OPENPUBLICA · PUBLIC MEETING RECORD
Record of Proceedings

Washoe County District Board of Health Meeting - June 25, 2026

Meeting PortalThursday, June 25, 2026
BodyWashoe County, Nevada
SessionMeeting Portal
DateThursday, June 25, 2026
StatusFILED
Video Record
0:00 / 53:10
Transcript — Verbatim
0:02

Like to call this meeting to order of the uh recording in progress.

0:08

Good afternoon.

0:10

Like to call the meeting to order of the district board of health on Thursday, June 25th of 2026 at 1 p.m.

0:20

Like to call a roll call, please at this time.

0:26

Vice Chair Andreola.

0:28

Present.

0:29

Board Member Driscoll.

0:31

Here.

0:31

Board Member Anderson.

0:33

Oh, is absent.

0:35

Board Member Brown.

0:36

Here.

0:37

Dr.

0:38

Denko.

0:39

Here.

0:40

Dr.

0:41

Tuarte?

0:42

Here.

0:44

Um Chair Reese is absent.

0:49

Um, but we do have a quorum.

0:51

Thank you so much.

0:53

If we could, Mr.

0:54

Duplantis, would you lead us in the pledge, please?

1:09

One nation.

1:10

Under the individual with the hand just for all.

1:20

Thank you.

1:20

We'll move now to public comment.

1:27

Comments heard under this item will be limited to three minutes per person and may pertain to matters both on and off the board agenda.

1:34

A news time may not be allocated to other speakers.

1:37

The board may also hear public comment under individual action action items with comment limited to three minutes per person.

1:44

Comments are to be made to the board as a whole, and virtual public comment may be taken when facilities are available.

1:50

Um we did not receive any requests for public comment in person or um online.

1:57

Thank you.

1:58

We'll go ahead then and close item three, move to item four approval of the agenda.

2:04

I'll entertain a motion.

2:07

We have a motion by member Driscoll, um, a second by Mr.

2:12

Brown.

2:14

Any uh further discussion?

2:16

Hearing none, all those in favor signify by saying aye.

2:19

Aye.

2:20

Any opposed?

2:22

Motion carries unanimously.

2:23

Thank you so much.

2:24

We'll move now, or I guess it's on your screen too.

2:28

We'll confirm it with.

2:31

All right.

2:32

We'll move now to item five recognition.

2:35

Ms.

2:35

Dixon.

2:37

Wonderful.

2:39

Good afternoon.

2:42

Um I have the honor of acknowledging two recent retirements.

2:47

Um, and so I would like to start with uh many thanks to Miss Cindy Hawks.

2:51

She for her 26 years of service.

2:53

She has provided invaluable support to our entire disease investigation team, particularly in the areas of hepatitis, animal bites, respiratory disease, just to name a few.

3:05

And then with a few more years, we have Ms.

3:08

Sunita Monga with 30 years of service with our WIC team.

3:12

She is a registered dietitian who had significant impact on the lives of pregnant women and young children in our community.

3:18

In addition to running a WIC clinic, she provided services primarily to high-risk clients, including medically fragile newborns, and we are grateful that both of them had the opportunity to work here at NNPH, and we wish them the best.

3:30

And then for health heroes, um, Ms.

3:32

Frenchie Rubios.

3:40

Hello, um, for the record, uh, Francesca Rubio from EHS.

3:45

Um, in the month of May, we had 10 health hero wardees, um, each being recognized for going above and beyond their normal job duties, demonstrating teamwork and commitment to serving our community.

3:58

Um, the first one we have Felisa Hilliard from ODHO, Rick Hill Grafton from PhD, Kelsey Zazaski from PHD, um, April Miller from PHD, Stephen Shipman from PHD, Anastasia Ganawan from PhD, Andrea Esp from PhD, Brandon Koyama from AQM, Candice Brown from AQM, and Steve Fisher from AHS.

4:26

Thank you to all our May Health Heroes for the positive impact you make every day.

4:30

Thank you.

4:30

Thank you.

4:33

Anything else, Ms.

4:34

Dixon?

4:35

Thank you.

4:35

Well, congratulations to everyone, but that's a lot of institutional knowledge.

4:41

It's a lot.

4:42

So I hope they've uh shared as much as they possibly can and they're not moving in case someone has to talk to them.

4:50

All right, thank you so much.

4:51

Congratulations to everyone.

4:53

Um we'll move now to item six.

4:55

It's a consent uh item agenda.

4:58

It's 6A through 6G.

5:00

If anyone has anything they'd like to pull or any additional information.

5:04

If not, I'll entertain a motion at this time.

5:09

Okay.

5:10

Do we have a second?

5:11

Second.

5:12

Um, do we need a public comment on this?

5:16

The agenda is set up for public comment at the beginning and the end.

5:20

Okay.

5:24

Well, just for sake of following through with that recommendation, at least for consideration.

5:30

Do we have any public comment?

5:32

We do not.

5:33

All right, we have a motion by member Driscoll, a second by member Brown.

5:37

Any further discussion?

5:39

Hearing none, all those in favor signify by saying aye.

5:43

Aye.

5:43

Any opposed?

5:45

Motion carries unanimously.

5:47

Thank you very, very much.

5:51

We'll move now to item seven, which is a recommendation to accept the Remsa Health Monthly Franchise Report for May 2026, which include Remsa Health Accounts, receivable summary, compliance by zones, average response times, and more as outlined on the agenda.

6:12

Welcome, Mr.

6:13

Duplantis, and thank you for doing the pledge.

6:15

Appreciate it.

6:16

Thank you.

6:17

It's been my pleasure.

6:18

My name is Barry Duplantis, Chief Executive Officer and President of RemSA for the record.

6:25

For my report today, I'd like to provide you with an update of REMSA's ground franchise performance.

6:32

I understand you've been provided with a copy of Remsa Health's May 2026 report.

6:38

In May, we responded to 8,945 EMS calls.

6:45

That's an all-time high.

6:48

So I just want to accentuate a topic that we've we've mentioned a bit before, and it's that our community continues to grow.

6:58

And fortunately, our systems are designed to grow with it and provide the community with the coverage that it needs.

7:05

We transported 5,813 patients to area hospitals.

7:10

Our average response times for priority one calls were in the area of Reno, five minutes and 32 seconds on average.

7:18

Sparks, six minutes, 12 seconds on average.

7:21

And Washoe County, eight minutes 27 seconds on average.

7:29

Our average response times in the case of City of Reno, seven minutes and five seconds.

7:35

Sparks, seven minutes 48 seconds.

7:38

Washoe County, nine minutes 35 seconds.

7:41

With response to our responses, we are fully compliant with all of the franchise terms and conditions with regard to priority one calls.

7:52

We give significant attention to the quickness of our responses, which is very, very important to the community.

7:58

But there's a point that I actually want to highlight, uh, which I think is very special and says a lot about our community, and is that care begins when the person dials 911 because that is the precious part of which initiates a timely response to someone in need.

8:20

Our community is very good at picking up the phone and doing their part.

8:26

And in coordination with our dispatch center, we start providing care with that person who has dialed 911.

8:35

So I bring that up because that's just the person who makes the call is where care begins.

8:42

And that is something that I think is precious in this day and age where folks like to pretend they didn't see anything.

8:50

And the fact that people engage and care for one another, because really when you start looking at uh emergency health care, it's it's folks caring for people.

9:00

I mean, that's the common denominator there.

9:04

With regard to fire dispatch with the Trucking Meadows Fire Protection District, I'm proud and excited to tell you today that Remsa and Truckee Meadows Fire Protection District agree to a one-year extension for REMSA to continue to provide uh fire dispatch for um Truckey Meadows Fire Protection District.

9:25

The other thing I will comment on that is that Chief Edwards and I have already met because here we are, in the middle of fire season once again, and it's very critical that we work together uh to make sure that our agencies are supporting each other because we just don't know what it's going to look like, but we do know it's been a dry year and there's been a propensity from fires from lightning strikes, etc.

9:49

Similarly, yesterday I met with the City of Reno uh assistant city manager, the fire chief, and union representatives to talk about coordination and opportunities for response improvement.

10:02

Fiscal status of REMSA.

10:04

RemSA, as I've mentioned before, is a 501c3 not-for-profit organization and only charges when patients are transported to area hospitals.

10:15

That said, we certainly take a very keen fiscal approach to what we do.

10:21

And in the spirit of the community growing, as I just told you about the record number of responses, we have ambulances ordered for the next year and a half.

10:30

So I just want you to know as stewards of the community that we are ordering equipment well in advance of the day of need, because as you know from all of the things that you're involved in, you just don't pick up the phone and say I need an ambulance tomorrow or a fire truck tomorrow or a police car tomorrow and have it at your disposal.

10:51

Lead time is long.

10:53

So we've got orders extending out now to a year and a half, and we're actually looking at extending that because there's no doubt that our community is growing very strong.

11:05

With regard to our customer survey results, and I wish Dr.

11:09

John Novak were here to participate in this discussion quite candidly, because he always asked me about uh our uh patient care uh surveys.

11:17

In the month of May, our number was 94.41.

11:21

Um, our highest score was the degree for which the medics took your problem seriously.

11:26

The one thing I will share with you is that we've for you for years uh we've been frustrated with the lack of number of people that participate in the survey.

11:36

I mean, for example, out of the 5,000 responses we do, we get like maybe 131.

11:41

That's like maybe one percent.

11:43

It's very small.

11:44

Moving forward, however, I'm very pleased to tell you that we've worked with the district health officer and and his office, and we have a new EMS survey company that we are bringing on board, one for which will provide the District Board of Health with real-time complete transparency into the results.

12:06

And essentially, what the way that this is going to work is that each of the person people that we uh transport are going to receive a phone call from the uh the EMS survey uh folks within 10 days of the service being provided uh to get their overall patient satisfaction uh response.

12:23

Uh so the feedback is going to be real time.

12:26

Um District Board of Health is going to have uh complete clarity in real time, transparency in terms of uh what the responses are.

12:35

And I I will also say that the service that we have selected, the Baldridge Company is a is a company that is used uh by many other world-class EMS agencies around the nation, such as the Richmond Ambulance Authority, uh EMS in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and Sunstar Paramedics in the Pinellas County, that's the Tampa uh region.

12:58

And they're all very pleased with the service.

13:00

So I'm hoping that we will see uh similar results and and have more be able to capture more uh uh customer feedback.

13:10

Next, with regard to fire regionalization, just to bring you up to speed, because I don't know, you know, exactly you know where where your current knowledge is on that.

13:19

The next activity that's going to take place is a workshop scheduled for July the 21st.

13:24

And while RemSA is not a contract party to the regionalization study, RemSA has been very amenable and participatory in providing any and all information that has been asked of us to support the regionalization effort.

13:38

So July the 21st will be the next meeting uh of the contract parties, and we're like I candidly tell you I will be there to participate and support the effort.

13:50

Lastly, meet and confer.

13:52

We have completed our meetings with regard to meet and confer.

13:55

I think we had about 19 items that were on the uh on the uh list of items to uh to consider.

14:03

Uh and I believe that that item is going to be uh presented for discussion at the next uh district board of health meeting.

14:11

Um said those things, uh I'm happy to answer any and all questions uh that you may have with regard to my report today.

14:20

Thank you.

14:21

Does anyone have any questions?

14:23

Dr.

14:24

Danko, I'll go to you first.

14:25

Do you have any questions?

14:32

No questions for me.

14:33

Thank you so much.

14:34

Thank you.

14:34

Anybody here on the floor well, thank you so much.

14:42

All right, we're gonna go ahead and close item seven, move to item eight presentation and recommendation to accept the Washoe County, Nevada Air Quality Trends Report.

14:51

Yes.

14:55

Oh, yes, I'll accept the report and presented.

14:58

Well, look at that.

15:00

That was a test.

15:01

You guys all passed.

15:03

So we have a motion.

15:05

Who made the motion?

15:06

Motion by member Brown, second by member Driscoll.

15:09

Any further discussion?

15:10

All those in favor signify by saying aye.

15:13

Aye.

15:14

Any opposed?

15:15

Motion carries unanimously.

15:16

This is what happens when you write notes on top of for possible action.

15:20

Just so you know, if you saw my paper, there's all over.

15:24

Thank you.

15:25

All right.

15:26

We're going to now close item seven officially and move to item eight presentation and recommendation to accept the Washoe County Nevada.

15:34

Air quality trends report for 2016 through 2025.

15:43

Cool.

15:44

All right.

15:44

Uh good afternoon, Chairman, member of the members of the board.

15:48

Um, my name is Ben McMullen, Air Quality Specialist with NPH Air Quality Management Division here to present the 2016 to 2025 Washoe County Air Quality Trends Report.

16:00

There's a clicker right here.

16:02

I'm like looking for it.

16:03

No, you're good.

16:05

Okay.

16:05

Um so to provide some background to the report, uh, we must understand what our air quality data is compared to.

16:11

Clean Air Act requires the USCPA to establish the national ambient air quality standards.

16:17

These six pollutants are ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and lead.

16:26

Uh AQMD monitors five of those six every hour of every day.

16:32

These pollutants were chosen by US EPA due to their documented risk to public health and environmental health.

16:40

The annual air quality trends report has been published every year since 1989 and is formally a requirement of AQMD's federally approved quality assurance project plan.

16:53

The report summarizes ambient air quality data for the past year and for the last 10 years in Washoe County.

17:02

So there's uh air quality index monthly summary for 2025, and in 2025, AQMD recorded a total of two days at unhealthy for sensitive groups AQI or higher.

17:14

Uh both of those days were attributed to ground level ozone pollution in the summer months.

17:21

And on July 10th, 2025, uh smoke from the green fire contributed to the unhealthy for sensitive groups AQI recorded on the same day.

17:33

And here's a 10-year AQI trend in Washoe County.

17:37

Um the 10-year AQI trend for Washoe County details significant variability from year to year due to significant wildfire impacts in 2018, 2020, 2021, and 2022.

17:50

The area's historically poor air quality in the winter time continues to improve as our rules require old wood-burning devices to be replaced with more efficient new devices.

18:01

This shifts our air quality concerns to the summertime.

18:04

In the summertime, we can we continue to see uncontrollable pollutant emissions from wildfires in the west, but also experience unhealthy ground level ozone pollution.

18:15

Ground level ozone is formed when oxides of nitrogen, volatile organic compounds, sunlight, and heat react.

18:21

These pollutants are commonly emitted by sources such as motor vehicles, industrial facilities, chemical solvents like paints and oils, and gasoline vapors.

18:31

One of our largest sources of these emissions comes from motor vehicles.

18:36

Small voluntary actions can be taken to reduce these emissions, including supporting electric vehicle adoption, reducing vehicle miles traveled, planning development to include urban heat island mitigation, and reducing energy consumption.

18:53

Going further on that, reducing ground level ozone is critical in the area.

18:57

The ozone NACs may be revised in the coming years in a range from 60 to 70 parts per billion.

19:04

If strengthened, it may lead to a non-attainment area in for ozone in Washoe County.

19:09

A non-attainment decision by the US EPA leads to restrictions on local industry, local development, and the general public.

19:16

Future development for the area should consider voluntary measures to reduce ground level ozone, like road diets, transportation oriented development, promoting active transportation options, promoting public transportation, and promoting carpooling to reduce vehicle miles traveled.

19:33

It's important to note that any increase in capacity on our roadways will induce further growth and increase traffic in the long run.

19:41

Vehicle miles traveled and traffic are reduced in the long run by reducing vehicle capacity and promoting alternative train forms of transportation.

19:53

So takeaways from the trends report um are that our air quality concerns continue to shift from winter time to the summertime.

20:07

And that uh air quality data and the air quality trends report are valuable resources when it comes to air quality planning decisions.

20:16

And with that, open it up to any questions, comments.

20:21

Thank you for your overview, Mr.

20:22

McMullen.

20:23

Sure.

20:24

Does anybody have any questions?

20:25

Mr.

20:26

Disco.

20:27

Thank you.

20:27

Thanks for the presentation.

20:29

Yeah.

20:29

Question on the monitoring stations.

20:32

We're continuing to expand on our population base within the various valleys that we currently look at.

20:39

Are we going to need to expand our monitoring?

20:43

So currently we meet EPA's requirements for monitoring, but uh we did just open up a monitoring station in Verde that uh monitors for particulate matter ozone and all uh meteorological parameters.

20:58

Um, but beyond Verdi, we don't have further plans to expand um the monitoring network.

21:04

Um I'm sure you guys know that cost a lot to open Verde, so costs are a concern there.

21:10

Um, but yeah, in the long run, if uh it comes up.

21:16

Thanks.

21:16

I was just trying to plug through my yeah, I like it.

21:20

Any other questions?

21:23

Thank you so much for your presentation.

21:26

And this is uh actionable item.

21:28

So I'll entertain a motion at this time.

21:32

I'll make the motion.

21:32

Nope, second, Rika.

21:34

Dank goes.

21:39

Okay, I couldn't hear.

21:41

Dr.

21:41

Warte made the motion and the second by Dr.

21:44

Dinko.

21:44

So we have a doctor motion and doctor second.

21:49

Any further discussion?

21:50

Hearing none, all those in favor signify by saying aye.

21:54

Aye.

21:55

Any opposition?

21:57

Hearing none, the motion carries unanimously.

21:59

Thank you so much.

22:00

Thanks for your presentation.

22:01

It was great.

22:02

We'll move now to item nine, review discussion and direction to staff regarding the provisions of the inner agreement, um, interlocal agreement entered into by the cities of Reno and Sparks and Washwell County for the creation of the health district.

22:19

So I think we're going to have Miss Reed, please.

22:24

Thank you.

22:28

For the record, as you know, yearly, I've been requested by the health district to introduce this item.

22:36

Section 7C of the interlocal agreement that was originally entered by and between Washoe County Reno and Sparks in 1972 and subsequently amended three times, does require that this board have an opportunity once a year to uh express any requested changes to the interlocal agreement or to confirm the agreement as it currently exists.

23:04

If the board has questions about any provisions or concerns, it may raise them and discuss them at this meeting.

23:12

Then the board can either direct staff to bring any recommendations to the three jurisdictions for their consideration, which has generally occurred at a concurrent meeting, or they can approve the interlocal agreement in its current form and it will move forward in that form until next year.

23:34

Any potential amendments should the board request must be made before October 1st of this year, the interlocal agreement specifically requires that those amendments be made 90 days prior to the agreement's renewal date, which is January 1st, it automatically rolls over from year to year.

23:55

So with that introduction, if the board has any questions or provisions that they would like to discuss among one another or explore, make recommendations to staff, I will open it up.

24:07

Great, thank you.

24:09

Anyone have any yes, Mr.

24:11

Driscoll?

24:13

Question on process.

24:14

Sure.

24:14

We just discussed that if we as a board were doing something that the october time frame is a critical date.

24:22

Yes.

24:22

And then that rolls to another date specific where things would be perfect.

24:28

If there were operational changes in the valley, that one or more of the partners to the ILA brought something forward that needed consideration of this board.

24:41

Is there a way to I know we can have a conversation?

24:46

Right.

24:46

But is there a way that if it was deemed to be important that it could be modified mid or would it have to be a story on training and the regular annual cycling?

25:00

That is a question I have not been asked.

25:01

So in an effort to not stall the agreement specifically provides that the agreement may be amended by mutual consent of the parties not later than 90 days before its annual renewal date.

25:20

So that seems to me to be a pretty strict deadline.

25:24

I think if there were a critical issue that would affect the governance of this board in regards to something that might happen outside of that time frame, we could discuss that.

25:40

But here's what I think.

25:51

This board could probably begin discussing any type of amendment for that applicable year because it still would fall 90 days within that deadline 90 days before.

26:03

So I think it's actually a very large window of time.

26:06

It's probably a very smaller window when arguably there would be a prohibition on doing that for the existing year.

26:14

Does that explanation make sense?

26:16

I'm comfortable that I'm not sure.

26:17

Okay, thank you very much.

26:19

Any other questions?

26:22

This is an actionable item.

26:24

So I'll entertain a motion at this time.

26:28

Okay, we have a motion by member Driscoll.

26:31

Do we have a second by member Brown?

26:33

Any further discussion?

26:34

Hearing none.

26:35

All those in favor signify by saying aye.

26:38

Aye.

26:39

Any opposed?

26:40

Motion carries unanimously.

26:42

Thank you so much.

26:43

We'll move now to item 10 staff reports, and I'll turn it over to Mr.

26:47

Cim maybe to introduce each one.

26:49

Do you mind?

26:50

Absolutely.

26:50

Great problems.

26:51

So the first um division is air quality management with Mr.

26:56

Francisco Vega.

27:04

Thanks, Chair, members of the board for the record, Francisco Vega, director of the air quality management division.

27:10

One of the things that I did put in my report for this month was a response to a question that was uh brought up during last month's uh meeting by uh Dr.

27:19

Dwarte, and essentially it was uh I guess clarification on some of the data regarding ozone that was in the American Lung Association report.

27:28

Specifically, there was a uh a couple uh sets of years in which the data was low.

27:36

Um, and I think in my statement last month, I uh one of the periods is 2009 to 2011.

27:43

I think I uh assumed at that part that it was due to the economic downturn and the kind of recession at that time, and that that was accurate.

27:51

There's actually EPA reports that cited that due to um reduced economic activity, there was a an improvement in air quality.

28:01

Um the other period of time was 20 to uh 2022 to 2024, and uh the information associated with that data was a reduction in wildfires.

28:12

So we saw some of the wildfires from 2020, 2021, and then 2022, that data kind of started to drop off, and so that's why we start to see the the improvements in air quality.

28:24

So that's a little bit of an explanation behind some of those data points.

28:28

Thank you.

28:29

Yeah, of course.

28:30

Um, I also included in my report uh some recent uh legislation uh at the federal level.

28:38

Um within the House of Representatives, there was a legislation passed that is proposing to provide a waiver for um ethanol fuels up to 15% to be approved to uh be used essentially all year round.

28:53

Right now, how that process works is essentially um states and EPA can issue uh short-term waivers, um and it's which is pretty common, and we've seen those already this year, a handful of those waivers, but they only typically last, I think 20 to 20 to 30 days, so they have to continuously issue these 20 to 30 day waivers.

29:13

So with this legislation, essentially it would just allow uh for the sale of E15 or I'm sorry, E85, which is fuel with 15% ethanol uh to be sold year round.

29:25

So that's wanted to update on that because there was some questions from the board as well uh from the previous month.

29:31

So uh at this point, the legislation has only passed the House of Representatives, so it does have to go to uh the Senate and then go to committee and then go to the president.

29:42

So it still has a ways to go uh before it does become uh a law at this point.

29:46

But I would did want to update the board on that.

29:49

Um let's see.

29:52

In the month of May, we did have one exceedance of ozone, um, but no exceedances of PM10, and again, um, more recently, as we saw in the trends report, I think we had a couple of exceedances last year.

30:00

And again, more recently, as we saw in the trends report, I think we had a couple of exceedances last year.

30:08

Excedences of the ozone standard are becoming, I guess, more common during the summer months.

30:14

So we'll keep track of those.

30:16

You heard during the trends report uh presentation some of the things that impact ozone pollution.

30:21

We obviously track those as well.

30:23

Um that's pretty much all I have to say about that.

30:28

Um let's see.

30:29

Uh as it pertains to plan review and happy report in the month of May, we did process uh 100% of the plan review um uh applications in a timely manner.

30:42

Um, and all in a year total, we are at 99%.

30:45

So happy to report that.

30:47

And that concludes my update.

30:50

Happy to answer any questions.

30:51

Thank you, Mr.

30:52

Vega.

30:52

Thanks for the follow-up too with the questions from the previous month.

30:56

Appreciate that.

30:57

Of course.

30:58

Any questions for Mr.

30:59

Vega?

31:02

Okay.

31:02

Yes.

31:03

Just a comment.

31:04

Thank you very much for your follow-up and the information.

31:06

And your reports are always excellent, but I appreciated the review of the chemistry uh of the air pollution that was available in this in this month's report.

31:16

Well, thank you.

31:18

Thank you, Mr.

31:19

Bae.

31:19

Thank you.

31:21

All right, we'll go ahead and move to item 10B.

31:24

Ms.

31:25

Dixon.

31:26

Absolutely.

31:26

Community clinical health services, Miss Christina Shepard.

31:32

Good afternoon, members of the board.

31:33

Christina Shepard, Division Director for Community and Clinical Health Services.

31:37

A couple items that I wanted to highlight from my report this month.

31:41

Um, we featured the changes to the WIC food packages this month.

31:44

Um, this is the largest update to the WIC food packages in more than a decade.

31:48

And the new packages offer greater choice, more culturally diverse foods, and a stronger nutritional balance for our participants.

31:55

We've had really good feedback from our participants thus far.

31:59

They especially like the increased food fruit and vegetable benefits, um, the whole food options for infants, and then the expanded dairy and protein substitutions.

32:09

Our WIC staff has also done a really great job supporting families through these changes with individualized counseling and then helping them use the digital tools like the WIC Shopper app.

32:19

A couple other program notes.

32:20

Our immunization team um has completed its annual vaccines for children compliance activities uh for this fiscal year and has shifted planning towards next fiscal year.

32:29

And then they are gearing up for the back to school season.

32:33

So our biggest back to school event will be August 8th here at the campus where we try to vaccinate um all those kiddos so they can start school on time on that Monday.

32:43

Our family planning sexual health program has begun offering a patient collected cervical cancer screening option for eligible clients.

32:50

This allows individuals, particularly survivors of sexual abuse or assault to complete screening without the need for a pelvic exam.

32:58

So it increases access to this valuable screening tool.

33:01

And then our community health workers were very active in May with outreach events, and notably they participated in a Harvey Milk Day outreach event where participants um were offered free STI screening.

33:12

Um this event targeted the unhoused population and the LGBTQ plus population, which historically um has been hard to access and is underserved.

33:22

Happy to answer any questions you have.

33:24

Thank you.

33:24

I just have a quick question to the last event you just spoke about.

33:28

Approximately how many people did you see?

33:31

We saw 33 people.

33:32

How many?

33:33

33.

33:34

33.

33:34

Thank you.

33:35

Open Miss Dr.

33:36

Warte.

33:37

Um I I noted uh an increase in the number of people that the WIC program is serving, about 5%, if my calculations are correct.

33:45

Yes.

33:45

Do you think this is the beginning of the trend, or do you think this is a sporadic uh uh event that we're seeing?

33:51

It it looks like the numbers have gradually been increasing month over month.

33:55

So I think it is a trend that we're seeing.

33:57

We have been doing a pretty active outreach campaign to increase our participation numbers over the past month.

34:04

Um, but because we have seen the increase month over month, I would see it's a say it's a trend that we're seeing versus our um activities in the past month to increase the participation rate.

34:14

Thank you very much.

34:16

Any other questions?

34:18

Thank you.

34:19

Thank you so much.

34:21

We'll now move to item 10 C.

34:25

Wonderful.

34:26

Mr.

34:27

Rob Fida with Environmental Health Services.

34:34

Good afternoon, Ward.

34:35

Robert Fida for the record, environmental health services director.

34:38

Uh my reporting is in front of you.

34:40

There's a couple things I did want to highlight.

34:41

Uh so staff are continuing an investigation into a salmonella outbreak.

34:45

I believe it is concluded at this point, so I probably should have more for you next month.

34:50

Uh the other thing I did want to highlight is some of the uh unpermitted vendor work that our staff has been doing.

34:55

I added some photos of some of these setups.

35:00

They're seeming to get more uh robust, I guess is the best way of putting it.

35:03

Uh we're seeing a lot of folks, I think from out of state coming in and doing these pop-up setups and stuff like that.

35:09

And you can kind of see they're taking over street corners and stuff like that, and uh leaving behind kind of a mess.

35:15

So this is a uh, I believe an issue that will have to be tackled sooner or later.

35:21

Uh staff are doing their best with the tools we have.

35:23

However, a lot of this is done jointly through uh with partners because a lot of this work is tends to be at odd hours.

35:32

Uh, there is an unsafe element here uh as well.

35:35

And so uh we've been working with our regional partners to kind of do, I guess the best way of putting it is a little strike forces uh essentially.

35:43

Uh take these complaints, try and assess and hit the most common spots.

35:49

Oh the other thing I did want to highlight is some of our team May is our busy month for pools, and the team did 262 inspections for pools in the month of May.

36:00

So uh a lot of hard work went into that.

36:03

Uh staff have I think gotten through, I guess, the initial wave.

36:06

So hopefully the uh they'll get a little bit of reprieve in the coming months.

36:12

And then our PFAS uh grant sampling.

36:15

So we did our first uh set of uh homeowner uh well sampling.

36:21

Uh we've had a pilot uh program scheduled for a few staff that are on wells as an educational opportunity for staff participating in the grant program and as well as kind of uh getting our system in place.

36:34

So next couple months, uh you'll see be probably seeing more, we'll be getting more results from some of that PPES sampling, and we'll see uh how that looks.

36:42

Uh staff are looking to target about 60 samples a month until funding runs out, so we'll see from there.

36:49

And then the other thing I think that will be of interest is uh our staff finalized a contract with KTMB and the county manager's office, and this is for a rapid response cleanup of kind of public land sites.

37:00

Uh they're putting together a small team to kind of go and uh kind of uh monitor certain sites that they know are prone for dumping.

37:09

Uh so this is gonna be through KTMB in partnership with the county manager's office.

37:13

So our staff, and I know the county manager's staff are kind of interested to see uh what we can do to help and improve some of that uh dumping and maybe uh divert uh resources away from some of these sites potentially.

37:27

So those are kind of the big key highlights I wanted to bring up.

37:31

Uh I'm open to any questions.

37:33

Thank you so much.

37:34

Um I'm just gonna start with a couple of questions, and I'd like to share with the board a couple things to your point on the KTMB partnership, but also what's coming down from a Washoe County perspective.

37:44

I think the board would like to understand how you're going to be involved.

37:49

But my two questions are directly related to the unpermitted vendor.

37:54

Um so thanks for providing that information.

37:58

How um how are you how are you discovering this?

38:03

Is it just organic or how how are you learning about this?

38:08

A lot of it is complaint driven.

38:09

Uh we get a lot of uh restaurateurs and uh property owners, they're setting up on their sites, and either they have to clean up after this, or they're competing with uh permitted businesses, and a lot of times they'll set up something like that.

38:23

And it's usually outside their jurisdiction.

38:25

So a lot of this is complaint-driven, is what it is.

38:28

So is there uh and obviously the folks that are playing by the rules are being impacted because they're playing by the rules.

38:35

And so um I'm just wondering to my second point is there a messaging or is there a phone number, or if the is the community uh aware as well.

38:48

I realize that there could be complaint driven that's just from whoever the property owner is that doesn't have the authority, that unpermitted vendor doesn't have the authority that can be driven that way or in other aspects.

39:01

But is there a certain number that you call if if that occurs?

39:06

Uh staff have been working on a uh actually an app that we're developing, the food truck app, and we're hoping that can be used to uh mark unpermitted vendors in real time.

39:18

Uh that way we can track them because uh I think a lot of it is also timeliness.

39:22

When these complaints do come in, it's usually next day and the vendors are gone.

39:26

So we're developing an app for food truck owners, one as advertisement and two as real-time reporting, potentially.

39:32

So once that is up and running, I think we're in the stages of finalizing that app.

39:36

We'll probably do uh a press release to kind of push that out to the community and to some of those business owners as well.

39:42

Yeah, that would be awesome.

39:43

What did what do you think the time frame is?

39:45

Just curious.

39:46

I'm not trying to put you on the spot.

39:48

You could say within a year.

39:50

That would be really broad, or you know, I'm not trying to put you on the spot.

39:53

I'm just curious.

39:54

I was gonna say we've gotten, I think right now, I think we're in the kind of the troubleshooting phase that we're gonna run in a, I would say probably in a fall winter area.

40:00

So we're gonna run it a, I would say probably in a fall winter area, we're looking probably for a full rollout of totally functional.

40:07

Okay.

40:08

Thank you.

40:09

Um, I just would like to share to um Mr.

40:12

Fida's point about the KTMB cleanup and the dumping and what have you.

40:17

Washoe County just recently um unanimously passed an ordinance that gives the district attorney the ability um and legal and law enforcement the ability to go on sites going on go on to actual home owner, if you will, parcels that have been taken over, I'm using my terms that have been occupied, I'll do it a different way, have been occupied without any authorization.

40:50

And because there's a loophole, or at least we close the loophole that directly impacts the fact that if somebody is uh a property owner and is deceased, and there isn't any um easy method to find the next legally um responsible um owner of that property.

41:18

The um the way that everything has been written prevented, and that's a good thing.

41:24

You don't want the authority for somebody to come on your property if it's your property.

41:28

But if the owner is not around to actually give the authorization to occupy that property, then what do you do?

41:36

Law enforcement can't go, other officials' health can't go.

41:40

And I will tell you if you want to see something that you would be surprised.

41:46

There are several of these parcels, and most of them are in Sun Valley.

41:52

And I have ridden with the um Washoe County Sheriff's Hope team many times.

42:00

And you would be surprised in many times, many cases, we are talking 30 to 40 to 50 people on a parcel being occupied with out any with health implications.

42:16

I'll do it that way, with major hazardous health implications.

42:22

And so you're in that neighborhood, and that's what you're seeing and impacting.

42:28

So, one of the questions I had at the commission meeting was what is going to be engaged for health, because you guys have to be directly impacted in terms of helping.

42:39

You're you're going to have to help on that.

42:42

I don't know what the time frame is on that, but get some rest.

42:47

Get some rest.

42:48

It it's uh it makes the unpermitted vendors look that's in a serious problem, by the way.

42:54

I'm not making light of it, but this has been going on for years and years and years.

43:02

And so happily the Board of County Commissioners, we honestly close that loop.

43:07

And it's going to take time.

43:09

I don't even know how long it's gonna take to clean some of those properties.

43:12

So, Ms.

43:13

Dixon, you're shaking your head because you know what I'm talking about.

43:16

Absolutely.

43:16

Let alone the health impacts.

43:19

Uh, we are more than happy to help.

43:21

We uh the team uh and it does address always complaints, and I think that we're more than willing to partner with the county and see where we can uh you know align resources and uh best leverage everything.

43:31

So it's gonna take a huge amount of community support for that.

43:37

Thank you.

43:38

Any questions?

43:40

Yeah, Mr.

43:41

Brown.

43:41

I just want to say, Robert, thank you to you and your staff.

43:43

Um looking at the commercial plans and development renew reviews.

43:47

Numbers are great, you know, 100% in May and then 90 96% over the the entire year.

43:53

Uh to see those numbers come up from past years, it's really still shows you're doing a good job out there.

43:58

So thanks for getting that done.

43:59

I'll let the team know they've been working hard.

44:02

Thank you.

44:03

Any other questions?

44:04

Dr.

44:04

Danko, do you have anything?

44:08

No, thank you.

44:10

Thank you so much.

44:11

Thank you for all your hard work.

44:13

Thank you.

44:14

Okay, we'll go ahead and move to item 10 D, Ms.

44:17

Dixon.

44:17

Wonderful.

44:18

I'd like to invite down Miss Dr.

44:20

Nancy Dow from the Director of Population Health.

44:32

Good afternoon for the record.

44:33

Nancy Dow, Division Director of Population Health.

44:36

Um, we have been in our exercise season in the late spring and early summer, as usual.

44:43

So our preparedness team has coordinated several exercises from April to June, and this included support to planning and coordination efforts in the local hospitals to test our medical response search requirements during the Reno Tahoe Airport exercise on May 13th.

45:01

That happened.

45:02

And a team also facilitated a workshop, then functional exercise for the hazardous material exercise on May 27th, which was focusing on response operations during a Sinai Spill.

45:13

But most recently this month on June 4th, our preparedness team also conducted a tabletop exercise for our internal leadership and designated staff at NMPH, just focusing on NMPH's ability to maintain mission essential functions in event of a disaster.

45:30

So the scenario that we played for our exercise was a ransomware cyber attack that encrypted all our critical systems, causing widespread shutdowns for NMPH websites, phones, and online systems, requiring activation of our continuity of operations plan.

45:46

And all our internal divisions participated and were asked to identify and prioritize core functions as well as evaluate our ability to manage non-essential functions during an activation.

45:59

I would also like to bring to attention to the national certified in disease intervention certification exam that took place for the first time in April of this year across the United States.

46:12

A majority of our public health investigators, some epidemiologists, fellows, and supervisors took advantage of this opportunity and sat through the exam and became the very first group nationally to be certified in disease intervention.

46:28

That's a big deal.

46:30

And this exam was done.

46:32

That's a big deal.

46:34

That is a big deal.

46:35

The first we're the first group nationally to be submitted.

46:39

Nationally, that's like a big deal.

46:41

Thank you.

46:42

Yeah, this exam was um developed through a national workshop of disease intervention staff and our own uh sexual health epidemiologists also participated in the development of the exam and study materials.

46:54

And the administration of the exam and certification was conducted by the National Board of Public Health Examiners.

47:00

So congratulations again to all those who sat through this three hour exam and received this official certification.

47:08

Again, congratulations.

47:10

Very, very proud.

47:12

And finally, just to note that with the continued Ebola Bondabugio outbreak that's happening right now in the DRC and Uganda.

47:20

Um, our epidemiology team is continuing our efforts to monitor travelers from the DRC, South Sudan, and Uganda.

47:27

And to date, there hasn't been no cases that's been confirmed in the US.

47:31

That's all my updates.

47:32

I'm happy to answer any questions.

47:34

Thank you so much.

47:35

Do we have any questions for Dr.

47:36

Dow?

47:38

Thank you so much, and a big big congratulations.

47:41

Did you have a question?

47:42

Okay, so that clap was not an I don't think even rateable.

47:47

It was not even rateable.

47:49

So really congratulations, please, everybody.

47:53

That is amazing.

47:56

That is amazing.

47:57

Congratulations.

47:58

I hope that gets messaged out as well.

48:02

For sure.

48:02

Yes.

48:03

Thank you.

48:03

Mr.

48:04

Disco question.

48:05

Are we doing some kind of media information regarding this wonderful?

48:11

That's what I just mentioned.

48:13

So absolutely, I believe Dr.

48:14

Dow just mentioned that our comms team is going to be working on messaging getting.

48:19

The messaging is coming.

48:21

Yes.

48:21

Thank you.

48:22

With big clap.

48:23

Thank you.

48:24

Thank you.

48:25

Thank you so much.

48:27

All right.

48:27

We'll move now to item 10E, Miss Dixon.

48:30

All right.

48:30

And I and before you, you have the Office of the District Health Officer report.

48:36

There is a lot of information in here, including information from comms, our administration team, and our outreach, a number of our outreach activities.

48:48

I'd like to focus on two thank yous for staff.

48:52

First of all, for our admin team who are wrapping up the fiscal end of year.

49:03

And I just want to say thank you for all their extra hard work as we are rapidly approaching the July 1st date.

49:09

It is a team effort with all of our program managers and supervisors, but a huge kudos to that team and the amount of work that they're doing.

49:18

And then I also want to say thank you to our staff in advance.

49:23

We are gearing up for an office remodel.

49:26

And I am grateful in advance for all the staff support and their patience and their adaptability as remodels are never easy, but the end result is going to be very nice for the uh first time in I think 25 years.

49:41

We're going to be looking at um even just replacing the carpet.

49:44

So we're looking at uh thank you to the team in advance.

49:48

So great.

49:50

Any questions from Ms.

49:51

Dixon?

49:53

Well, you know, you'll have to put what the remodel will look like when it's done.

50:00

That'll be the incentive to just as you're pushing through because it's never easy.

50:02

Um, and thanks for always including the media mentions.

50:06

That's really really helpful as well.

50:08

All right, we're gonna close that item and move to public comment.

50:11

Do we have any public comment?

50:14

Comments heard under this item will be limited to three minutes per person and may pertain to matters both on and off the board agenda.

50:21

Unused time may not be allocated to other speakers.

50:24

The board may also hear public comment under individual action items with comment limited to three minutes per person.

50:30

Comments are to be made to the board as a whole, and virtual public comment may be taken when facilities are available.

50:36

We have not received any requests for public comments.

50:39

Thank you so much.

50:41

All right, we'll move now to item 12 board comments.

50:44

Any board comments.

50:48

I am going to do a huge shout out to uh two folks from Northern Nevada Public Health.

50:55

I put together a working group.

50:57

Uh Washoe County has been uh looking at um for the last several years, um, modifying and updating equine ordinances that haven't been looked at in over 20 years plus.

51:12

And I say to people, what was it like when you were here if you were here 20 years ago to where we're at now to Mr.

51:18

Duplantis always sharing that we are growing, growing, growing.

51:23

And so I put together a group, we had legislators there, we had representatives from various organizations again, including Northern Nevada Public Health, to speak to what things were outside of Washoe County's jurisdictional authority that could be looked at.

51:41

It was a really really great meeting.

51:43

I heard feedback that um a lot of various agencies, everyone's so good at what they do, but they may not realize what others are kind of doing.

51:53

And so it was a very good informational meeting so that if there is either administrative through NEC regulatory um a process that could be considered, and or legislation that may be considered in the upcoming upcoming legislative session in 2027 that'll soon be here.

52:12

But I really wanted to give the two representatives that were there from Northern Nevada Public Health not only um spending the time, it was a long meeting, but really offering clarity as well from not only the folks that were there, but also from various um uh jurisdictional agencies that um is really helpful.

52:33

So I guess I should say that we are gonna have a follow-up with Northern Nevada Public Health and those representatives because there was some additional information that came out of it that I think can be helpful for those that choose to uh enjoy being in the equine business, not only in the community but throughout the state.

52:51

So it's been a very interesting uh conversation that um I'll happy to entertain if anybody wants to know all the details.

53:00

I'm happy to talk about it.

53:01

In the meantime, hearing no other further board comments, we're gonna call this meeting adjourned at 153.

53:09

Thank you so much.

Discussion Breakdown — Share of Meeting
Public Health██████████████████████████████30%
Procedural█████████████████████21%
Public Health Awareness█████████████████17%
Air Quality Management███████████████15%
Environmental Protection███████████11%
Transportation Safety███3%
Legislative Process███3%
Summary of Proceedings

Washoe County District Board of Health Meeting - June 25, 2026

The District Board of Health (DBOH) met on Thursday, June 25, 2026, at 1:00 PM in the Washoe County Administration Complex. Chair Reese was absent; Vice Chair Andriola presided. The meeting covered recognition of retiring staff and health heroes, approval of a consent agenda, reports on REMSA ambulance services and air quality trends, annual review of the Interlocal Agreement creating the health district, and updates from each NNPH division. The meeting adjourned at 1:53 PM.

Consent Calendar

  • Approved the May 28, 2026 draft minutes.
  • Authorized FY27 vaccine purchases from Merck & Company Inc. not to exceed $200,000.
  • Approved an interlocal agreement with the Board of Regents of the Nevada System of Higher Education for medical resident preceptorships (July 1, 2026 – June 30, 2027, renewable).
  • Upheld Notice of Violation No. AQMV26-0003 against ASK Nevada for failing to utilize the installed gasoline vapor control system when unloading gasoline into an underground storage tank.
  • Upheld Notice of Violation No. AQMV26-0004 against Hunt & Sons, Inc. for similar gasoline vapor control system violation.
  • Appointed Joni Hammond to the Food Protection Hearing Advisory Board (term July 1, 2026 – June 30, 2029).
  • Acknowledged receipt of the Health Fund Financial Review for May, Fiscal Year 2026.
  • All consent items were approved unanimously via a single motion.

Public Comments & Testimony

  • No members of the public provided comment during either public comment period.

Discussion Items

  • REMSA Health Monthly Franchise Report (May 2026): Barry Duplantis, CEO/President of REMSA, presented. Highlights: 8,945 EMS calls in May (all-time high); 5,813 patient transports; average response times for priority-one calls ranged from 5 minutes 32 seconds (Reno) to 8 minutes 27 seconds (Washoe County); full compliance with franchise terms. REMSA and Truckee Meadows Fire Protection District agreed to a one-year extension for fire dispatch. REMSA is ordering ambulances up to 18 months in advance to meet community growth. A new patient satisfaction survey company (Baldridge Company) will provide real-time, transparent results. The board accepted the report unanimously (motion by Brown, second by Driscoll).
  • Washoe County Air Quality Trends Report (2016–2025): Ben McMullen, Air Quality Specialist, presented. Notable: two days in 2025 were at "Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups" AQI or higher, both attributed to ground-level ozone; July 10, 2025 also had smoke from the Green Fire. Ten-year trend shows improvement in winter air quality due to wood-burning device rules but increasing summer ozone concerns. If the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard is strengthened (potential 60–70 ppb range), Washoe County could become a non-attainment area, leading to restrictions on industry and development. The board accepted the report unanimously (motion by Dr. Ituarte, second by Dr. Danko).
  • Review of Interlocal Agreement (ILA) for the Health District: Dania Reid, Deputy District Attorney, explained the annual review requirement per Section 7C of the ILA. She noted that any amendments must be made before October 1, 2026 (90 days before the January 1 renewal date). The board could either direct staff to bring recommendations to the three jurisdictions or accept the ILA in its current form. After brief discussion on the amendment process, the board voted unanimously to accept the ILA in its current form (motion by Driscoll, second by Brown).

Staff Reports and Program Updates (No action required)

  • Air Quality Management (Francisco Vega): Provided follow-up on ozone data from the American Lung Association report—low periods in 2009–2011 (economic downturn) and 2022–2024 (reduced wildfires) were explained. Noted that the U.S. House passed legislation (now in Senate) to allow year-round sale of E15 ethanol fuel. In May 2025, one ozone exceedance and no PM10 exceedances were recorded; 100% of plan reviews were processed on time.
  • Community and Clinical Health Services (Christina Sheppard): Highlighted updates to WIC food packages (largest in a decade, offering more choice, cultural foods, increased fruit/vegetable benefits). Immunization team completed annual compliance activities and is preparing for the back-to-school event on August 8. Family planning now offers patient-collected cervical cancer screening. Community health workers reached 33 individuals at a Harvey Milk Day event offering free STI screening, targeting unhoused and LGBTQ+ populations. Dr. Ituarte noted a 5% increase in WIC participation, which staff indicated is a continuing trend.
  • Environmental Health Services (Robert Fyda): Staff concluded a salmonella outbreak investigation. Reported ongoing issues with unpermitted food vendors setting up pop-up operations; a new food truck app is in development for real-time reporting (full rollout targeted for fall/winter). Conducted 262 pool inspections in May. Began PFAS grant sampling of homeowner wells (pilot program for staff), aiming for 60 samples per month. Finalized a rapid response cleanup contract with KTMB and the county manager's office to address illegal dumping on public land. Vice Chair Andriola noted that Washoe County recently passed an ordinance closing a loophole regarding unauthorized occupancy on parcels where the owner is deceased, which will enable enforcement and health interventions.
  • Population Health (Dr. Nancy Diao): Preparedness team conducted exercises including support for the Reno-Tahoe Airport exercise (May 13), a hazmat exercise (May 27), and a tabletop ransomware cyber attack exercise for NNPH (June 4) testing continuity of operations. Announced that a majority of NNPH public health investigators, epidemiologists, and supervisors became the first group nationally to be certified in disease intervention after taking the inaugural exam in April 2026 (certification by National Board of Public Health Examiners). Epidemiology team continues to monitor travelers from DRC, South Sudan, and Uganda regarding the Ebola outbreak; no cases confirmed in the U.S. to date.
  • Office of the District Health Officer (Chad Kingsley): Recognized administrative staff for end-of-fiscal-year work and thanked staff in advance for an upcoming office remodel (first major update in 25 years, including carpet replacement). May media mentions were included in the report.

Key Outcomes

  • Approved the REMSA Health Monthly Franchise Report for May 2026 (unanimous).
  • Accepted the Washoe County Air Quality Trends Report for 2016–2025 (unanimous).
  • Accepted the Interlocal Agreement in its current form; set October 1, 2026 as the deadline for any future amendment recommendations (unanimous).
  • All consent agenda items (6A–6G) passed unanimously.
  • No public comments were received.

Meeting Transcript

Like to call this meeting to order of the uh recording in progress. Good afternoon. Like to call the meeting to order of the district board of health on Thursday, June 25th of 2026 at 1 p.m. Like to call a roll call, please at this time. Vice Chair Andreola. Present. Board Member Driscoll. Here. Board Member Anderson. Oh, is absent. Board Member Brown. Here. Dr. Denko. Here. Dr. Tuarte? Here. Um Chair Reese is absent. Um, but we do have a quorum. Thank you so much. If we could, Mr. Duplantis, would you lead us in the pledge, please? One nation. Under the individual with the hand just for all. Thank you. We'll move now to public comment. Comments heard under this item will be limited to three minutes per person and may pertain to matters both on and off the board agenda. A news time may not be allocated to other speakers. The board may also hear public comment under individual action action items with comment limited to three minutes per person. Comments are to be made to the board as a whole, and virtual public comment may be taken when facilities are available. Um we did not receive any requests for public comment in person or um online. Thank you. We'll go ahead then and close item three, move to item four approval of the agenda. I'll entertain a motion. We have a motion by member Driscoll, um, a second by Mr. Brown. Any uh further discussion? Hearing none, all those in favor signify by saying aye. Aye. Any opposed? Motion carries unanimously. Thank you so much. We'll move now, or I guess it's on your screen too. We'll confirm it with. All right. We'll move now to item five recognition. Ms. Dixon. Wonderful.

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