his car my car door and start choking.
I was just coming from the studio working with India Iree, working on her first release, and that happens.
I just really felt like had I had to lay the message out there because I was a person that had a voice.
So if you say we want to design African Americans out, and that is the policy, then what you're giving away is the richest culture that is known to any city in the country.
Anyone else would be heroifying Joe Morgan and having signs all over the airport saying the home of, but we ignore it.
My brother died at 14 years old.
I told the spirit that I would never forget him.
My mother had to bury her son.
This is just pervasive in communities of color.
That these women are the strength.
And they too often bury their own children.
So that was one song that I thought I can I have to do this song.
And no one knows really who wrote it.
It's come you know, from the time of slavery.
But Lead Belly, he made it uh popular.
I wanted to make it lyrically relevant to today.
And some of the things we're going through and the really dedicated to these women who bury their children.
Where will you go?
In the pines, in the pines with the sun.
Don't shine.
I should hold night.
The things that are happening to us now, the music is gonna reflect it.
And certainly the pain and suffering won't go anywhere, so there'll be a need to sing the blues for a long time.
Shut up, but I think that history is important, so the walk of fame to me, I think it's important.
So kids kind of know the people who uh kind of laid the foundation and you know, were the bridge, uh, so to speak for them.
And white folks need to understand and love the music too.
If they understood and love that music, I wouldn't care who played it.
But love the music.
Love it, take care of it.
Don't just do any kind of way.
So it's no staying as rock fused blues.
Yeah, it is some rock fused blues.
But it's come from blues.
And the thing about it, it morphs itself in so many ways that you don't even know it's the blues.
Like they say, blues had babies, you know.
I have no fear uh that it ends when I take my last breath.
Low fools on live forever.
BB can live forever.
Bobby Blue Black, they'll be here forever.
Those are the shows that we're standing on.
I don't like genres.
I just don't even like I feel like a genre is a place to hide.
And I don't like everything that's blues, I love great artists.
When you think about Oakland, man, we've produced so many different types of artists just because of the place that it is.
So I'm at home with being in the legacy of Oakland Blues as much as I'm at home being in the legacy of rap with two short or the legacy of uh rock and roll with um italic and funk with some there's a spirit.
Something special about the bear that we do things different.
You know, it's been such a long time.
Since I can see and talk to my own friends like Muddy Waters and Odi Span and Howling Wolf.
I'm a great Albert King.
And Carco Timo.
And the Iceman, Mr.
Albert Collins, and so many great musicians, like Mr.
Luther Tucker.
And the great Jimmy Hendrick.
Why, it seemed just like yesterday.
If you listen to a cat, you can hear what he wants to say.
Now you gotta listen to catch, man.
What I feel.
Swimming in a deep blue sea.
I have no more words.
Call my little girl looking out after me.
Albert King.
I heard Albert say.
I've been down since I'm again the crawl.
Looking for real bad luck.
I want to have no kind of look at all.
And of course.
I never had the privilege to beat Jimmy.
One of the few brothers I did it.
Jimmy would say, I'm a voodoo child, baby.
Bob knows I'm a voodoo child.
I stand up next to a mountain.
Top it down with the edge of my hand.
I'm a voodoo child, baby.
Good evening, everyone.
Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to AMLO.
Put your hands together for AMLO.
What a great place this is.
Yay.
I'm Carmen Martinez, the director of the Oakland Public Library, and I welcome you here for our annual authors program.
We usually hold it during National Library Week, but this year we are so happy and so blessed and honored to have our featured author, Ms.
Isabel Wilkerson.
I wanted you to just listen for a couple minutes to some acknowledgments I need to make.
A couple of um th very important thank yous.
This is this program is all due in great part to our wonderful friends of the Oakland Public Library.
I don't know where they are tonight.
There's so many wonderful people here.
Yay, Fawble.
Thank you.
Please visit the bookmark bookstore in Old Oakland.
Every single penny, well, almost every single penny that they earn from uh that they make from selling used books goes to programs like this and for other activities that the city can't afford to help us with.
So thank you, Fopel.
I'd also like to thank our wonderful Oakland Public Library staff, Rosalia Romo, Tom Downs, and uh let me see who else is here.
Catherine Cavot, Ekka, Eka Schneider, Winifred Walters, and I know I'm forgetting somebody, but I'll remember and thank them later.
Um, so I was reading one Sunday, the New York Times book review section, and I came across a review of the warmth, the warmth of other sons.
And I thought, well, you know, Oakland just has to be in this book.
It's about the Great Migration.
And so, yay.
The very next day I was with a whole bunch of library director colleagues in San Francisco, and my colleague from Cuyahoga, Cuyahoga County, said we we welcome this fabulous author, Isabel Wilkerson.
She was fantastic, she talked so eloquently.
Um perhaps you can get her for your program.
And we called Random House the next day.
She was already on the superstar list, but she wanted to come to Oakland because so much of her research was based here.
So um, yeah, so we were very we were very lucky to get her.
Um, and so I need to tell you a little bit about her.
As you know, she was the Chicago Bureau Chief of the New York Times, and it was there that she won the first, she was the first African American woman to win a Pulitzer Prize in journalism, and she won it for individual reporting.
The list goes on and on.
She also won the George Polk Award and a John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship, and she is currently the professor of journalism and narrative and director of narrative nonfiction at Boston University.
She was born and raised in Washington, D.C., and this is her first book.
Oh, yay!
And this is her first book, which she dedicates to her parents, and I love this part.
Her parents whose migration she says made her possible.
Before I go on to bring our esteemed author up, I see that our mayor is in the audience, our mayor Jean Quan.
Um welcome, Mayor, to the program.
Would you like you just want to?
Okay.
Okay, we're giving our mayor um 10 seconds to say hello to all of you.
Come on.
Let's let's see if she can do it.
Hello.
Hello, how are you?
So let's talk about how we're gonna save the libraries.
Okay.
So first of all, um I I met with other library people this morning, and let me say that Oakland's no different than the rest of the country.
There are some people who think that we have to, after four years of cutting, that the only answer is to have an all cuts budget, and that that means that all they want to do is cuts, they don't want to consider new taxes, they don't want to consider anything, they just want to cut.
And it's no secret that I've had a little fight with the city council because had they at least given the voters the chance to decide two months ago when I asked them, we would have known by July 5th whether or not we had a parcel tax, and that that would have made sure that not only the libraries but many other programs like our senior programs and our rec centers would have survived pretty much without major cuts.
And so what I'm asking people to do, there's a budget hearing tomorrow, and to talk to your council member, at least let the community decide.
So why do I need this money?
You want to talk about really quickly.
We've gone through four years of cuts, this will be the fifth year of cuts, and last year in particular we were hard hit because if you own a house, how many of you bought a house within the last five years?
Anybody here?
You got an automatic property tax deduction, right?
Well, that cost the city 28 million dollars.
Um, that means in one year we had to cut 28 million dollars, and we have to find a way to let the recession end and get our property taxes back up so we can maintain services.
It is so bad this year, we've cut so many things that we may not be able to meet the minimum of major Q.
Now, I wrote major Q, so this is like deja vu for me.
Um, when my first meeting as a city council member, Robert Bob said he was going to close, I think a quarter of all the rec centers.
I know, and and and and uh and all a third of all the libraries.
So major q needs to be protected.
The only way it can be protected is if we do the parson tax.
Secondly, I just want to say AMLO is an amazing institution because of what it does.
I spoke at the ethnic studies graduation yes uh last week at UC Berkeley.
Their archives are not as complete in some areas as ours are, and so we do need to work and we need to protect it.
And the way you can do that is join the friends of this group to help increase the activity and the usage of this institution, and secondly, help me get the parcel tax on the ballot and vote for it.
Thank you.
Okay, without further ado now, I do present Ms.
Isabel Wilkerson.
It means so much for me to be here in Oakland because this was one of the cities that I went to when I started working on this book.
You know, I I spent 15 years on this book, as you all probably know.
You probably heard it over and over again.
And as you probably heard me say, if you've heard any of my talks, I always say that if it were a human being, it would be alive and dating.
That's how long it took to finish this.
It's a good thing I didn't know it would take this long because I probably would not have even begun it, and I am so glad I did.
I'm so glad I did.
Um, all of you turned out today are representing some ways a celebration, not of certainly not of me, hopefully in some ways of the book, but more importantly, for all of the people who may not be with us today, who are the reason why we are even here, which is what propelled me to write this book to begin with.
I wrote this book because I am a child of the very phenomenon I've written about.
I'm sure that the room is filled with people who are children of a great migration or of a migration from someplace else.
How many of you are?
It is all of our stories.
The book is putatively, uh, the subtitle is the epic story of America's Great Migration.
But in many respects, the book is not about this great migration truly.
It is about the longing, the fortitude, the faith, and the courage that is the responsible for all of us being here right now in this place in our space right now.
In other words, somebody had to do what these people did for us to even be sitting or standing here today.
Truly.
And so the question was what did it take?
What did it take?
What did they leave?
What did they give up?
What were the sacrifices that they and so many other people made in order for us to be here today?
And also, it was written with such a in such a way as to ask the reader to think, what would you have done?
What would you have done had you been in the same place as the people in this book?
As the people who, you know, we're talking about this as a book, but this is not just a book.
This is people's lives.
These are real people who are the ancestors, the parents, the grandparents, the great-grandparents of pretty much everybody in this room, because we all are descended from people who came a long way away to get here.
To get to California means you came a long way away.
You had to cross an ocean or you had to cross a continent, but you had to come a long way away.
And I have to say, just to give you a little background on myself, if you don't know, I am the uh the product of a mixed marriage.
My mother was from Georgia, father from Virginia.
I call that a mixed marriage.
My mother was from Rome, Georgia, and I love to say that she's from Rome, Georgia, because I'll just say she's from Rome, and they say, Wow, she's from Rome.
And then I say Georgia, they say, Oh.
And my father was from Virginia, and they came, they went to Washington, DC, which was the beginning of the end of Jim Crow, you might say, on the East Coast.
And they came in different years and they met and they married and they had me.
And as a result of their participation in the Great Migration, which is similar to the migration experiences of so many other people who are American, I wouldn't even exist had they not done that.
How many of you would not have existed had someone not come a long way away from far, far away and met someone who they never would have met otherwise, created whole new lineages.
In other words, half the room would disappear because we wouldn't even have existed.
And so that's why I approached this book, this project with such a tremendous sense of gratitude.
Gratitude that I exist, gratitude that they made the great sacrifice in order for this to happen.
Now, I want to talk a little bit about what the migration is because you know, no discussion of this is complete without recognizing the magnitude of this thing.
This migration began during World War One and did not end until the 1970s.
Didn't end until the 1970s.
It meant that six million African Americans, and this is just one wave of migration, one kind of migration that has occurred with throughout the world.
But this was the largest one that occurred within the borders of our own country.
This is the only time that people who were citizens of their own country, the United States, had to leave one part of their own homeland for another part of their own country in order to experience the rights and privileges that they had been born to as citizens.
That's astounding.
That is astounding.
And yet that is what they had to do.
This migration was so massive that when this migration began, 90%, 90% of all African Americans were living in the South.
By the time that it was over, half were living everywhere else but the South, from Boston to Chicago to Oakland and down to Los Angeles.
They were all over the country as a result of this.
It was a relocation of an entire people.
That is a lot of people who had made a decision to leave the only place that they had ever known for a place that they'd never seen in hopes that life might be better.
That takes a lot of courage.
It takes a lot of foresight.
It takes a lot of vision, and it takes a lot of faith to essentially jump off a cliff into the unknown with no guarantees of success.
And so that's why I wanted to talk about, I wanted to understand what propelled people to do this.
What was it that in that inspired them to make this great leap of faith?
Ultimately, what this was was in some ways a defection.
This was misunderstood movement of people.
This was not people just being uh, you know, uh getting a transfer for a job.
In fact, they many of them did not know what they were going to do ultimately when they arrived.
Bear in mind that in some ways they were seeking political asylum from a caste system, which is almost impossible to comprehend now.
So you know I have to talk about that.
That caste system was something else.
That caste system had been carefully uh calibrated and designed to maintain an oversupply of cheap labor in the South, keeping them virtually imprisoned so that they would not have the options to go anywhere else.
And in order to do that, they had to make it so such that everyone understood that everyone had a role in that caste system, and this hurt everyone, black and white.
It meant that it from the moment you woke up until the moment you went to sleep, there were rules, laws, and protocols that you had to have memorized in order to stay within the bounds of your caste and ultimately, particularly for African Americans, to stay alive.
It was a matter of life and death, a matter of life and death.
So some of the examples are, as you may have heard before in any of my talks, that it was actually against the law in Birmingham for a black person and a white person to play checkers together, merely to play checkers together.
Someone must have seen a black person and a white person in some town square in Birmingham, and they were playing checkers together, and they might have been having too good of time.
Maybe the wrong person was winning.
Maybe they were laughing, who knows what they were doing.
But someone saw that, and they decided that the entire foundation of Southern civilization was in peril.
We cannot have this.
And so someone went and wrote that down as a law.
So that that meant that the black person who might have enjoyed playing checkers, and the white person who might have enjoyed playing checkers with their friend couldn't do that anymore.
They could face prison time, and you wouldn't want to face prison time, hard labor in Alabama at that time, I can assure you.
There were in courtrooms throughout the South, and it's still hard.
As many times as I've said it, it's still hard for me to believe there was actually a black Bible and a white Bible to swear to tell the truth on in courtrooms throughout the South.
A black Bible and a white Bible.
And the way that I found out about this was through all the research that I had to do.
There are no references to water fountains and restrooms anywhere in this book.
For any of you who've read it, you know that.
If you haven't read it, don't think that you don't worry that you're going to be reading about something you've heard about already because we know about that already.
There's no need to put that in.
No reference to restrooms or water fountains, because we know that already.
I was looking for all the other things to make it come alive for people.
I wanted people to be able to really understand what these people had to live with day in and day out.
Black and white, actually, because we often talk about the, and we all know how limiting and restrictive it was on black people, and it certainly was.
But it also meant that white people were restricted as well.
They had created the caste system, but it was a caste system that restricted everybody's movements.
So everyone was hurt by it.
And I would argue that for those in the up putatively in the upper caste, what they lost was a spiritual loss.
They lost a piece of their own of their spiritual selves because, and also the unmet potential.
Because if you're spending so much energy holding other people down, it means that you there are other things that you're not able to do because it takes a lot of energy to maintain a caste system, as I've described.
So back to the Bibles.
I found out about it came, it was in an article in a North Carolina newspaper, not because anyone said, Well, this is an absurd ritual.
Why are we doing this?
Because people accepted this as the norm.
This is the way it should be.
It came to light because the uh during the middle of a trial in North Carolina, the trial had to be suspended because they couldn't find the black Bible.
A black person had taken the witness stand, which was rare enough to begin with, and they couldn't find the Bible that this person was supposed to touch.
It turned out that they that it was not acceptable.
It was against the law for a black person and a white person to touch the same sacred text.
How ironic is that?
And so that meant the bailiff, the sheriff, and all the court officers had to go all over the courtroom trying to track down the black Bible for this person to be able to touch in order to swear to tell the truth, the truth and nothing but the truth, so help them God.
And that is what they had to do.
They finally found it and the trial could resume.
I've been asked since then, well, was it a different version of the Bible?
Like, did the white people have the King James version and the white and the black people had the American standard, maybe.
But it turned out it was the same Bible.
It's just they could not touch the same sacred object.
Now, you know, I've been all over the country.
In fact, I just got back from Italy, where believe it or not, there's great interest in this great migration, and I think that's a beautiful thing.
Beautiful thing.
Isn't that amazing?
And they have been reading the book in English, and they've been studying the book because they're facing great migration issues themselves, and so they want to understand it.
But um, as I was uh as I was there, I've been all over the country, and my toughest audiences are always high school students.
So I've I've been I've been through that, and I have been searching for ways to make this come alive for them.
You know, most people seem to be seem to really understand it when I describe the two things I've described for you.
But with the high school students, I have to come up with something else.
So I finally figured out what gets through to them.
Now, before I tell you what that is, I want to first ask for a show of hands as to how many people in the last week have passed someone on the road.
Yeah, every hand goes up.
Yeah.
I'm always surprised that there's a delay in the answer.
It's almost like people think, is there a new law that says we can't do this anymore?
So they're hesitant.
Maybe she won't think so well of me if she knows I passed somebody, but you know, and it's it's perfectly legal as far as I'm as I as far as I know.
Uh, and in fact, you'd probably pass someone on the way here, truth be told, if you're if you're being honest.
Well, if you were African American in the South during much of the time period I've described, you couldn't do that.
You could not pass a black motorist could not pass a white motorist on the road no matter how slowly that person was going.
No matter how slowly that person was going.
And you know how when you're behind someone who's lost or they're they're from out of town and they stop every 10 feet thinking that this is the turn, that might have happened to you yesterday, and you want so badly to get around them, and if you can, you will.
Well, you couldn't do that if you were African-American.
And I would argue that that is so frustrating to people that that alone could account for probably a couple million people to leave right then and there.
How they bore up under that, I'll never understand it.
And yet that was the law.
That was the law.
And it, and and when I described this, I mean, we all um, you know, it seems so absurd that we can now kind of chuckle at it, but this was actually life and death.
It really was life and death.
Every four days, every four days during the time period in the decades leading up to the migration and the decades immediately following the migration, an African American was lynched every four days somewhere in the South.
So this was truly life and death.
And the reason I say that is because we know about the more commonly um uh the commonly associated reason for lynching, having to do with uh generally a black man's uh an accusation that a black man may have made some untoward uh remark toward a white woman.
That actually was not the more common reason, however, when you look at the statistics of the lynchings.
Lynchings most likely occurred because a black person had been accused of trying to act like a white person.
That was the general accusation, meaning they were stepping outside of their caste.
That's how big and significant and enduring and the and and oppressive this caste system truly was.
They would be, they would be, that meant that they had been accused of of not stepping of not stepping off the sidewalk fast enough of of speaking in a way that was not appropriate to their cast, of looking straight into the eye of someone.
It actually turned out that the protocols were so strict that an anthropologist of that day said that the majority of people of each race had not ever shaken the hand of someone of the other race because that was not allowed.
So this shows you that it was a nerve-jangling experience just to make it through the day.
And these were the kinds of things that people had to live with day in and day out.
And so ultimately, this was in some ways a search for political asylum.
Now, how and why did this migration actually begin?
There are many reasons and discussions as to why, but ultimately the precipitating event was World War I.
And during World War I, during World War I, the North had a problem.
African Americans had been wanting to leave for a long, long time, but there was really no option other than to stay there because the caste system had created a limit, so many limits and restrictions on them.
And so during World War I, Europe was at war, and that meant that all of the Europeans who had been coming in, the European immigrants who had been fueling the factories and the steel mills and the foundries were no longer available.
And the North needed labor.
And where did they look?
They looked to the cheapest labor in the land, which was African Americans in the South.
The South was the poorest region of the country, and these were the poorest paid people in the South.
Many of them were not paid at all for their labor.
They were they were working merely for the right to live on the land that they were farming.
They were sharecroppers.
So they were quite ready to be recruited to go north.
So this is a reminder for people who may not have understood much about this migration.
African Americans, most African Americans in the North and the West, arrived at the invitation, the express invitation of industries that wanted their labor.
The interesting thing about this is that they often wanted the labor, they wanted the workers, but didn't want the people.
So how do you manage that?
You know, how do you manage that?
That's a conundrum.
In any case, they've set about trying to do what they could to get them.
So they went and actually recruited, recruited people to come to these places to work.
So you have unusual combinations of cities where people where people in the north went to recruit.
Beloit, Wisconsin went to the people there went to Mississippi, for example.
And so what happened was you have these connections.
Finally, the door opened and the people began to answer the call.
But when the South found out about this, the South did not take kindly to this at all.
They did not take kindly to the poaching of their cheap labor one bit.
And so they began to take action to stop this.
There was a great deal of hand-wringing about what to do about it.
And they began to do uh make great efforts.
They did they they tried to fight it on both levels.
One, they wanted to deal with the supply side, meaning the people who were trying to leave, and on the demand side, meaning the people who were trying to recruit.
So on the supply side, what they started to do was they would arrest people on the railroad platforms when there were many, many black people waiting with set with northbound tickets ready to leave, trying to leave.
They would arrest them from the train seats.
Once they were on the train and they thought they were handing the ticket to the conductor, they're actually handing it to a sheriff who was about to arrest them.
And that was that was all these efforts to thwart their effort to get out.
And then when there were too many people to arrest, they would wave the train on through so that people who had been saving for months and months and months for that ticket to go north had to watch that train pass them by, that train to what they felt would be freedom.
And that was what they ended up having to do.
On the demand side, they would start arrest, they would arrest people, Northerners who were who were caught recruiting without a license.
They said these incredible licensing fees.
One fee in Macon, Georgia required that anyone who wanted to recruit a single black person had to pay $25,000 licensing fee.
Now, the equivalent in 2011 is half a million dollars to recruit one black person.
Who in the world would play pay that to recruit one person?
And so that was definitely going to be a dampening effort, one would think.
But actually the uh the reverse occurred.
But I want to tell you, uh, give you a little sense of what these people, what the people were thinking about.
What were the Southerners thinking at the time that this was going on?
And this is a quote from Macon Telegraph uh an editorial, which says so much about how the South was reacting.
And so this editorialist wrote this.
Everybody seems to be asleep about what is going on right under our noses.
That is, everybody but those farmers who have wakened up on mornings recently to find every Negro over 21 on his place gone to Cleveland, to Pittsburgh, to Chicago, to Indianapolis.
They hadn't gone to LA yet because this is World War I.
They hadn't gotten to California or Oakland yet.
And while our very solvency, our very solvency is being sucked out beneath us, we go on about our affairs as usual.
So this gives you a sense of the of their hand wringing and the uh questioning and the wondering and the effort to try to keep the people from leaving, and yet every single thing that was done actually only fed the desire of the people to leave.
It had the reverse effect.
All this hand wringing and wondering what to do, the arresting of the people on the railroad platforms only made the people want to go all the more because it gave them a sense that this was not going to be a place that was going to change anytime soon.
Now I want to talk a little bit about the uh the work on this book because you know it's been a long odyssey.
Um I talked to seniors here in Oakland, I talked to seniors in Los Angeles, I talked to seniors in uh in Chicago and New York, all in Milwaukee, all over the country.
And I set about trying to talk to people in order to find out what the stories were.
And it turned out that you know, these people often did not perceive themselves as being a part of any great wave, which is one reason why I described this book as and this migration rather as one of the greatest underreported stories of the 20th century.
It was underreported because the people didn't talk about it.
Any of you who have had this in your background know that the people didn't talk about it.
My own mother was probably the toughest interview of all.
She was saying, you know, she was saying, Well, no, why do you want to go about that?
That's in the past.
That's in the past.
That's in the past.
Let's let that go.
In fact, she, you know, many people changed their name.
My mother added an E to her name.
It's Ruby, she added an E to it to change her name.
There's someone in the book who changes his name.
People changed their name, they didn't look back.
In some ways, when they arrived here, it was like they had a new birthday.
Nothing that they had been through in the past had even happened.
They were starting a new one.
They didn't want to think about it.
They also wanted to protect the children from whatever it is that they had gone through.
They many people have carried this to their grave and never told what happened.
Ultimately, it was just too painful.
It was much too painful.
There was a great deal of shame uh associated with what they had gone through, and why?
Why should they feel ashamed of what they had endured?
The goal of this is to turn that paradigm around and to say that what they went through, we should be we should be joyous that they survived at all.
We should we should we should express gratitude.
I'm I'm personally filled with a sense of both sadness that they had to endure it, but a sense of gratitude that they had the fortitude in order to live through those times.
And this is a this is an effort to try to embrace that and learn something from what they had endured, learn something so that all that they endured does not go in vain, so that we can exact, in fact, gain strength from the strength that it took them in order to survive it.
That's the goal of all of this now.
In order to go out and uh write about this uh this huge phenomenon, as I told you, I went all over the country.
I came here and I uh interviewed so many people.
I interviewed over 1200 people, and what that meant was I had I ate well.
Let me say this.
I ate very well.
I ate very well, and actually um I, you know, I I like to say that it was an experience of doing that.
So let me give you a little sense of what this migration has meant for people.
The South is huge.
Each state that the people came from is distinct from the other states, it's not just one monolith.
So people who are from Texas came from a very different culture than people who are from Virginia, which is totally different from Alabama, which is totally different from Florida, which has very little, it seems to do with Tennessee.
I mean, all of these states are very different.
And when they left, they transferred their culture with them.
And we, in some ways, are the bearers of that culture in the same way that when you go to certain parts of the lower east side of Manhattan, or you go to certain parts of Chicago, and you find that there's a little Italy, or you find that there's a Ukrainian village in Chicago, and that in Minnesota, there are a lot of people from Scandinavia.
Well, the same thing goes for this migration.
It was not a haphazard unfurling of lost souls.
People made made individual, well thought out, planned decisions as to where they were gonna go based on the bus routes, the train lines, and the already uh well uh well trod road that had been developed for them from where they were from, and that is the reason why.
I'll just ask here how many of you have forebears or had people from people from uh Louisiana or Texas?
Yeah, Mississippi, Arkansas, yeah.
But you see, the overall most of the hands go up for Texas and Louisiana, because that was the route that was taken to get out of Texas, and Louisiana primarily was to come to California.
So they're they're all over California.
The people who really wanted to get away went to Seattle.
One of my mother's cousins went there from Rome to Seattle.
She really wanted to get out.
When you're looking at uh the Midwest, though, you're looking at people who went from Mississippi, Alabama, uh, Tennessee, and uh Arkansas often to Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Minneapolis, the entire Midwest, and then the migration stream that that I my family was part of took people from Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas up to Washington, D.C., Detroit, uh Washington, DC, to uh Philadelphia, New York, and Boston.
So those were the routes.
Those roots are beautifully defined.
It means that the people were not just just scattered to the wind.
They were thinking about what they were going to do.
They were planning, they did a great deal of work.
There are many telegrams that went back and forth, letters back and forth, letters of the Chicago to the Chicago defender, letters to a great aunt or a minister's son who was up in the north or out here in the west.
A great deal of planning went into this.
And that is also one of the myths that that had often prevailed that they just people just landed here out of nowhere.
That was not the case.
You don't just land in California by accident.
You have to think about it.
You have to really think about that.
Um, and so the process of going out and doing the search for the people and doing the reporting for this book was quite interesting because I was running into the very manifestation of the differences between these migration streams.
Beautiful differences.
Meaning the people had many and mostly left for the same reason, but the roots meant that a different culture uh sprang out of the migration stream that I might have been visiting.
So uh I'll tell you a little bit about the three things that I ran into that were quite interesting.
One is that when I went to uh Chicago, when I was in Chicago, I found myself on a bus that had been chartered by some seniors who were going to be going to a floating casino, meaning they were going to gamble.
It was early in the month.
It was early in the month, they met at a they always gathered at a uh parking lot outside a jewel food store at 87th and the Dan Ryan.
Anyone from Chicago knows where that is.
Yeah, see if you hands.
And it was always early in the morning, it'd be lots of buses, and it was just a question of where they were going.
Got on the right bus.
And as soon as I got on the bus, there was a commotion, actually, because someone had brought a cooler which contained a delicacy from the old country, a delicacy from the old country, and everyone was in an uproar when they found out it was on the bus.
Now, I had never heard of this delicacy, and I I'm wondering how many people here have heard of it.
I will tell you what it is, but first I wanted to say that the people in the back were quite anxious to make sure there was enough left for them.
They said, be sure to save some for us.
Um they were very gracious, and they decided to offer the guest, meaning me, uh first piece of this delicacy.
I'd never heard of it.
It was called hog head cheese.
How many of you have heard of hoghead cheese?
How many of you call it souse meat?
Okay, that's interesting.
That's a reflection of the migration stream right there because some people know it only as that.
How many of you actually had Hoghead Cheese?
Yes.
Um notice, however, that there were fewer hands of people who had actually had it than had heard of it.
Interesting.
I had neither heard of it nor had it.
And so when they offered it to me, well, I have to say, my Georgia born mother never made it, and my Virginia-born father never required it.
And so therefore I never had it, and I'd never heard of it.
And so when they broke it out, there was a great deal of excitement about it, but I I didn't know what I was going to do because I didn't really.
Look, all I knew was.
All I knew was it involved a hog and a hair.
And you know, neither one of those was working for me.
This wasn't worker for me.
And so I had to find a way to demure graciously.
And so what I did was I told them uh that about some, told them I had blood pressure, high blood pressure to worry about, which I did not, but which they accepted as a perfectly reasonable reason to uh forego the hoghead cheese, and then they decided to set about uh carving out the hunks to spread out as you know it's in hunks, right?
And so that's how that was the experience there.
Uh now when I came to the West Coast, I found that it was not easy to necessarily make my way because it's very complicated, it's much more complicated here.
People are coming from Louisiana, there are multiple kinds of Louisiana.
It's not just one Louisiana, there's northern Louisiana, which is closer to more Delta.
There's Southern Louisiana, which is you've got uh New Orleans.
You have all kinds of experiences here in Louisiana.
I spent so much time on every permutation that you could imagine.
Zydeco got exposed to that and never heard of that.
Zydeco.
Um, I learned that, you know, the the spellings and and and pronunciations of many words, which I'm convinced are a way of exposing people who are not from there.
That's what I've convinced.
A lot of things are we know you're not from there.
And I I had to work very hard to get in the good graces of people who uh recognize, well, where are your people from?
That was a question that I got a lot of.
And no one had heard of Rome, Georgia, so that didn't go very, that didn't help me very much.
But the people were very friendly and very gracious, and I managed to find that there were multiple clubs for and many of the groups.
There were Monroe, Louisiana Club, there were there was Lake Charles, Louisiana Club, all kinds of Texas clubs for days because Texas is a country unto itself.
And I, yes, and I found my way in.
I had every permutation of red beans and rice with sugar and without.
There's a whole issue with that.
And you know those are, you know, cooks might leave the kitchen over the issue of sugar and both greens and and red beans and rice.
And so I had all kinds of wonderful experiences, just learning my way around.
I went to all kind of Juneteenth parades.
I had a booth at a Juneteenth parade.
So I did all of this in order to learn the experiences of that.
But each migration stream is distinct, and I'm so proud of the of the experiences that I had here.
But when I went to New York, just to give a sense of how beautifully predictable each migration stream is.
When I went to New York, as big as New York is, I went to senior centers there, and at one of the senior centers there, I actually ran into not just people who had heard of Petersburg, Virginia, which is where my father's from.
But they actually knew him.
That shows you how beautifully predictable this migration stream was.
And the migration exists and lives in all of us, even to this day, because there are connections in all of these places, and I'm so grateful for the people who invited me into their stream, even though I was from a different stream.
I'm so grateful to that.
Now, to tell you just a little bit about the three people in the book.
Those of you who may have read it, you know that it's about three people, narrowed down those 1,200 to three amazing and beautiful people, complicated people, not predictable people.
And each of them represent the three streams.
So one of them represents the stream up the east coast.
He came from Florida and went to uh Harlem.
He had was basically fleeing for his life because he'd gotten on, he tried to earn a little bit more for the people he was working with in the groves.
He'd had a little bit of college, he was good with math, and you could see how the people were being cheated out of what they were supposed to be making.
The work was dangerous, they were having to climb these 40 foot trees, taking their lives in their own hands, and then they were being paid nickels for a box uh for fruit that would go and sell for $4 a box.
They weren't asking for $4, they're just asking for a few more pennies more.
For doing that in the 1940s, uh he had to flee for his life because that was not acceptable for an African American in that caste system to do that.
That just was not, you just that was just not possible.
So he had to flee for his life.
Um he ended up becoming a railroad porter.
The second story was of a woman who had been a um uh sharecropper's wife in Mississippi, but she was terrible at picking cotton.
You know, that's not a good thing to be a sharecropper's wife, meaning that's your job, and you're terrible at it.
You know, you're just not good at it.
And you know, actually, that's a lesson too.
Just think of all the people who had to do this because that happens to be where they were born, they were born into a caste system.
But maybe they would have been better at um chemistry.
Perhaps they needed to be bookkeepers, maybe they would have been really wonderful um uh horticulturalists.
Who knows what they might have been.
But they were they were consigned to a world in which all they could do was a particular thing.
In fact, in the state of South Carolina, it was against the law for a black person, uh, a black person had to actually get a license, go to and petition to do anything other than agricultural work.
That's how difficult and controlling this was.
That means someone who actually should have been an opera singer was gonna have to go and work in the fields because that was all that they could do.
So uh, so that was one of the people that was one of the things that she actually was not good at, and it was kind of refreshing to hear that you know, actually I hadn't even thought about being good or bad at it, but there were people who actually were bad at it and actually felt felt bad about it.
Um, but that wasn't why they left, they left because a cousin of her husband's had been beaten to within an inch of his life, and um her husband said to her after what he saw it happened to his cousin, this is the last co-op we're making, and they had to set about getting off the land of the uh of the planter, and they couldn't tell anybody.
They uh she told me years later, she said, You didn't tell people you were gone until you were gone.
You couldn't let people know what you were doing, you couldn't trust anyone.
So she just told her mother and one of his trusted nephews, and that's how they got out.
And then finally, the trial, the the uh the migration to California was represented by a Dr.
Robert Joseph Pershing Foster, who was from Monroe, Louisiana, and I got a question earlier before arriving that I was gonna have to discuss how he came to make the decision, and I'm not saying I agreed with it.
I'm just saying this is the decision he made to go to LA after having seen Oakland.
I did not make it I didn't make the decision.
It was his decision.
I can't say I would agree with him.
I'm just saying this is a decision he made.
I love the Bay Area.
I love the Bay Area, it's one of my favorite places ever to come.
And I will come here willingly, happily, any time because I love it.
But he made the decision because, well, if you know him, if you read about him, you'll know he was a flamboyant surgeon who had uh performed in the army as a surgeon, but it turned out he couldn't practice surgery in his own hometown of Monroe, Louisiana.
And so he set out on this journey to get to California.
He had to, it was a perilous journey that meant that he ended up having to drive for three states of the West without being able to stop because it turned out that Jim Crow had extended farther than he had anticipated.
He just did not realize that.
And it was a quiet kind of Jim Crow.
It wasn't in your face.
There were no signs, it's just that no one would take him in for the night.
And he had to make that drive.
And I tempted I recreated that drive myself at my parents in the car.
And he had rented a buy, he had driven a Buick, the Buick was uh he had a Buick Roadmaster in 1949.
He said if you'd seen it, you would have wanted it too.
That just tells you what he's like.
And so uh I rented a Buick in his honor, and I was driving, and my parents were in the car, had them with me, and we came to the part of the road.
And how many of you made the drive through the mountains to get here?
Then you know even now it's it's perilous and treacherous.
Imagine not being able to stop.
Imagine, have imagine having to take those hairpin curves at night through the mountains, through the desert, no cars in the road.
Um, you know, the road is so mean that it's going north and south as much as west, and that's what we were going through.
And I began to get sleepy.
I began to veer from the road, and my parents got worried for us, and they actually said, You really need to stop the car.
You know, you really need to stop the car, stop the car.
And if you won't stop the car, let us out.
And they said, they said basically, you know, if you want to know about Jim Crow, we will tell you.
If this is a way to get us out, we'll tell you about it.
We'll talk.
So we stopped in Yuma, Arizona, where we had no trouble at all because it just shows you how far we've come.
We have a long, long way to go as a country, but we've come so far that we had no trouble at all.
It was a choice of which one, which which in uh did you want to stay in, Holiday Inn, Keita Inn, all the different ones.
Which one did you want to stay in?
And we had no trouble at all.
And that actually made me feel more empathy for him because it showed you that as tired as we were, uh, we had options that he didn't have.
He did not have the option in 1953, and that was not that long ago.
Not that long ago at all.
And um I I am tempted to read you something about him because I would love to, but I don't want to take up any more time.
I want to make sure I can answer your questions.
I want to close with a couple of things.
Um, you want to.
All right.
All right, well, this is um Dr.
Robert Joseph Pershing Foster.
Um, I'm just gonna say one other thing.
You know, I keep feeling the need to defend uh what he, his decision, even though I didn't make his decision.
Now, the thing is he had a father-in-law who he was trying to also run from.
He was running from Jim Crow, he's running from the father-in-law.
Father-in-law was a very powerful man in Atlanta.
He was president of Atlanta University, and he was a very uh uh powerful uh uh overwhelming figure.
And so uh before he left, before Robert Joseph Pershing Foster left for this drive, the father-in-law said, uh, you need to go to the Bay Area.
I love the Bay Area.
You will love the Bay Area, go to the Bay Area.
At that point, that pretty much sealed it for the Bay Area.
He was gonna choose something no matter what, as long as it wasn't what his father-in-law wanted.
But let me read this to you.
This is Los Angeles, 1996.
This is the day that I met Robert Joseph Pershing Foster.
The panel door rises a story high and would befit a museum or government office, but is actually the front door of a Spanish revival south of Wilshire.
The door opens, and there stands a one-time bourbon swilling army captain and deft-handed surgeon, who now in his later years is a regular at the Blackjack Tables and the Trifectus at Santa Anita.
But he is at the heart of it all, and perhaps most important, a longstanding, still bitter and somewhat obsessive expatriate from the 20th century south.
The heartbreak Jim Crow land he chose to reject before it could reject him again.
He is a Californian now, this Robert Joseph Pershing Foster.
He is the color of strong coffee and has waves in his hair, which he lets grow his untamed as Einsteins, but then brushes back like the boys in the band.
He's wearing a white cotton island shirt, loose slacks, and sandals, the uniform of the well-to-do LA pensioner.
He has the build and bearing of a Sammy Davis Jr.
and not a little of a showmanship and delightful superficiality that seemed to grow on people in certain circles of LA.
Mm-hmm.
That's a way, she says.
Now, you know, I've read that in LA, and I started to think, oh, I meant to edit that out.
But you know what?
They loved it.
They said, yep, we're superficial.
We're superficial.
They loved it.
And you know it's right, don't you?
Yeah.
He walks straight back and slew footed into the foyer, past the curved faux gone with the wind staircase, and the East Asian pottery.
He gestures toward the living room and imposing ballroom of a space that dwarfs him in its volume, fairly frozen in the sea foam carpet and hot pink tulip chairs out of a Sherbety Doris Day movie from the 50s.
The whole effect is as starched and formal as the tuxedos he used to wear to the parties he threw for himself back when his wife Alice was alive and the money was raining down like confetti.
He seems accustomed to people fawning over the place, and with the prim air of leading men of his favorite movies from back in the 40s, insists on serving his guests a slice of lemon pound cake and vanilla ice cream on Rosenthal China, whether they would like to have it or not, which I did not.
I'd already eaten.
He sat and watched.
He is a physician or was for most of his adult life, and by most accounts a very good one, and is prone to pontificate like a man of his years and accomplishments.
But he is just as likely to interrupt himself and check the time to see if he can still make the one o'clock at the Hollywood Park race track.
His photo albums are filled with an unlikely assortment of bookies and blues singers and dentists and fraternity men and surgeons and society people whose approval he craved even though he knew they were too pretentious to matter, really.
He doesn't say it because it would be gauche and hardly worth mentioning from his point of view, but there happened to be a lot of little Roberts around town due to the fact that over the years he delivered a number of baby boys whose mothers were so grateful for his firm hand and calming reassurances at the precise moment of truth that they named their sons not after their husbands, but after the doctor who had delivered their babies.
Before he begins this story, he tells you it's a long one and you can't get it all.
He's lived too many lives, done too much, known too many people, ridden so high and so low that there's no point in fooling yourself into thinking you can capture the whole of it.
You could try, of course, and he agrees to give as much as he can.
I just want to close with um with these thoughts and before taking your questions, and that is that this migration, you know, we've talked about the the joys of of reporting it.
We've talked about the origins of it and how we all owe a debt of gratitude to the people who made it possible for us to be here.
In fact, many of us wouldn't be here if they hadn't left and met the people who would ultimately become our grandparents' parents or whatever.
But this migration has a lot of lessons for all of us today.
Remember, this migration was a leaderless revolution that changed the country.
That shows you the power of the individual.
One person multiplied by millions ended up putting so much pressure on the South that it forced the South to change.
And the ways that it forced the South to change was this.
One, it showed the South and also the North that the lowest caste people in this country had options, finally, and were willing to take them.
It wasn't sure, it wasn't clear whether they would take them or not.
This is the first time in American history that this low, the lowest caste people, African Americans, took this huge step to leave the only place that they had ever been for most of their history and set out for courses of places unknown.
Secondly, it exposed the people who stayed to options, other ways of being.
In other words, they would come and visit their cousins and their great aunts and the neighbors who moved up north or out west, and they could see how the people are living.
And they could they wonder to themselves and said to themselves, why can't we have this back home?
Why can't we walk freely down the street without fearing that we might somehow offend and get on the wrong side of a caste system that is so hard to figure out that we just basically shrink from everything?
Why can't we have that here?
And that helped to feed and fuel the uh what would ultimately be known as the civil rights movement.
The civil rights movement would have happened eventually, but it was it was accelerated by the mass departures of basically half of the black population from the South.
That's massive.
That's power of the individual.
And then finally, those people were sending money back home to help uh support the effort.
So there was all of this back and forth going on.
It took people in the North and the West and people in the South to make this happen.
Remember that whenever there's any kind of turmoil anywhere in the world, usually the United States gets more involved if there is already a contingent of people from that part of the world here in this country.
And that's because those people can put pressure on the United States to at least cover it and pay attention just by being there, not having to necessarily even protest, just by being there.
In other words, the North and the West having such a large percentage of black people that they'd never had before had to take note of what was going on in the South.
They hadn't been paying attention before.
It should be remembered that resistance to this caste system, resistance to what is known as uh whether you want to call it slavery, uh, the Jim Crow caste system, whatever you want to call it, resistance had been going on since 1619.
There had been resistance to this uh to the oppression that African Americans have been living under for the entire time was going on.
But these were people who were dying or attacked, lynched, but they were like trees that were falling and no one was hearing them.
Finally, there was when there was a large enough contingent of people in these big cities where all the media were, where the cameras were, suddenly people were taking notice.
And it was then and only then that all of this these resistance efforts were getting attention, and that is what helped fuel the civil rights movement, what I like to consider the human rights movement forward.
And then finally, I wanted to say that what is the result of any migration experience?
What truly is a result of it?
People who migrate often don't do it for themselves.
It's almost too late for them sometimes because they've already suffered whatever the indignities are, the lowered uh experiences with education, the limits on their education.
Some could only go as far as the eighth grade, that was as far as you could go in Chickasaw County, Mississippi, for example.
Others could only go as far as the 11th grade.
That was a standard for many, many uh people uh at that time.
They had already suffered the lack of nutrition, whatever it was, they had already suffered.
But it wasn't too late for the children and the unseen grandchildren and great-grandchildren, meaning us.
It wasn't too late.
So ultimately, when they made this decision to leave, it was not for them, but ultimately it was for us, all of us.
I mean, this is for, I always say that this was not unlike any migration, the people who migrated across the Atlantic and Steerage, the people who crossed the Pacific Ocean, and those who crossed the Rio Grande.
Everyone who does such a thing is doing it for the unseen children and grandchildren who might benefit.
And what happened?
What happened to those people?
Those people, this was the first time that people in this lowest caste had an opportunity to become their truer selves.
And those children, once they got the opportunity, not all, not everybody in any group is going to go off and become Nobel laureates.
But this was the first time that you had an opportunity for Tony Morrison to exist.
The first time.
And that is because during the time that her parents migrated from Alabama to Ohio.
Had they not migrated, she would not have been able to do something that we take for granted, and perhaps today we're not taking it as granted as much in this particular moment here in this building.
She would not have been able to go to a library and take out a library book.
It was against the law for African Americans to do that.
And if you're gonna become a Nobel laureate, you kind of need to be able to get a book now and then.
And she would not have been able to do that had her parents stayed.
She would not have been able to do that.
When it comes to music, music as we know it would simply not exist.
Uh much of the music as we know it.
Motown would not have existed at all.
That's because Barry Gordy migrated from George, his parents migrated from Georgia to Detroit.
There, when he got to be a grown man, he looked around him, he wanted to go into music.
He didn't have the money to go scouting out the best talent, so what did he do?
He ended up looking around himself, and there were these children.
The children of the great migration, children who were listening to gospel music at home and spirituals at home, and the blues music at home.
And they were playing it out for themselves, and he saw these three girls.
One of them was full of personality but didn't have the strongest voice.
I think you know I'm speaking about.
We would not even know her name, Diana Ross.
Her, and that's because her father migrated from West Virginia, mother from Alabama, met in Detroit.
She wouldn't even have existed had there been no great migration, much less to be, you know, to be discovered by Barry Gordy, who also wouldn't have existed, but you just keep going back and back and back, and you realize that this is an American story of so many people who wouldn't have existed, and we wouldn't even know their names had they not migrated out and taken this act of courage to leave.
He also heard about this very large family in Gary, Indiana.
Nine or ten kids, five boys, the youngest one was the one who did all the dancing and singing.
We would not know Michael Jackson's name.
We would not know Prince's name.
All of these people are individuals who were products of people who had migrated from different parts of the South to the North, met in the North, had the children, and the children had the opportunity to be exposed to and to be to be discovered.
The talent was within them all along, but it was latent and undeveloped because people were stuck in a caste system.
And when it comes to jazz, um, Miles Davis simply would not have been able to become the person that he did had there been no great migration.
His parents migrated from Arkansas to Illinois, where he had the opportunity to develop his skill, the luxury you might say.
Delonius Monk, his parents migrated from uh North Carolina to Harlem when he was five years old.
He too had the luxury of being able to spend time developing his his in his God-given talent instead of uh picking tobacco, which is what the family would have been doing in North Carolina, and John Coltrane, John Coltrane.
He he migrated himself at the age of 17 from North Carolina to Philadelphia, where believe it or not, think about this historical uh fact, that is where when he got to Philadelphia, that is where he got his first Alto Sachs.
He had not touched an Alto Sachs until he got to Philadelphia.
And where would where would jazz be?
Where would music be?
Where would culture be?
And not just American culture, but world culture, all of these names I've given you just a few of the names.
This is just this is just the tip of the iceberg.
I have a long list of recognized household names from August Wilson to Michelle Obama to James Baldwin and Richard Wright, all of these people who would never have been able to become the people that they had had someone not made the decision to leave, simply to leave.
The power of the individual decision could lead to so much that we now, in some ways, just it's so embedded in our culture that we don't often realize that this is actually the culture of a people who had left and made this big decision to leave.
Now, I I want to end with uh with this quote from Richard Wright, because you know, we're we're in difficult times overall as a country, as a planet on so many levels, and yet, you know, the human story is one of which in which we truly have so much more in common than we've been led to believe, and we have so much more strength because it's embedded in our backgrounds.
We need to recalibrate what it means to be a hero.
Our young people need to recalibrate what it means to be a hero.
We have heroes in all of our backgrounds, all of our families.
We need to know the family story to realize how did we as individuals get to this point.
These people who made this sacrifice have left us in some ways the code, the answer to a lot of the questions that we might ever have.
They left us not through their words but by their actions as to what we should do even today.
We have the strength within us to overcome anything because these people had to overcome so much more than we can even fathom.
And these are people who we're talking about we're in a great recession.
These are people who were who survived the Great Depression, and this is not to compare it, you know, our expectations are different now, but the reality is these people had so little compared to what we have.
The poorest person has a cell phone.
It may be Metro PC, yes, but they have a cell phone.
They didn't have a cell phone.
And so they have left us, they have left us through their actions, and also in our our very, our very DNA, you might say, as as people who are descended from people, all people here in the United States for the most part, are descended from people who came a long way away just to get here.
That makes people different.
There's something different about people who make this leap of faith.
And so they have left us the answers.
And I want to leave with end with this quote from Richard Wright, where the title of the book comes from.
In some ways, it's a prayer, it's what he said to himself as he was about to leave Mississippi for uh Chicago, and it's uh it's a lesson for all of us too, you know, whisper it to ourselves in moments of darkness where we're wondering what to do.
And he said, I was leaving the South to fling myself into the unknown.
I was taking a part of the South to transplant an alien soil, to see if it could grow differently, if it could drink of new and cool rains, bend in strange winds, respond to the warmth of other suns, and perhaps to bloom.
They have left us the answers to almost any question we might have.
They may not even be here to tell us what it is, but they have by their actions.
And that means that if they could do what they did without cell phones, no Skype, no email, think about the moment of departure.
Think about the moment of departure for all of them, which is how we all got here ultimately.
There's a moment of departure in which all of our, somebody in all of our backgrounds had to look into the face, into the eyes, the teary eyes, truly, of the parent, the person who had raised them, the mother, the father, the grandmother, the grandfather, the aunt, whoever it might have been, and they could not be assured that they would ever see this person alive again.
This is not this is not an exaggeration.
This is the reality of life at the time that I'm talking about.
Remember, there was no email.
There was no Skype.
There were no cell phones, no reliable even long-distance self, long-distance telephone service.
So when they were leaving, if they were getting on a on a boat from uh from uh Europe to here, if they were getting on a train from Florida to Seattle, you know, there was no guarantee that they would see this person alive again.
No guarantee.
And that person, that older person who could not make the crossing, because this is a young person's thing, really.
They were too old to make the crossing.
They had lived their lives, and they had to look into the eye of that person that they had raised and wonder if they would live to see them a lot, see them again in their lifespan, and not know if they ever would.
Think about that.
Think about the sacrifice that they had to make at that moment, the heart-wrenching moment of departure.
And when you think about what they had to do in order for us to be here today, you re you realize that if they could do what they did with absolutely nothing but just grit, fortitude, faith, and hope, and a belief in something that they could not even see, but believed had to be better than what they had there, then that means that there's nothing that we, the heirs to all that they did, cannot do.
So thank you so much for having me.
Thank you.
I've been told that we can take about 10 minutes for questions if there are any.
Yes, the question was do I travel to the South to deliver the message to talk about the book?
And yes, I do, and I've I was surprised that actually the very first place that I was invited to speak.
This is before the book came out, was the University of Mississippi.
Yeah, and I I uh uh wondered at first, certain point to remind them you know the book is about the people who left.
And they say, yes, we understand, we know that we want to hear about it.
And the reason is because actually, the the uh I should say that the turnout, some of the best turnouts uh are in the South, and that's because these are their people.
These are their people.
These are their cousins, their uh their aunts, sometimes their grandparents, and their parents.
These are their people, and so they feel a deep connection to this, a deep curiosity.
More, you know, I've I've been really gratified to see that.
Yes, I was at the University of Virginia, and um it was a great turnout, and um I was in that particular setting, I was the only person of color in the room, which is very which is which says a lot about the appreciation for history overall, um, and I was very I was gratified to see that as well.
So uh the and in some ways this great migration, the people who were part of this migration in some ways were unwitting ambassadors of southern culture because they brought the culture with them.
So Southerners, if they look at it and and really uh take note of what happened, then in some ways, the way that they probably that I gather that it's being uh understood and appreciated is that these are our people who went to the north and the west and carried the culture with them so that in some ways we can take a part of that, we can we can take joy in it.
We've come a long long way.
We really have come a long way, and the turnout has been phenomenal in the South.
It has been.
My name is Malcolm Westbrooks, and my father JB and my mother Videlia migrated to open in 1937 from Jasper County, Texas.
And he did it by freight train, but uh I know what that means.
For you, uh photo of them on the East Shore Lake Mirror 1939, and some video.
I began uh videotaping my father in the late 70s, early 80s.
And he has some wonderful stories that I think you'll enjoy.
So I'd be honored to do that.
Oh, thank you.
Yeah, my parents.
Thank you very much.
Thank you, thank you.
Hi there.
I am just absolutely so moved by this book.
I'm I'm an avid fan of history and history of real people, and particularly of the migration coming to California.
My family settled in Arizona and up in the mountains of McNary and Tucson and and Phoenix and Yuma and all of those places in the middle of the desert.
Yeah, it's and I mean it's a fascinating stories of how black folks got to be in the middle of the desert in the first place.
But one of the things I wanted to ask you was about the process.
I also work with senior citizens to get them to tell their stories about settling in places like Cochrane and those places like that in the cotton fields and fruit farms that are here in uh uh the Bay Area or in Northern California.
I was just wondering what kind of questions did you ask, and when you went through the interview process, and I know that this was a 15-year process, and old people do love to love to talk.
They love to give them an opportunity to tell their story and they're ready to tell it.
So I was just wondering what what kind of questions would you ask?
Well, when it comes to the 15 years, the 15 years was in segments.
The f you know, it was about two years of just interviewing the 1200, going all over the the country and going into senior centers and uh ARP meetings and uh Baptist churches in uh in New York where everybody was from South Carolina, and of course, Catholic churches in LA where everybody was from Louisiana and on and on.
So there was a lot of places that I went.
That's one of the things that took the time.
Another thing that took the time is that uh people have to tell the story in their own time.
And for many of the people, remember, many of them don't want to talk, have not wanted to talk.
Um my mother was, as I said, one of the toughest interviews I had was my mother, who I am convinced still has not told me everything.
Um, but uh one of the things that I did with her, for example, was I I actually read every word of the book to her.
My father um passed away and did not live to see the day, he would have been so proud to have seen this book.
Um, but I did read it to her, who was then widowed, and um and what happened was I would read it, and she would start uh interrupting.
I mean, I couldn't get through a page because she said, Well, in Rome, you know, there goes Rome again.
And so that was one way to get her to talk.
So one of the challenges is just to make it comfortable for people to talk because a lot of times they don't want to talk.
It's too painful.
When you describe these things, and we we talk about the absurdity of not being able to pass somebody on the road or that sort of thing, but this was their lives.
This is what they had to live with for uh until uh they made the passage uh out of the South, and it was it was uh it it scarred them, and I think that a lot of this is almost like post-traumatic stress.
So it takes a lot of time and patience, which is one reason why it wouldn't be just one interview, it would be many, many, many visits.
I would call them more visits than interviewing.
And we would just talk about whatever they was on their minds at that moment.
I might throw out a topic about you know, tell me about you know when you got married or how you met your spouse, how'd you meet your husband, and then they would start talking, and then we would ease into it, and then over time um other things would come out, and that's how I got the story.
There's a hand right there.
Right here.
Hi, hi, you actually uh answered uh the part of my question regarding uh getting those stories.
So I wanted to take a quick second to announce an event I'm doing.
Um, inspired by your book, uh my boss, Alameda County supervisor Keith Carson initiated a program where the last um three months we've been doing genealogy with youth in uh South Berkeley, uh West Oakland, and uh former foster youth.
So uh those uh young people will be uh telling their stories on June 4th at Malcolm X Elementary in uh Berkeley.
So I hope you all will come out and uh support those young people telling their stories.
And uh for the record, my family, my mother's side, Appaloosis, Louisiana, and uh Jacksonville, Florida, my father's side by way of Detroit.
I I I have to say that, you know, when I started this, people didn't talk like that.
And my goal was to have almost when you introduce yourself to describe what the background is, because that is part of the identity, and it's embracing that identity and taking a sense of dignity from what that represents.
That means something.
It means something.
Just saying where they're from means they had to come a long way.
That's the story in itself.
There's more to the story, but that says so much, and I I it just it just warms my heart to hear that we are embracing it and talking about that in that way.
Yes.
The question is about the migration from Gorye Island.
I have, I have uh I have her obviously heard of it, The Door of No Return.
And one of the things that I have uh come to embrace with this book, if you read it, you get a sense of it.
If you heard me speak, you get a sense of it, and I'll say it again.
We all have so much more in common than we've been led to believe.
We are all here because someone made a great leap of faith to jump off a cliff in the unknown.
I view all these migration streams as being reflective of the faith and the fortitude of the forebears who did this thing, and I don't see a difference between whether people came from the Caribbean or whether they came from Alabama.
Um the idea is they all we all came through uh great uh sacrifice and loss and homesickness and all of that, bringing the culture with us, having to recreate the culture wherever we landed, and it's that idea that I uh connect with.
The people in this book are merely proxies for what anyone who ever made the crossing has done.
The beauty of it is it gives us an idea because many for many people the the uh actual migration experience, immigration experience happened a long time ago.
This is so recent and yet it's complete that you get a chance to understand what was it like?
What did it take?
What would I have done?
I wanted it to come alive for readers.
These these people, these people are human beings doing what human beings do when they're faced with the circumstances that they were in, and that's where I take my sustenance from, and it makes me feel a greater connection to all of humanity because it this to be human in some ways is to migrate ultimately.
Yes.
Yes.
Um one of the things that's so resonant about the experience of reading your book is you are the reader, and communities across the country are inspired by the what you read.
What you written.
I'd like to know what's your next project.
And also if you're various meetings across the country, what things have jumped off because of people reading the book, the conversations being had because of the book.
What have one of those inspirational things that you see?
Because it's it's certainly there's a way that your book has generated.
There is.
Well, first of all, this is the book.
This is my book.
This is my version of the book.
This has been with me since September when the book came out.
I had no idea that it was going to that I would still be talking about the book to this degree at this point, eight months into it.
And it doesn't appear to be uh coming to coming to an end because I'm booked through uh spring of 2013.
I cannot believe that.
So when I I say that to say that the uh that it's become in some ways a uh a touch point for many groups to identify with there's a great discussion about immigration in this country, it helps understand why people do a particular thing.
I would hope that it would help us to recognize the common humanity and all of us.
My name is I would hope that it would help people who are recent immigrants see African American, the African American experience is not as different from theirs as they might perceive it to be, and that for other Americans to also see that that African Americans ended up doing, forced ultimately to do what other groups have have chose to do.
And so there's so much commonality we have.
One of the things that I do know that it's being taken up by many, many schools.
Um there are it it or not, that'sed the ocean and is being uh read by uh very high-level people.
And I don't we don't know all where it will go because people are still reading it.
I mean, it's a great leap of faith just to pick up the book because it's a big book, you know.
But I I hope you find that it it is um uh a pleasure to read because I worked really hard to try to make it that.
These people are beautiful people, yeah.
It is thank you so much.
And I think we can do a lot with our children if we talk to them about the situations in which we came from.
Because with my daughter and son, I said, Do you know why you like potato pie?
No, I just know it's good.
I said, Well, because blacks in the South years ago they didn't have money for desserts, so therefore they used whatever they had that they had grown and put sugar in it and made it to be what they wanted.
I said that's where you got your potato pie, that's where you got the red pudding, that's where you got your rice pudding.
All of those desserts, peach copper, and all of that was from down south because my parents did not have money to buy sweets, so they made it themselves.
And just one other comment I can um I can um go back because it's very emotional for me, because when you were talking about people trying to act white, my English teacher at Grambling was very light, fair skin, and she had her hair red.
She always colored it red for some reason, and she was very stiff, you know.
She's just very educated.
She was on her way to Grambling to work one morning, and a group of white people forced her off the road between Gramley and Rustin and beat her up because they told her she was trying to act white.
So it was very emotional when you said that, because I pretty much have lived through a lot of things.
It was life and death.
This is real the reality.
And you knew your place back there.
Yeah.
Where to go, where not to go, and that's why I didn't appreciate BB King.
Please sneak off and go to visit again.
Yeah, I I wanted to uh excuse me.
I wanted to thank you so much for um, okay.
I wanted to thank you so much for your book.
I migrated to California in 19 uh 51 when I was just 20 years old, and uh last week I got a chance to share my migration story with fourth graders, and they were very much uh very much uh interested in it.
Uh also there's hope after all.
Uh yes, yes, of course.
They were very, very much interested in it, with pictures of my family and so forth.
But I wanted to say also that I had the opportunity to connect my migration story and your story with the migration of one of my great-grandmothers who came over uh and lived as an enslaved person, and I knew her when I was a young child.
She died in 1939 when I was nine years old.
And so they got a chance to see a larger picture of the migration.
But thank you very much.
Well, thank you.
I think we have time for one more question.
You had started out earlier uh talking about how you make this story alive to young people, and I'd like for you to share that with us because I really would like to know because I know we talk to our kids and our grandchildren, but I like to hear how you share it and make it alive.
Well, the the uh well, one of them is to come up with these things that will that are connected to their lives, and one of them is driving, is a big deal, you know, especially for for uh people who feel that no one can tell them how to drive.
Uh, and so that I I've looked for examples such as that.
Um, but I'm I'm struck by the uh a study that I uh came across uh after having completed the book that reminded me of even why I decided to do the book.
And that was a study that showed that it was a it was uh in North Carolina, as I'm recalling, one of the Carolinas of uh it happened to have been uh Mexican-American children, and they showed that the uh the self-esteem for the children rose when there was a discussion of actually their culture and their background.
In other words, once they embraced their culture and their background, recognizing that they were American, but they also had other parts of themselves that could strengthen them in some way, and their self-esteem measurements of self-esteem actually rose.
Now, the thing is that for many African American children, that may not be occurring because the assumption is, well, they're American and you know, they know the story already.
Well, actually, they don't know the story.
There's no way you could truly know the story.
Uh, and I it reminded me of why I decided to do the book to begin with.
The idea, you know, going way back, I'm thinking about how when I was in school, my mother got me in the best school that she could because she valued education, the people actually truly valued education because it had been denied them.
And so she got me in a diverse school, a very good school in Washington, DC, with many, many people from all over the world.
And so there are many of them were diplomats, children, or anyway, they were a lot of so-called immigrants.
And I found myself identifying with the immigrant children.
I found myself feeling that you know, we'd open up our um lunch boxes, and our lunch boxes were different from the other children.
Other children might have grilled cheese sandwiches.
Well, my mother made um every single day.
She had Vienna sausages on Wonder Bread with Miracle Whip.
Yeah.
And she she actually pronounced it, it was not pronounced Vienna Sajas.
They were pronounced Vina sausage.
Yeah.
Yes.
So every day I would open it up, and there it was.
It's the same thing.
It was Vienna sausages on Wonder Bread with Miracle Whip every single day.
She was, and she was doing this.
Was her understanding her translation of what she thought northerners would be eating.
This was an upgrade in her mind.
And so I identified with the horror of opening this up and seeing what it was.
And then I had immigrant friends who were opening up things that might be curried or something else or very spicy with some things that other children were not having.
So I identified with that, but I didn't realize why.
And that is because we had a similar experience of being newcomers, the children of newcomers in a new world.
And so that's how I became, you know.
Obviously, at the time I didn't recognize that I was gonna go and write a book.
But to answer your question, I didn't realize on certain days where people would start talking about how their grandparents or great grandparents had come from the old country and done this and done that and made something of themselves.
I didn't realize that the same could be said for people who had done what my parents had done.
I didn't realize that.
I didn't realize I would be quiet on those days and not know what to say.
And I didn't realize that we had stories to tell too.
So thank you very much.
Paint me like I am.
Why don't you paint me like I am?
Laughing and dancing and smiling a lot, running with the children with the sun in my face.
Why don't you paint me like I am?
Paint me nappy headed and curly-haired and walking with that amazing grace.
Paint me happy and shouting in the temple.
Paint me balancing dream baskets of passion fruit on my head.
Paint me with the elegance I had when I taught the chambermaid how to adorn herself and how to be a woman.
Paint me when I remember that I am the daughter of Limpopo legends of Brooks and Streams and growing green things.
Paint me without the tears and the bowed down expression.
Paint me without the ropes, for I am unchained.
Can't you hear it in my voice?
How some wish they could sing like me.
Paint me precious, paint me starbright, paint me free.
A work that features the writings of prominent authors who live through the historic decision.
Joyce lives in the East Bay and is an internationally acclaimed playwright, author, editor, and poet.
She has received numerous awards and commendations that include the National Book Award, the American Book Award, three Corona Scott King honors, two governors awards, several American Library Association Awards, and an Oklahoma Lifetime Achievement Award.
Joyce, uh tell me, how did the book uh Linda Brown, You Are Not Alone, the Brown versus the Board of Education come about?
My editors at uh Hyper and Disney asked me if I'd be willing to pull together um this collection uh to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Brown versus Board of Ed.
And and when you were when they when they asked you to do this, Joyce then you selected the audience that you wanted to write this book for.
The art I already knew the audience was young people who would read the collection to be familiar with the authors they were reading.
Pretty much.
It and so the authors were all uh people who had been writing for that particular grade, I mean, eight age level.
Exactly.
They they um well known, highly regarded uh children's book authors.
Okay.
Um, how did you choose to arrange the contributions in the order in which you arrange them?
Well, since it's a book um that uh gives the um memories of um black and white um children.
I wanted the um the collection to be spaced in that way too.
Uh starts with a black author, then a white author, then a black and a white.
Um and it's um they the w the white and the black authors were the ones who suffered through that period.
And they all lived at the particular period in which this decision was made.
And so the young people reading the books now are reading about their favorite authors who were the age that they are at the present when they're reading the book.
And so and that's uh part of the reason that you had some are stories, some are memoirs and some are poems to give the students uh young people reading it a variety of uh genres.
Absolutely and also I didn't um uh I'm very careful when I ask uh other authors uh for work.
Uh-huh.
Because I know how I work, um, the sense of autonomy that you what comes up for you is what works best.
Uh so I asked them if they had any memories, it could be as we say, a short story or a poem or an essay.
Uh whatever came up for them when they thought about where they were in nineteen fifty four or around nineteen fifty four.
And so what did you tell them, Joyce?
It and t you told them just just to go back in that time.
I I don't know, don't let me tell you what you told them.
What didn't you tell them?
Well, actually it's it's interesting because th the uh there are five uh white authors and five black authors.
Uh the white authors said, I don't remember anything about that time.
And so I c we've had lots of telephone conversations and emails and uh so I said, Well, where were you when you heard about the decision?
And um one of them I believe it was um Jean Craig had George, she was in a car writing with somebody and then she remembered that in that c in the um she was writing with the I think the housekeeper.
And they had gone over to um see to take one of the the housekeeper's uh children or to go over to the school, black school for some reason.
And she was appalled at um the the um the walls falling down and the state of of uh deterioration and she was she remembered that and I said, Why don't you write about that?
She did.
And that's a strong, strong contribution to this book and you could just see her writing and she was so glad to be writing with that teacher to that school and had to be picked to do something special.
Yeah.
And then when she gets to the school she just she can't believe the contrast to her old school.
Yeah, it's it's really I think it was eye opening because the um the child the white children were separated from the black children.
So we don't have what we have today, but we uh in many senses enjoy today, which is the ability for um white and black uh young people to congregate to discuss.
And I also wanted the students to be able to discuss uh some of the things that come up in the in the stories and the poems, because for me the most important um question, an educator can get to come from young people is the question why.
And and the perspectives, Joyce of the different the black writers and the white writers, you wanted that to be just naturally their perspective of of that particular period in their lives.
And how did you deal with the different perspectives?
Well, I accepted them.
I already knew um one thing which is very important, that these authors um already practiced the multi level joy of writing for young people.
And so it wasn't a big push once they had decided what it was they were writing, they knew their audience so well.
Uhhuh.
That the the student or the or the reader and by reader it was young people but it's also readers also of course the adults, the grandparents, the families, people reading together and talking about the book itself.
So that came out I saw after the book was completed.
Here's an opportunity to discuss this event that happened fifty years ago.
So what do you think Joyce is the then the value of this book for the young readers written like this as opposed to going to the uh documents of the trial itself.
I think it makes it very uh vivid for them.
Uhhuh.
It it makes history live, if you will.
Um I mean just the just the cover alone here's uh um Curtis James uh rendition of uh of Linda Brown.
Yes, where she's now grandmother Linda Brown.
And um so to think of her as a young girl is I think very uh wonderful and she's still fighting as we all are for the children.
And um to see her at this age uh just brings us right into the book.
I think that the um Curtis James um art, his art, he's a fine artist.
And this is his first uh illustration book for children.
And he was so wonderful.
He asked me what I envisioned because he did a he did a painting for each contribution.
And so I gave him my what I thought and so he said okay.
And then uh he asked me how I wrote and I told him I get up early in the morning and write first thing while my mind is still clear and it's it's quiet.
And I asked him how he worked and he said the first thing he does when he gets up before he paints uh b he uh prays.
Is that right?
He prays first.
Uhhuh and then he paints.
I I you know as a matter of fact you mentioned that he did the illustration for each contribution and I get to the point that I was looking to see what it was going to be like for each one.
And the faces as I said to you, you know a a little while back or a little while back earlier today is the the face of the the student on the cover are so familiar.
The faces are so familiar.
You look at the cover and you say I've seen these kids.
Yes.
And that's his that's the the precious part of his art I do believe.
And of course his coming to the art was through the contributions.
The contributions were first.
Uhhuh and then he read them and and had his prayer and then painted them.
Well I know how careful you are about who does the illustrations for your books 'cause all of your books we've had discussions before in the past about well Joyce who did this or you know, how did you decide on this illustrator?
So I know it you know when I looked at it I said yeah this is I know it's gonna be good illustrations if it's with Joyce's works because they always are you know and this was particularly uh it's beautiful beautiful beautiful work.
The whole book the the contributions to the book, the typography of the book, the touch of the book, I think the children of it, yeah.
People like holding this book and that's so important, you know a book could have a lot to say but if it's if it's not presented in a way that your eyes want to rest on and your hands caress it then the kids aren't going to pick it up.
And and what is so marvelous about Linda Brown is she's five years old at this time.
She's very young.
She's very young.
We think of often the uh black students integrating the colleges but we don't think of the five year old and she's five years old when this happens and she and so I think that part of the attraction will be to students today who think the older people do it all the time is this was a little girl who who was gonna have to go too far to school.
One of the reasons I'm a particularly excited about this is that when that decision was passed, it was a nine to zero decision.
It was a unified decision um the of the court of the high court and it was unanimous and it makes me think about what the unified the United means in the United States is unit unified and the decision was unified.
We were united.
And I believe we can read that way again.
I think you talk about that in your introduction.
I do, yes.
About that you wonder what the students, young students w will be reading this, will get a sense of what this united means.
Yeah.
And it's kind of united in dignity and united it in being concerned about each other.
And doing what's right.
Uh doing the thing that is um that gives us our humanity.
Uh-huh.
It's very painful to watch um people screaming at little children.
And even though these are some of the you know, the judge who stood in the courtroom and the court uh stood in the doors of the courthouse and and uh said all those nasty things.
Um, later on he changed his mind.
Um, but yeah, that's it's important to know that that happened.
But there are joyous for example, um our friend um um Leonard Welch's right story about my dear colored people is just so funny.
Right.
There's this bishop, you know, proclaiming, you know, my dear colored people and and just like putting them down.
Yes.
As I say you you're lucky to be sitting in here in these pews where the white people sit.
Right.
And she does something else with it in her head.
And it's so the book ends on this very triumphant um triumphant uh in this very triumphant place.
And she knew she had the support of her parents.
And all of her parents were sitting there and so she took the title, my dear colored people that was supposed to be a put down and reclaimed it.
To be dear was to be supported by your grandparents, your aunts, your uncles, your great grandma, your all these people, your neighbors that your uh the people who went to church with you, uh, who said, uh, you know, act right, sit up, do this, do that.
The people who cared about how you carried yourself.
Yes.
So the young people reading this book will see that we had heroes and heroes of all ages.
Exactly.
And it's not and like as you said, Quincy Troops uh piece makes it clear that this was painful.
Absolutely.
Getting getting jumped on by kids uh who when you well I think he said maybe it was a handful of black kids in the school.
I think he was the only one for a while.
For a while.
Yeah, I think he was the only one.
And the other thing he said that I I found very amusing was that he was smarter than anybody in the school.
Oh yeah.
That that's yeah.
Yeah.
Yeah, I like that.
And I also like where uh um I it was I think it was Ismail Reed mentioning that oh maybe it was Quincy Troops still that um the benefit of going through all these struggles is you stop mystifying rights.
I mean, you looked over there, you saw well they d they may know this, but I know this or they're no smarter than I am, you know.
Yeah, that was that so it is it is a mixed um a mixed bag that uh the suffering happened, but also they he would not have known um where he stood in terms of his intellect and his genius.
And that's true I think of everybody in the book that the um even the white writers understand that um a lot of the things that had been told were not true.
Exactly.
And so a lot of the things that they drew up um believing were un unexamined um uh what could you call 'em an unexamined um certainly unexamined truths, you know.
Uh and unexamined first hand.
Exactly.
So the why is a is an important question.
Why did this happen?
And why do you think it happened?
And I think that educators who use this book will really benefit from the teachers' guide.
They did this absolutely gorgeous elegant teacher's guide, um, which invites the the teacher and the student to discuss each of the each of the uh contributions.
Uhhuh.
And to come up with their own what do they think and maybe and also there's some also some the academic things like other books they can read and a timeline and and all of the things that surround this.
But this gets them into 1954.
Well I wanted to d to make sure to ask you after reading stormy weather, I was wondering why how how you came up with what you were going to contribute to the book.
Well, I was very busy talking with the contributors, uh, because they'd never done anything like this before, and all of the all the contributions are unique, original.
I don't like to do re-anthologizing things.
If you if you're going to do something wonderful, make it new.
Yes.
And so uh so it it required talking, my talking back and forth with them.
And um, so I didn't I didn't do my stormy weather until everybody else's piece was in.
It's like the mother takes care of all the kids and then she eats it.
Uh-huh.
Right, exactly, exactly.
Uh, but yeah, that was it.
I I waited until everybody's was in, and then I thought, well, what shall I write?
I wondered if it would be an essay or a short story, but what came up for me was this poem, Stormy Weather, which was sparked by something that happened with mama and me on our way from Tracy, California to Oklahoma.
Stormy weather.
We're traveling from Tracy, California back to 1950s Ponka City, a town etched in young memory, a segregated oasis, where black teachers lessen us in the freedom of piano music, mixing manners and reading and arithmetic and sacred sonnets.
Oh my Oklahoma.
In our Studebaker, we swept through the heat of the Mojave Desert and lurch on into Texas.
Mama is ill.
Her soft biscuit brown arms have turned bony and pale.
Dr.
Sonnenberg has told her she can make the journey as long as she takes her medication with water.
I am in charge of the doctor's instructions.
Sister, hand me my purse, my mother says, I am the older daughter and have the designated title of sister.
I watch to see that Mama takes her tablets on time.
She swallows the pill, rinses it down with water.
Hungry, we stop in Texas.
Y'all can't eat in here, a gruff voice takes our money, turns us away from his restaurant.
Y'all go eat over yonder.
He points to an outdoor picnic table littered dirty with bird droppings, swarming with flies.
I cannot eat the sandwich or watermelon.
My stomach jumps rope.
On the Texas Oklahoma border, we stop for gas and water from mama's medicine.
Sister, hand me my purse.
I pass the purse to Mama.
She opens the bag and takes out her pill.
She asks the attendant, May I have a cup of water.
No, the man says, still counting our money.
Mama's face turns ashen.
I look out the car window for Sunday school Jesus driving the money chambers from the temple.
I pray for an ever-flowing stream or a cloud burst from a summer storm, flooding a cup's worth of water enough for mama to swallow her pill.
I am sister, but I cannot help her.
A storm kicks up, lightning flashes, a torrent of holy water baptizes our dusty car.
Windshield wipers sing with laughter.
Sister, hand me my purse.
I leap from the car and collect healing water and the cup of watertight fingers.
Mama sips raindrops from my praying hands.
At the station, the attendant gazes in disbelief, struck dumber by this gift from God, as though he never knew the kindness of teachers and librarians, or hugs from a mama with fluffy biscuit brown arms.
I still pray for stormy we were uh watching an art show and th to make the long story short, I think about the first time we saw at the art show inspired you to write the poem uh Paint Me Like I Am.
And I now call that, you know, the anthem.
I've been teaching many, many years, and all my students know that poem, Paint Me Like I Am.
And that's what you're doing with Linda Brown.
That's what you do with all your stories.
You're saying paint me like I am.
To write is to write from another p it's very deep.
It's a deep place.
And you hope that um that you get you're getting it right.
And I'm such a perfectionist.
I have at least ten to twenty drafts of every book I've written.
Uh poetry's another thing.
Sometimes it just comes out whole.
But the books are something else and the plays, of course, there are as many drafts of those as there are of the the novels.
And actually what you just said, that's that's the beauty of this book is when teachers are teaching it or when you're coming to visit classes, like I hope you will come to visit my class and read from the book, just what you mentioned that a poem comes out one way, a short story comes out another way.
An essay comes out another way.
So in addition to the stories, the book is also good for uh young readers to see different genres.
I can see teachers using this book also to teach writing in a in the classroom and and the in the different or to teach a different literary genres, since you cover all of them, I mean many of them in the in the in this anthology.
I I think of you, Joyce, as bringing your spirit to your work and that almost has a echo.
It is is that spirit that makes people soften up.
Like I always say that when when you open your home for many years and and the the when different writers would move to the Bay Area, they would meet other writers in your home and always said when everybody came to Joyce's home, if there were like literary quarrels, they were left at the door.
It was always it would used to be it was it was such a a place to to go to your house.
It was um it was at your house that I met Alice Walker, it was at your house that I met Chester Hines.
It was at your house that so many people came together and enjoyed it was it's it there's this what I'm trying to say is that same spirit that pulls people together harmoniously with all the difficulties in this world is the same kind of talent that you have with these stories when you have these different perspectives, white and black.
That maybe people individually might be challenging different perspectives, but somehow to come together as a unified whole in this book.
I think so.
I think that's great and it lets us know our possibilities.
Yes.
I mean, there is no limit to what we can do once we put our hearts and minds into uh living.
And and Joyce, what do you so you is this book is um um going into the schools this year I I would imagine that since two thousand and four it's gonna be the big celebration of the Brown versus the Board of Education, that this book is going to be a hot book and it's already getting a lot of attention.
It is.
I'm just really thrilled at um some of the absolutely amazing reviews and the um and what what you want for a reviewer to do is to get it, you know, to understand what's happening.
And uh and they do.
They just I was just very, very uh gratified, as are the publishers of course.
That um that they knew they talk about the nuances of the co of the pieces that are in there.
Yes, nuances.
Well, I certainly have enjoyed reading this book and I'm so glad that I was able to um be involved with with talking to you about this particular book.
Um where do you where would you like to see um your next work coming after this?
My next work is uh I think the well I have I have a lot going on at one time.
That's how I should have thought it was usual.
Uh but the Gospel Cinderella um is uh a children's book and um I've uh I've seen the galleys and they are really wonderful.
And of course that comes out of my gospel background, the sanctified church background.
And then an an another thing about the Sanctified Church is Zora Neil Hurston's books for children that I'm adapting.
Well, talking to you is and we could just go on forever as we've often done in your living room.
And um, but uh, I wanna say that um we are delighted that you took the time to be here with us and thank you for a lively and informative discussion.
We'll all look for Linda Brown, you are not alone as well as other works you've shared with us.
Thanks again for being here with us.
It's just great.
So dear readers of Linda Brown, you're not alone.
We come to reflect, to rejoice and to consider how much further we have to go.
Today, the Brown victory is still leading all of America's children, including all of you, listeners and readers, into the twenty-first century and beyond.
We thank the brave children of our past.
We are mindful that some of those brave children who are now adults still bear the scars of that battle.
Although you may not have a blue back webster's, your books can be just as exciting.
Your thirst is the same as that of the child who wanted her father to read to her under the mulberry bush.
Can you hear her singing syllables into words because she wanted to read books for herself?
As we commemorate the fifty year milestone of the ground decision, we, your authors, illustrators, librarians, teachers, and parents, applaud your belief in education for all.
Let us continue to work together toward a truer democracy.
Good afternoon and welcome to the community and economic development committee meeting of Tuesday, May 12, 2026.
The time is now 132 p.m.
and this meeting may come to order.
Before taking role, I will provide instructions on how to submit a speaker card for items on this agenda.
If you're here with us in chamber and would like to submit a speaker card, please fill one out and turn one into myself or a clerk representative before the item is read into record online speakers.
Speaker requests were due 24 hours prior to the start of this meeting.
This meeting came to order at 1 32 p.m.
and speaker cards will no longer be accepted 10 minutes after that.
After making that time 142 p.m.
We'll now proceed with taking roll.
Council members five.
Present.
Rama Chandren.
Here.
Unger?
Here.
And Chair Brown.
Present.
Thank you.
We have four members present.
Chair, before we begin, do you have any announcements at this time?
Yes, thank you so much.
So first I just want to take a moment to express my gratitude for the strong attendance today.
Definitely encourage everyone to continue showing up for our community and economic development committee well into the future, given that this committee plays a critical role in shaping the vibrancy of economic development in our city, workforce opportunities, zoning, and housing policy.
And so with that in mind, and in an effort to ensure that the committee wraps up in a timely manner, I would be allotting uh just 90 seconds for public comment today.
Thank you so much.
Thank you.
Now reading in item one approval of the draft minutes from the committee meetings of March 24th, 2026 and April 21st, 2026, and we have no speakers on this item.
Excellent.
Thank you so much.
Um I'll entertain a motion.
So moved.
Second.
Thank you.
We have a motion made by Councilmember Unger, seconded by Council Member Ramachandran to accept the draft minutes from the committee meetings of March 21st and April 21st, 2026.
On roll.
Council members five.
Aye.
Rama Chandran.
Aye.
Unger.
I and Chair Brown.
Aye.
Thank you.
Item number one passes with four eyes.
Reading in item two determination of schedule about standing committee items, and we have one speaker that signed up.
Excellent.
Thank you so much.
So uh to the uh city administration.
Any changes for our pending list?
Uh no.
Okay.
Excellent colleagues.
Excellent.
And so we can hear from the public speaker.
Calling in the name that signed up to speak on item number two, the pending list, Mrs.
Olabala.
At some point, I don't know why you won't have this discussion.
But you are a sanctuary city.
And being in that status, you have allowed people to come into this city illegally.
It is estimated that it's over 200,000 in this city.
State of California, it's two million.
The population of California black people is 2.3 million.
But they are getting the jobs, they are getting the housing.
They are getting access to education.
They're getting health care.
Black people, we're not getting much of anything.
The City of Oakland unemployment rate is over 9%.
The same thing is true for the United States, unemployment for black people, close to 9%.
I will not sit here every meeting and allow you to ignore the negativity, the disproportionality of what's happening in the city of Oakland as a result of your sanctuary city status.
Barbara Jordan told you in 1994, when she was a part of the immigration investigative committee on how we should look at immigration in the future.
They said you should put a limitation on it because at some point it was going to impact low-level unemployment.
Thank you for your comments, Ms.
Laval.
Chair that concludes all speakers on this item.
Excellent.
Thank you so much.
And I'll end the entertainment motion on the pending list.
So moved.
Thank you.
That's a motion made by Councilmember Unger, seconded by Council Member Five to approve.
Sorry, to accept the determination of scheduled outstanding committee items as is on rule.
Councilmember five.
Aye.
Rama Chandran.
Aye.
Unger.
Aye.
And Chair Brown.
Aye.
Thank you.
Item number two passes with four eyes to accept the pending list as is.
Reading in item number three.
Adopt a resolution authorizing grant agreements with service service providers competitively selected for workforce innovation and opportunity act program services for fiscal years 2026 to 2029 and a total amount not to exceed 2,650,000 for fiscal year 2026 to 2027 to provide comprehensive adult and dislocated worker one-stop operator business engagement and youth services and amendments existing YOA agreements to extend contract terms through June 30th, 2027, and increase funding in a total amount not to exceed 584,109 dollars.
And we have 11 speakers that signed up to speak.
Excellent.
Thank you so much.
So for this presentation, we will be hearing from assistant administrator Sophia Navarro.
Good afternoon.
Just to correct my title.
Sorry, Deputy City Administrator, but thank you.
So through the chair, to council and to our public.
So thank you again for this opportunity to present.
So we are bringing forth to council approval of $2.65 million in new WIOA.
So we owe a workforce innovation opportunity act service contracts for fiscal year 2026 through 2027.
Also authorizing renewals through fiscal year 2029 based on performance and funding availability.
Approved 584,109,000 in amendments to extend current WIOA service contracts through June 30, 2027, and support continuity of workforce services during transition to the new procurement cycle.
And I did want to also note that uh this presentation was also provided to the Oakland Workforce Development Board, and um the funding recommendations that are presented here were approved by that board on February 26 of 2026.
So, quick overview.
Actually, do I have a PowerPoint?
It's not thank you.
Do you have a clip of course?
Appreciate that.
So going into just the overview of recommendation action.
So the new WIOA contracts, it's a competitive procurement conducted for adult dislocated worker, youth, business engagement, which is a new category in this process, and the one-staff operator services.
Recommended awards based on were based on scoring, uh, geographic coverage, operational capacity, and system coordination, and also these contracts support citywide workforce service delivery that would begin July 1st, 2026.
Contract amendments and transition stability was something that we uh felt was needed to make sure that the workforce system continued during this procurement process.
So this extends current provider agreements through June 30, 2027, applies a portion of increased fiscal year 2025-2026 WIOA allocations to maintain, as I mentioned, continuity of services and supports uh uninterrupted participant services during this transition again to the new procurement cycle.
So, why this investment matters.
So the Oakland workforce system supports residents seeking employment training and career advancement opportunities.
This item implements a new competitive procurement cycle while maintaining continuity during this transition.
These contract extensions also help prevent disruption to workforce services for job seekers, youth, and employers.
The recommendations prioritize equitable geographic access, individual services and historically underserved communities.
Also increased WIOA funding, as mentioned earlier, provides an opportunity to stabilize provider operations and strengthen service delivery citywide.
And this recommended approach balances procurement integrity, operational continuity, fiscal stewardship, and community impact.
So just a little bit about the workforce system outcomes in the last procurement cycle.
So every three years we have we are mandated to put this out for procurement.
These dollars are federal dollars, they come from the Department of Labor, go to employment development department, and then get allocated to local jurisdictions.
So in 2022 through 2025, more than 1,100 Oakland residents were served across adult dislocated worker and youth programs over the past three program years.
Training participation increased by 12% over the three-year period, employment outcomes increased by 10% across WIOA funded programs.
The medium wages increased from 2450 an hour to 2690 an hour.
Obviously, we want to continue to see that grow because it's expensive in the Bay Area.
Youth medium wages increased from 19 an hour to 21 an hour, and cost per employment remained consistently below 5,000 despite funding levels.
So competitive and transparent, sorry, we of course had a competitive and transparent procurement process.
So open and competitive request for proposal process was conducted.
I want to just note that we were really intentional of starting this RFP process last year.
Our whole intention was to make sure that we started the process earlier so that we could get ideally through our board, our committee, and city council so that we can start these contracts on time, July 1.
We're still aiming and focused on that timeline, but again, we wanted to make sure that our providers had contracts starting on time because traditionally, as we've heard, oftentimes in council that contracts don't get executed until like three to six months, sometimes after the fact.
So, again, we want we were really thoughtful about this process.
Technical assistance was provided to support equitable applicant participation, independent review process was conducted by workforce development professionals and subject matter experts.
There was a two-step evaluation process, which focused on compliance review and qualitative scoring scored.
Score was on program design, experience, methodology, cost reasonable reasonableness, and responsiveness.
Recommendations reviewed in alignment with the Oakland Workforce Development Board priorities and federal requirements by the Department of Labor.
And we also did have a formal appeal process that was completed in accordance with the RFP.
So just briefly on the appeal process and procurement integrity, which is something that we did provide as far as this process goes.
All proposers were notified of funding recommendations and evaluation outcomes.
Applicants may request formal debrief regarding proposal scoring and process.
Appeals are limited to procedural concerns related to the procurement process.
Appeals must be submitted in writing within the designated appeal period, and final determinations are issued in accordance with city procurement and we are requirements, and that did happen in this process.
So just real quickly with the recommended new awards for 2026 through 2029.
So this procurement process had three categories, and that first category is a comprehensive AJCC.
AJCC stands for categories.
Thank you.
Sorry.
Look at the screen.
So category one is comprehensive American Job Centers of California.
The two recommended providers for funding there are the Oakland Private Industry Council, which would cover the downtown.
They have a downtown location and a West Oakland location.
Lau Family Community development, they have a location in Central Oakland and East Oakland over at the Eastmont Mall.
Those were the again two organizations that were being recommended for funding for the comprehensive American Job Center of California.
For category two, we have the one stop operator, we have the Oakland Private Industry Council who's being recommended to provide system-wide support to our workforce system.
The category three, and this again, I mentioned it briefly earlier, but business intermediary, this is actually a new component of this RFP process.
When we were in the process of putting together this RFP, we did have community stakeholder convenings in addition to connecting with our business community.
One thing that was called out is that we want to make sure that through the workforce system, we are really intentional about collaborating not only with the chambers in Oakland, but our own business development division and really just connecting more directly with businesses.
And so the way that we looked at this RFP process was a business first model, and what that means is not diminishing the role and the need and the focus for our job seekers, but really making sure that we are engaging employers more intentionally, really focused on the high growth sectors that we often talk about.
We talk about healthcare, IT, and so this role would really help us make sure that we're connecting with those businesses, bringing in those opportunities for our job seekers so that we're getting our job seekers into more high-quality paying jobs.
And so that organization was recommended to be the Spanish speaking unity council.
They would provide citywide services and be working very closely with the providers that you see here.
Category four is our youth services component, and the organizations recommended for funding are the Youth Employment Partnership, Lau Family Community Development, Spanish Speaking Unity Council, Oakland Tech Exchange, and Youth Uprising.
So why these providers?
So these providers were the highest ranked proposals within the service categories.
They've demonstrated capacity to deliver compliant high-quality workforce services.
It also represents a strong red geographic coverage across Oakland, including East Oakland, Deep East Oakland.
The focus on system coordination was also a key priority for us.
Employer engagement and participant outcomes.
And lastly, balanced fiscal stewardship with continuity and equity considerations.
We wanted to make sure that as we were recommending organizations for funding that we were really ensuring that there was coverage throughout the city of Oakland.
So in order for this to be realized, it also requires a contract amendment to really again support the transition, stability of the transition.
So recommendation of extending current provider agreements through June 30th, 2027, so that we can prepare for transition for maybe some of the organizations that are not being recommended to be funded in some of the categories as they had before.
So just to reiterate why the extensions are needed.
So Oakland received approximately 1.4 million in increased WIOA formula funding.
This is a one-time allocation for 2526.
New providers require transition and implementation time, so that is something that was put into consideration because we want to make sure our job seekers are being transitioned appropriately and have access to services.
Extensions prevent disruption of services, as I just mentioned.
Also employer engagement, youth programming, and AJCC operations.
So the recommendation applies approximately as mentioned earlier, 50% of increased adult dislocated worker and youth allocations to stabilize services during transition.
So this slide, sorry, it's a little tiny for folks in the public, but this is really just showing those recommended increases to current providers for fiscal year 205-26.
And so you'll see the increase there based on the proportional percentage.
We'll go through that.
Excellent.
I'll just want to comment on we've given you 10 minutes plus two, so 12.
How much more time do you need?
Can you give me two more minutes?
That sounds good.
A few more slides.
So equity and community impact.
So we so this recommendation expands access for underserved communities and priority populations.
So in this process, uh, we wanted to make sure that priority populations and areas that are historically underserved are being served, and those tend to be our uh East Oakland, Central Fruitville, and West Oakland locations.
Um, we also want support youth low-income residents and individuals facing barriers or employment barriers.
Uh, we know that the unemployment rate across our black community, Latino community are increasingly high, and so our focus and our priority is to make sure that we are providing resources where needed and um trying to impact that gap.
So this also promotes economic mobility and pathways to quality jobs and strengthens coordination across the workforce system.
Again, super tiny map, but I wanted to just reflect where services for 2022 and 2025 have been provided.
So this shares really via zip code how many uh individuals were served in the various locations, and what you can see in this map is that we hit our mark of making sure that we, again, continuous work and we need more dollars so that we can make more investments.
Um, but it does show that we have been serving the areas that we've been wanting to impact, which are again are the East Oakland, Central Footville and West Oakland locations, and lastly, just regarding the fiscal impact.
So, again, approximately 3.2 million in fiscal year 2026 and 27 workforce investment dollars.
It includes the 2.65 million in new awards and um the 584,000 that I mentioned earlier.
Um, and again, this I'll just wrap up with the initial one-year term with up to two year renewals based on performance through 2029.
So when we talk about accountability on regarding performance, the way that we go about this, it is a three-year procurement cycle, but our contracts are yearly so that we can monitor and review uh the performance and if there are opportunities to adjust, or if an organization is not meeting their numbers, we do go back and we have a process where we provide technical support, and if needed, sometimes we do have to do a corrective action plan to make sure that folks are getting back on track to meeting their numbers, and so usually that's last uh resort.
We never want to go there, but we do want to make sure that we are good stewards of these federal dollars, and so we do our due diligence to make sure that there's accountability in this process.
So, with that, I will yield my time.
Excellent.
Um, thank you so much.
Um, we will hear from the public speakers.
Calling in the names that signed up to speak on item number three in no particular order.
You can come up to the podium, state your name before making um your public comment.
Missisado Olabala, Tiffany Lascato, Sarah Akin, Yolanda Bronson Davis, Derek Barbosa, Carla Guerrera, Chris Iglesias, Gabriela Pingaron, Teresa Newsom, Raymond Lankford, and Richard Delagrani.
Sorry if I butchered any names.
Excellent.
Please come on up.
Okay.
Good afternoon, members of the committee.
My name is Tiffany Rose Napati Loxado.
I'm the chief program officer at the Unity Council, Oakland Rays and resident of D6.
On January 16th, the Unity Council submitted three proposals through the city's iSupplier portal.
For each proposal, our team uploaded two files as required after loading, uploading and downloading each file from iSupplier to verify the correct documents were in the system.
We did everything right, despite that, OWDB reviewers downloaded our service category one budget package.
ISUpplier delivered a different file.
Our proposal was evaluated on materials we did not submit.
We appealed, OWDB asked contracts to review, and contracts said there were no system errors, but didn't provide any proof.
We are asking the committee to not finalize the adult award while the question is still open.
You will hear from our speakers today on the specifics of the technical error, the unity council's impact on the workforce system, the consequences of being excluded from this process due to a system glitch, and the procurement integrity concerns this raises for every applicant who uses iSupplier.
Thank you very much.
Hello, Council, my name is Sarah Aiken, and I'm with HTA Consulting.
I'm a grant writer, a proposal writer, and I've uh worked with HTA for nearly 15 years submitting proposals to the City of Oakland on behalf of local nonprofits, including the Unity Council for the recent WIOA submission.
I've submitted uh five proposals for the WIOA application on behalf of two separate organizations.
One of those proposal files had this technical issue that Tiffany described.
In submitting proposals on iSupplier, I submit both of the required files and then download them to confirm accuracy.
And I have time stamped file records that show both files for Unity Council's adult adult we OA submission were submitted on time with the correct file name and correct file contents.
This information was submitted through the appeal that Tiffany just described.
I as a member of the community, I would encourage the council to look at the procurement related issues for the submission because the unity council has been delivering the WIOA adult service.
Okay.
For more than 20 years, and it would be a shame for their proposal not to be considered on its merits due to a technical issue with iSupplier.
Again, our submitted documents show that they were submitted on time with the right file names and right file contents.
Thank you.
Good afternoon.
My name is Yolanda Davis.
I'm the workforce director for the Unity Council.
I want to emphasize that our organization risk of losing WIOBA funding is not due support performance, lack of compliance, or failure to serve the community.
This issue stems from a technical glitch.
Can you pause the time?
I'm gonna ask for the first time.
Let's allow everyone in the room to be able to give their public comment.
Okay.
Thank you.
Go.
Okay.
Again, we are not losing our funding due to our poor performance, lack of compliance, or fell in our community simply to a technical glitch during the procurement application.
Unfortunately, these consequences of this issue could have devastating impact on our community.
We serve every day.
Our organization has been a trusted provider in the community.
It has been a hub of the Fruitville district for over 60 years, serving primarily Hispanics, but also underserved population who already face significant barriers to employment, education, language access, economic stability.
We do more than provide services.
We're culturally responsive, trusted relationships.
Our AJCC alone last year sold over 2,0700 individuals.
We provide services in five languages to ensure community members have access to support.
This level of accessibility is critical for the for the reasons mentioned above.
I respectfully ask the board to consider the full picture and of our track record being a service provider in our community and allow for us to resubmit the application.
Thank you.
Before you begin, if you have a speaker card and are looking to speak, that's fine.
Go ahead and line up so that uh we can go ahead and do this in an orderly fashion.
Thank you.
Uh, my name is Derek Barbosa, and I'm a new career services coordinator at the Unity Council.
Um, I was born in Oakland and raised in a fruitville uh district, and I'm working in the headquarters of my life.
Um, being familiar with the area, I have seen firsthand how the services and resources uh provided by our AG AJCC has helped residents in the city and in the community matriculate in numerous capacities.
A lot of people who we serve need these resources, and to deny the residents of our community these essential resources over a technology glitch will cause a major disservice to the thousands of residents who are depending on the resources and services div uh provided at our AJCC.
Oakland is in a better position to thrive as a whole when our residents have access to the numerous uh resources and services that our AJCC provides.
These options residents will be left with without access to our AJCC, we'll have negative impacts on the community in the Frueville, um, multiple ethnicities, and also in the city of Oakland.
Um I thought the plan was always to do what was needed um for Oakland to shine bright as we possibly can, and um I would appreciate it if our request would be heard out so that we can continue to serve the community and continue to help Oakland get better as a city.
Thank you very much.
Good afternoon, um, CED committee members.
My name is Carla Guerra, I am the policy and advocacy senior manager at the Unity Council in District 5, and I'm a resident of district three.
We believe in the values of transparency, accountability, and equity, and we believe that when systems fail, institutions have a responsibility to make it right.
We are here today to raise a procurement integrity concern, and many eyes are on the city of Oakland today, watching how you hold the city and its departments accountable to that process.
Oakland's procurement process must be fair for everyone that participates in them.
And when the city's technology system fails, and there's a glitch, it needs to provide solutions, not barriers.
What happens when technology fails?
How is this community going to respond today and will set a precedent for how the city manages technology and failure concerns and in its procurement systems?
This is not about an RFP, it's about the standard Oakland holds itself to when it comes to systems fails.
And this is just, you know, the WeOA grant is specially designated to serve underserved and priority populations such as Fritville, and that is a population that will be impacted by a technicality.
We submitted a public records act request and a file level audit request on April 8th of this year.
That request was due on April 20th.
We requested an extension, and as of today, that request remains unresolved.
We're asking this committee to do the right thing, allow category one to have a due process.
The communities we deserve, the communities we serve deserve uh due process, and that is not optional.
Thank you.
Good afternoon, Madam Chair, Council members, I'm Chrissy Glesius, the CEO of Unity Council.
Um, it's wonderful to be in your beautiful home here today.
Um, so I just want to give a shout out to the city staff for run running a wonderful process, timely process.
Um, and we wholeheartedly agree with the whole process, at least 99% of it, right?
We I think we think it was very well done.
Everybody had a chance to compete.
Um, but we are uh concerned about just one percent of the process, and that is the glitch with um iSupplier.
And again, I think it this is more much more of a technical issue that should have and could have been resolved before this meeting, and we were really hoping that would happen.
Um, but we understand that we have to go through the process, so we're here today with the team and our and some of our partners.
Um honestly, in my opinion, um, we think I think you should have just extended this contract until January 20th, 2029, which is the end of the current Trump administration.
We are under fire, we are a large federal contractor.
We are already dealing with a lot of issues like constantly um with our existing federal grants.
So that you guys are we're all partners together here in Oakland.
So we just want to find a common ground here.
We know it's there.
Um you have wonderful leadership with uh Ms.
Sophia Navarro and her team.
But again, we just we're hoping we find some kind of resolution in this.
So thank you.
Good afternoon, committee members.
Uh, I'm Richard Dehowergy.
I'm the uh chief operating officer at the Oakland Private Industry Council.
We were one of the fortunate awardees, and we thank both Sophia and her staff and the Oakland Workforce Development Board and this committee for that award and the recommendation.
One of the things that I've heard so far about this particular RFP was everyone concedes that the process itself was unfair, but there was a glitch of some kind.
Well, you know, I certainly sympathize with the Unity Council and their uh concerns.
However, there are nine other awardees here who are hanging fire.
We are getting very late in the time when our new fiscal years to begin.
Services are going to be interrupted if we are not able to move forward on July 1.
You can move forward without a contract, you can't move forward without an award.
So these awards are all being held up.
So if there's a way to work this out, this problem, it should be called out, and the rest of the award should move forward because there's no objection to the rest of the process.
And I again want to compliment Sophia and her staff on running a very fair and well-run RFP.
Thank you.
Good afternoon, Madam Chair, to other distinguished members of the council, um, want to acknowledge the great work of the Oakland Workforce Development Board.
I am Pastor Lankford, I'm the CEO of the Oakland Private Industry Council.
I'm a resident of Oakland.
I recently moved from West Oakland to North Oakland, but I love you both.
But I'm I'm here because this is a very delicate moment and situation.
I first do want to acknowledge that the Unity Council is a very strong long-term partner of the Oakland Private Industry Council.
Um I want to acknowledge that the problems with iSupplier is certainly beyond the control of the Oakland Workforce Development Board.
Um when you think of work and and training and Oakland, the Oakland Workforce Development Board is one of the leading agencies in this city and their ability to work with very diverse, aggressive, assertive, supportive, leading agencies.
We appreciate their leadership.
However, there are many other grantees that rely on this award for the work to go forward, and we encourage this council to allow those other awardees to be worked out while the issue between the central um issue is addressed.
But again, I want to thank all of you for the leadership.
Brown, I really respect your work, and I'm gonna try harder to do better.
This history with the Spanish-speaking Unity Council of Alameda County was brought to my attention in 2016 when a member of the Foodvale command community showed me evidence that the Spanish speaking unity council had misuse money under the umbrella that they were a part of NeighborWorks America.
They misused $500,000 for Neighbor Works America for maintenance and operation of their organization.
They came to you, the city of Oakland, and you gave them $500,000 to replace to pay back from a project that they were supposed to be having to do with senior housing, I think.
Then after that, you continue to on a regular basis, ignoring what they had done to give them money year after year after year, they get money with no accountability.
Another project they had with Wells Fargo was to help with the issue of redlining.
They would create with Wells Fargo first-time ownership.
They gave it those ownership potentials.
Very few went to African.
Thank you for your comments, Miss Olavala.
Calling the name that's signed up.
Chair, all names have been called at this time.
Excellent.
Thank you so much to the public speakers.
Um I do have some questions for Sofia in team.
Um, but I see your hand, uh, council member Fife if you wanted to start us off.
I just wanted I I just had two questions.
So through the chair, um to DC Navarro.
Number one, can you just give a little moreity on this new function of the business?
Uh what is the connector, what is it called?
Intermediary.
Yeah, the intermediate.
What is that walk me through how I as a member of the public would participate with that body?
So this function would be mostly focused on engaging with the business community.
And so this entity, which would be the Unity Council who's being recommended to uh recommended for this uh role, would be engaging with and and they actually already have a business uh center, so they this would be expanding upon those efforts essentially, but they would be engaging with the Oakland, the Oakland Chamber, the ethnic chambers represented throughout the city, in addition to engaging with employers, particularly focused on our high growth sectors uh industries, and so they would be doing that outreach, connecting, identifying what are the opportunities that are available within their um their businesses so we can start identifying career pathways for the job seekers.
So essentially they would also be coordinating with the providers that are providing the service, and so as they're making those or creating those relationships, creating you know those opportunities that there's also conversation and a partnership with organizations that are working with the job seekers, and so ideally uh there would be warm handoffs, there to be conversations with these businesses to say, okay, how many positions do you have available at your business?
What are the requirements, you know, to get into X job?
And so as they are gathering that information and building those relationships, they're communicating that with the service providers as well, so that again we are building, if needed, uh, basically roadmap or pathway, sorry, into these opportunities that are available through Oakland businesses in the city.
So, how is that different than the one stops?
So the one stops also do some of that work.
So the the one thing that we had not so our um one-stop career centers do also have that function, but it's not coordinated.
Um, so yes, they do individually reach out to uh employers and have those relationships, and there are um times when on a monthly or maybe even quarterly basis they come together, but we haven't had it be an intentional approach to really have and and a holistic coordinated approach to really reach out to all the businesses and really leverage city resources, city partnerships, and really leverage the workforce system as a whole to bring everybody together.
So this would allow for there to be a point function and an entity that's coordinating those services.
So it would enhance the current workforce system right now as we have it so right now it's very limited and across the organizations that do provide this function there's like one staff person but this would allow for more resources and more dedicated and again coordinated approach to really engaging the business um in this process.
And so on that based on what I'm hearing from the public speakers today the unity council will have that particular contract but not their other service provider contracts correct currently uh the recommendations have the unity council um getting two of the three um categories so it would be the um business intermediary which is again new new effort uh and youth um allocation not the adults um they're not being recommended for the adult category and what steps were taken to confirm whether or not there was an eye supplier issue I I did read that um the director of EWD spoke to that issue but can you tell us what was done to investigate the claims that are being made so through the charity council um member oh my god five sorry I was gonna say that's not my mind so here um what happened is when we went to when we received and did the funding recommendations went to our board at that point it was um identified and you know the unity council through that presentation was notified um there was also an expression to share that you know there is an appeal process the unity council did provide an appeal that came to the workforce board email our general email uh the board then forwarded that appeal to contracts and purchasing and then they went through their process of investigating the the appeal that was submitted is that complete so that is complete um so when we received a response so once we submitted that appeal to contracts and purchasing they did their investigation uh then they provided us a response um a determination of that appeal that appeal was then communicated to the unity council oh but it wasn't it but it is complete was it communicated to the council the city council city committee so it was um that appeal yes I mean that was uh in part of the report as far as the um I see that a final determination concluded that there were no adverse events in eye supplier at the time of submission and user error is that what you're correct yeah so that process and that that determination was complete and was communicated and then um we went back to our workforce board to share the determination of that because part of their recommendation for us to move forward was to they approved the recommendation but were also telling us that if this appeal did um come back as sustained that we would have to go back to that process but if it did not that we would be able to move forward and bring up here to CED for recommendation and go.
Thank you.
Excellent thank you so much Councilmember Fife for the questions.
I also had a handful as well um first off I do want to thank um staff our city staff for uh just the their due diligence um in the process and the work we heard from the public speakers saying that you know 99% of the process um they are happy with and I think that that is that's much to be applauded right um so um really appreciate the the hard work there um I do want to uplift you know I have a really good understanding of like the WIOA contracting and in this work because I had the opportunity uh once I graduated from undergrad to actually work at one of the career centers to know and understand um some of the work um and so as I'm looking at the various allocations it's my understanding that this first category category one uh actually makes up most of let me know if I'm wrong um I believe it makes up the bulk of the work of services to the community because that I guess like by the definition of workforce innovation, you have the opportunity to provide services to uh dislocated workers.
I think also under that category could be like formally incarcerated, right?
Like I think that there are a handful of definitions, right um and then um can you walk me through um because I guess the the thing that I'm looking at is um you know the the city of Oakland um you know, we have our various districts, and just wanting to make sure that we are actually providing services across the city of Oakland.
And so when we're looking at this like allocation, I know that historical precedent is that both Oakland Pick, Lau Family and the Unity Council, I guess in the past, were the providers of this particular category, but can you share with me how many how many applicants did we actually have, and then maybe some details about the the scoring and and how the various entities were scored.
So I'm gonna hand that over to Anurada Lindsay to answer.
Hello, good afternoon, Honorada Lindsay, acting executive director of Good Workforce Development Board.
I did spend a lot of time through the um the RFP process and can kind of help explain some of the proposal scoring.
And so there was a two-part evaluation during the scoring process.
One was a compliance review.
Oh, I'm sorry, five different categories, and then in addition to that, there's a qualitative review where we actually assign points after we did the compliance review.
So the compliance review was primarily done by contract staff and then city staff to ensure that they met all the requirements the initial requirements of the RFP, and the qualitative review was the evaluation criteria.
That I'm not sure if I'm so sorry, looking through my documents here.
If that information was listed here on the report, but I do believe it was um those evaluation criteria were around responsibility and responsive, program design, approach and methodology, methodology qualifications, and experience, and reasonableness of cost proposal.
Um so our raiders reviewed uh criteria as A3D, and then um when it came to the reasonableness of cost per uh proposal, that is uh where workforce staff had reviewed uh to arrive at the combined final scores for each of the providers, and so um each proposal in each category was evaluated separately amongst raiders and reviewers, and so no raider and reviewer were um reviewing, they were they're all reviewing you know the the single category um and um so among that our first uh scoring criteria once we got back the scores was um who received the highest score, and then once we evaluated who received the highest score, we then evaluated okay, are we serving the geographic location that we intended to serve?
Um, and then so we took all of those items into consideration.
We took into consideration performance history, um administrative capacity, um, and you know, in addition to to some other things, and that's how we came up with our score.
Um, and unfortunately for Unity Council, absent of a budget, we were not able to evaluate that piece, and is why they scored where they did score.
Um, you know, Unity is a great organization in previous years.
We did have them.
They're uh in in our um workforce network.
They are still going to be a part of our workforce network through this really exciting opportunity as the business intermediary.
Um we are providing a transition year for current uh service providers, including Unity Council, so there is no disruption in services.
Um, that is part of the recommendation today.
Um so for this next year, we do plan on doing a soft handoff and transitioning our current service providers into our new uh system that's presented here.
Excellent.
I appreciate that answer.
Um, but my question was so just uh to follow up, uh, you had asked um chair, what were the nine um applicate applicants?
So we received nine applications for the adult category, and just to name those, the Oakland Private Industry Council, and their category, again, adult, but for downtown services and the amount of 385,000, their final score was 94.8.
Again, Oakland Private Industry Council submitted a second one as well, and that was for the West Oakland services for the amount of 385,000.
That application was 85, was scored at 85.
Lau Family Community Development submitted an application, they submitted two, one for Central Service Central Oakland services, proposed budget amount 385,000.
Their final score was 83.
Their second application to cover East Oakland again, a budget amount that they put in was 385,000.
Their final score for that application was 80.7.
The fifth organization, Roots Community Health Center.
They didn't put a category, but they're in the East Oakland area.
Proposed budget amount for 385,000.
The Spanish speaking unity council.
And again, just to note the uh the application that we had received did not have a complete document, did not include the budget, so therefore their score, with the information that we had at that time, which was before the appeal, was 79.
The International Rescue Committee Inc., the seventh applicant, for a proposed budget of 385, their final score 78.2.
Also adult designated worker services, they're located here in the closer to the downtown area.
Um their proposed budget was 114,410.
Their final score was 61.7, and then finally the Oakland Career Training Depot.
Um, their proposed budget was 384,995, and their final score was 45.0.
Excellent.
Um, thank you so much for providing that that that input.
I uh one thing that I noticed in the report was that this go around of WIO of funding, there was a 1.4 in like million dollar increase.
Um, did we consider um actually like expanding the services to more providers across the city versus what we've historically done?
I'm just curious.
So that 1.4 million increase, that was to the current year's allocation, our 2526 allocation.
It's being recommended today to extend current service provider contracts.
That's what that 1.4 million is being used for.
It is the one-time funding.
Yeah, and through the chair, that is the again to support the transition period.
I see just for stability purposes.
Okay, well, thank you so much for the input.
Um, I do think it's interesting that in the scoring, the unity council only kind of without producing the one document, it was only one point shy.
And then we also I think it's interesting that I guess Roots Community Health that would be a new provider to the services that they weren't considered.
It's not that they were not considered.
They I you know, we are considering um all of these providers based on the scoring, but it is very difficult, right?
Because they are so close and there only is a limited amount of funding for next year.
So this past year, um, I believe our budget to our service providers was around 3.3 million, and um for next year, based on estimates from where what we're getting.
So we haven't received our um we all allocation from the state yet, but the estimates that are coming from the feds is that they're gonna be a really large reduction for adult and dislocated worker funding.
Um, and so the way that we reorganized our system was be able to maintain services across the state, um, and you know, within the um allocations that we've been given by the state.
Um, and so you know, taking a look at the scores, uh, where Lau did come in is that they have been in East Oakland for over a decade providing services.
Um, in addition to that, they have um, you know, uh really great performance within the Wii OS system, they have strong administrative controls around the funding, and so all of those items were taken into consideration where you know Roots is coming in as a new organization.
They don't quite have the history with LIOA.
Um, and you know, administratively they're not uh quite according to the um the notes, um, you know, they're not quite set up yet administratively to support the full function of WIOA, um, and ultimately, you know, based on ranking, we uh were only able to fund for and uh scored and um recommended the top four um applications.
Thank you.
All right.
Thank you so much.
Um, so um colleagues, when we look at these contract amounts, I think it's important that we recognize the rob the responsibility and opportunity that they represent, especially with various community stake stakeholders, um and just ensuring that there is um that our community members are actually um you know they're comfortable and they have the trust of those who are providing the services as well as just old um overall cultural competency because we know that these community members are going to submit um going to receive services, whether it's like new uh career training, resume writing, career navigation, um multiple services that can be provided.
Um we also know and understand that there are concerns with iSupplier and access uh and transparency and accountability in the city's procurement services, and so I am interested if you have a look at the document in our uh reports page four um table one, you'll find that there are categories one through four, and so um I am interested at this time uh in making a motion to adopt staff re recommendation to categories two through four and then have staff return um with uh different allocation for category one and that to come back uh to CED by June the 23rd.
Uh Councilmember Ramachandran.
Oh, it's the second.
Thank you, Councilmember Fife.
What impact um Chair Brown would that have on the other service providers' um budget allocations?
Yes, um, and so uh Sophia, are you interested in answering that?
Um, but I believe that our goal in I I believe that the the goal is making sure that these are complete by July 1, right?
Is that our so through the chair to Council Member Fife's question as far as the impact?
So if I understand the ask correctly, um the ask is to pull category one and re-evaluate.
Reallocate.
Reallocate.
So then that would mean that we would need to um figure out how we'd have to have conversations with the providers that were currently recommended because those amounts would then likely need to decrease in order to be able to consider the other two I'm sure roots and the unity council.
Yeah, the top.
The the top, the top five, sorry, I didn't have the list.
Um the top six applications.
Um so we would definitely those amounts for that are currently being provided as recommend recommendations would need to decrease in order to be able to provide support to uh Roots Community Health Center and the Spanish speaking unity council.
So we would have to go back and have those conversations, um, renegotiate essentially and then uh adjust scope of works conversations that we need to have, right?
So that will be limited.
That would change, I'm assuming the plans and um for OPIC and Lao family that they previously had.
So and that would also um
Discussion Breakdown
Summary
Oakland City Council Meeting - May 19, 2026
The Oakland City Council met on May 19, 2026, with six members present (Councilmembers Brown, Guile, Ramachandran, Unger, Wong, and Chair President Jenkins) and two excused (Fife and Houston). The meeting covered several non-consent items, the consent calendar, and public comments. Key actions included the renaming of a plaza, approval of a temporary retired annuitant position, borrowing for cash flow, and approval of the consent calendar with amendments.
Consent Calendar
- Items 6.1 (approval of draft minutes from May 5, 2026), 6.2 (local emergency due to AIDS epidemic), 6.3 (renewal of medical cannabis health emergency), 6.4 (local emergency due to homelessness), 6.5 (easement at 260 Oak Street, continued to June 2), 6.6 (floodplain ordinance adopted as emergency ordinance with amendments), 6.7-6.33 (various resolutions on state legislation, grant approvals, commemorative street renaming for Gary Payton, illegal dumping expenditure plan, and others). Councilmember Brown expressed support for items on illegal dumping, affordable housing, and state legislation. Councilmember Houston spoke about the 85th Avenue tragedy and the need for stronger illegal dumping enforcement. Councilmember Wong called for dedicated police resources for illegal dumping. The consent calendar was approved 7-0 as amended.
Public Comments & Testimony
- Item 5.1 (More Hope Plaza): Multiple speakers (Ms. Olavala, Jean Hazard, Isaac Cos Reed) spoke in favor of renaming the plaza, honoring Peggy Moore and Hope Wood for their advocacy and community work.
- Item 5.2 (Retired Annuitant): One public speaker (Mr. Sada Olabala) opposed, citing contamination concerns at the Oakland Army base and criticizing the development.
- Item 5.3 (Tax Notes): One public speaker (Ms. Ola) questioned the repayment source, specifically whether Measure E funds would be used, and raised concerns about consequences of non-repayment.
- Consent Calendar: Several speakers spoke on specific items: Nima (in support of Gary Payton street renaming), Cecilia W. and Renee Hayes (supporting Affordable Housing Month), Jesse Williams (supporting affordable housing), EBALDC representative (thanking council), John Jones III (supporting Gary Payton rename and noting 20% reduction in homelessness), and Dwayne Nelson (opposing illegal dumping expenditure plan, citing lack of KPIs). Isaac Hazard raised objections to the legality of the May 5 meeting procedures.
- Open Forum: Multiple speakers addressed lead exposure (Silvia Guzmán, Cynthia Rodriguez, others from La Clinica), urging use of lead settlement funds for proactive rental inspections. Crystal Harding (All Children Thrive) supported the same. Gregory Slaughter urged council to work together on Oakland Station and City Towers issues. Tomasa Bird complained about lack of bathroom bars in her apartment.
Discussion Items
- Item 5.1 - More Hope Plaza: Councilmembers Brown and Wong presented the resolution, sharing personal stories and a video of Peggy Moore. Councilmembers Houston and Ramachandran also spoke in support. The resolution passed unanimously with 7 ayes.
- Item 5.2 - Retired Annuitant for Army Base: Staff explained the need to retain John Manette for continuity on the Army base project (Costco, environmental compliance, grant obligations). Councilmembers expressed appreciation. Passed 7-0.
- Item 5.3 - Tax Revenue Anticipation Notes: Staff presented the borrowing of up to $200 million for cash flow needs and CalPERS prepayment. Councilmember Guile asked about the annual practice and repayment timeline. Passed 7-0 on first reading.
- Consent Calendar Discussion: Councilmember Houston highlighted the need for data collection on illegal dumping and prosecution; Councilmember Guile suggested allowing residents to dump free at waste management (like San Leandro). Councilmember Wong advocated for an OPD officer dedicated to illegal dumping.
Key Outcomes
- Item 5.1: Resolution "More Hope Plaza" renaming approved (7-0).
- Item 5.2: Resolution authorizing retired annuitant appointment (John Manette) approved (7-0).
- Item 5.3: Ordinance for tax revenue anticipation notes (up to $200M) approved on first reading (7-0).
- Consent Calendar: Approved as amended (item 6.5 continued to June 2, item 6.6 as emergency ordinance) (7-0).
- Adjournments: The Council adjourned in memory of victims of the 85th Avenue tragedy, Wilson Rowles Jr., Christopher Buckley, and Edam May Johnson.
Meeting Transcript
... Good afternoon, and welcome to this council meeting. It is Tuesday, May 19th. And this meeting shall come to order. Before I call roll, I would like to give instructions on how to submit a speaker card for items on this agenda. If you are here in person, participating and would like to submit a speaker card, you must fill out a speaker card on the table in the middle of the room and turn it into a clerk representative across from the table, either before the item is read into record or two minutes, two hours after this meeting began that would make that time at 5.33 or submitting um online speaker cards. They were due 24 hours before this meeting began so though are no longer accepted but again if you are wanting to submit a speaker card for an item on this agenda please fill out a card and turn it into a clerk representative either before the item is called into record or two hours after this it this meeting began whichever comes first with that, I will now call roll on roll for this meeting. Council member brown. Present. Councilmember Fife. Excused. Excuse Councilmember Guile. Councilmember Guile. Present. Thank you. Councilmember Houston. Excuse. Okay. Councilmember Ramachandran. Present. Councilmember. Excuse me. Unger. My apologies. Present. Thank you. Councilmember Wong. Present. And Chair, Council President Jenkins. Present. We have six move are present. Two two excused. I will now go to our first item, item number three, modifications to the agenda. Any modifications to agenda? CNN. Or is there anything from the administration for modifications to the agenda? Thank you for that. I will now go to our um we have no uh item four, we have no uh public hearings at this time, so we will go to item five, which are non-consent items, starting with item 5.1. I will read this item into record. It is a resolution commemoratively renaming the plaza, a public right-of-way at the Oakland LGBT Community Center as More Hope Plaza. I do have three speakers for this item. Thank you. Councilmember Brown. Excellent. Um, so I'll go ahead and uh speak first and then turn it over to Councilmember Wong. Um, so um I am beyond uh honored and humbled to be a part of the renaming of the plaza near the Oakland LGBTQ Cultural Center in the heart of the cultural district. More Hope Plaza. This renaming honors the lives and legacy of Peggy Moore and Hope Wood. These two women were trailblazers in the Bay Area through their passion for social justice, advocacy, and community organizing. Tragically, they were killed in a car accident May 2024, leaving behind uh just a huge loss here in Oakland and beyond.