Horry County South Carolina

IMAGINE 2040

Your County. Your Voice. Our Future.

Comprehensive Plan Ordinance # 54-19 Adopted unanimously by Horry County Council December 10, 2019

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IMAGINE 2040

VISION STATEMENT

"Horry County will sustain and enhance the quality of life for our residents and visitors by fostering healthy and safe communities, preserving our natural assets and rural heritage, encouraging business growth and economic diversification, and providing services and public facilities that will protect and strengthen our future."

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... i-ii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1.1 AUTHORITY OF COMPREHENSIVE PLANS ...................................................................... 1.1 PURPOSE AND INTENT ....................................................................................................... 1.1 - 1.2 PLANNING AND REGULATORY HISTORY ....................................................................... 1.2 - 1.3 THE PROCESS ........................................................................................................................ 1.4 - 1.6 IMAGINE 2040 STEERING COMMITTEE .................................................................... 1.4 PUBLIC INPUT ................................................................................................................. 1.5 ADOPTION AND PUBLIC HEARINGS .......................................................................... 1.6 GUIDE TO THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ......................................................................... 1.6 - 1.9 THE VISION ..................................................................................................................... 1.7 OVERARCHING GOALS OF THE PLAN ....................................................................... 1.7 PLAN ELEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 1.8 - 1.9 PLAN AMENDMENTS, REVIEWS, AND UPDATES ......................................................... 1.9

CHAPTER 2: POPULATION

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 2.1 POPULATION GROWTH ...................................................................................................... 2.1 - 2.5 MUNICIPAL GROWTH ................................................................................................. 2.1 POPULATION CHANGE ............................................................................................... 2.2 POPULATION DENSITY ............................................................................................... 2.3 POPULATION PROJECTIONS ...................................................................................... 2.4 SEASONAL POPULATION ........................................................................................... 2.5 ACADEMIC STUDENT POPULATION ........................................................................ 2.5 POPULATION GROWTH FINDINGS ........................................................................... 2.5 DEMOGRAPHICS ................................................................................................................... 2.5 - 2.14 AGE AND SEX ................................................................................................................. 2.5 - 2.7 RACE ................................................................................................................................ 2.8 HOUSEHOLDS ................................................................................................................. 2.8 - 2.9 EDUCATION .................................................................................................................... 2.9 - 2.10 INCOME ........................................................................................................................... 2.10 POVERTY ......................................................................................................................... 2.11 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ........................................................................................ 2.12 VETERANS ...................................................................................................................... 2.13 HEALTH ............................................................................................................................ 2.13-2.14 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................... 2.14

CHAPTER 3: CULTURAL RESOURCES

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INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................3.1

HISTORY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION......................................................3.1 - 3.5 AMERICAN INDIANS 3.1 EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT 3.1 - 3.2 THE INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC 3.2 GULLAH GEECHEE CULTURE 3.3 EMERGENCE OF A BEACH COMMUNITY 3.3 MYRTLE BEACH AIR FORCE BASE 3.3 HISTORY MUSEUMS 3.3 HISTORIC PRESERVATION 3.4 EVENTS 3.4 - 3.5 HISTORY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION FINDINGS 3.5

RURAL CULTURE............................................................................................3.6 - 3.8 AGRICULTURE 3.6 - 3.7 NATURE: WILDLIFE, HUNTING AND FISHING 3.7 - 3.8 CHICKEN BOG 3.8 RURAL CULTURAL EVENTS 3.8 RURAL CULTURE FINDINGS 3.8

BEACH CULTURE...........................................................................................3.9 - 3.12 ATTRACTIONS 3.9 GOLF 3.9 - 3.10 MOTOR SPORTS 3.10 - 3.11 CAMPING 3.11 SEAFOOD 3.11 BEACH CULTURE EVENTS 3.11 - 3.12 BEACH CULTURE FINDINGS 3.12

ARTS CULTURE............................................................................................3.13 - 3.15 ARTS CULTURE EVENTS 3.14 - 3.15 ARTS CULTURE FINDINGS 3.15

FAITH-BASED CULTURE................................................................................3.16 FAITH-BASED CULTURE EVENTS 3.16 FAITH-BASED CULTURE FINDINGS 3.16

CONCLUSIONS...............................................................................................3.17

CHAPTER 4: NATURAL RESOURCES

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INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................4.1 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES.................................................................................4.2

WATER RESOURCES......................................................................................4.2 - 4.11 WATERSHEDS AND WATERWAYS 4.2 - 4.3 WETLANDS 4.3 - 4.4 BEACHES AND MARSHES 4.5 - 4.6 SURFACE WATER QUALITY 4.6 - 4.8 FLOODPLAIN 4.8 - 4.10 WATER RESOURCES FINDINGS 4.10 - 4.11

AGRICULTURE..............................................................................................4.11 - 4.13 CROPLAND 4.12 FARMLAND PRESERVATION 4.12 AGRICULTURE FINDINGS 4.12 - 4.13

FORESTLAND...............................................................................................4.13 - 4.15 WILDFIRES 4.13 - 4.14 FIREWISE 4.14 URBAN FORESTRY 4.14 - 4.15 FORESTLAND FINDINGS 4.15

SOILS...........................................................................................................4.15 - 4.16 DRAINAGE 4.15 MINING 4.15 - 4.16 SEPTIC SUITABILITY 4.16 SOIL FINDINGS 4.16

SPECIES HABITAT........................................................................................4.17 - 4.21 THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES 4.17 - 4.18 INVASIVE SPECIES 4.18 CONSERVATION LAND 4.18 - 4.19 NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS 4.20 HABITAT FINDINGS 4.20 - 4.21

ENERGY.......................................................................................................4.21 - 4.23 AIR QUALITY 4.21 WIND ENERGY 4.21 - 4.22 SOLAR POWER 4.22 OFFSHORE DRILLING 4.22 ENERGY FINDINGS 4.22 - 4.23

CONCLUSIONS...............................................................................................4.23

CHAPTER 5: HOUSING

PAGE NUMBER INTRODUCTION ............................................................................5.1

HOUSING ANALYSIS......................................................................5.1 - 5.8 HOUSING UNITS .................................................................5.1 HOUSING TYPES ................................................................5.1 - 5.2 OCCUPANCY AND VACANCY ................................................5.3 HOUSING CONDITIONS ........................................................5.4 DENSITY AND FORM ...........................................................5.4 - 5.6 DEVELOPMENT TRENDS .....................................................5.6 - 5.7 HOUSING ANALYSIS FINDINGS ............................................5.8

COST AND AFFORDABILITY...........................................................5.8 - 5.12 HOUSING COSTS .................................................................5.8 - 5.9 COST BURDEN ....................................................................5.10 - 5.11 FAIR HOUSING ...................................................................5.11 - 5.12 COST AND AFFORDABILITY FINDINGS .................................5.12

SHORT-TERM HOUSING ASSISTANCE...........................................5.12 - 5.14 HOMELESSNESS .................................................................5.12 - 5.13 EMERGENCY HOUSING SOLUTIONS ....................................5.13 RAPID REHOUSING .............................................................5.13 PUBLIC HOUSING ................................................................5.13 HOMELESSNESS PREVENTION - HOUSING ...........................5.13 REHABILITATION PROGRAM SHORT-TERM HOUSING ASSISTANCE FINDINGS ...................5.14

REVITALIZATION EFFORTS.............................................................5.14 - 5.15 NEIGHBORHOOD PLANS ......................................................5.14 NUISANCE ABATEMENT PROGRAM ......................................5.14 - 5.15 COMMUNITY REVITALIZATION FINDINGS .............................5.15

CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................5.15

CHAPTER 6: COMMUNITY FACILITIES

PAGE NUMBER INTRODUCTION ............................................................................6.1

GENERAL GOVERNMENTAL FACILITIES.......................................... 6.1 - 6.2 GENERAL GOVERNMENTAL FACILITY FINDINGS ...................6.2

UTILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE..................................................6.2 - 6.11 POWER SUPPLIES ................................................................6.2 - 6.3 POWER FINDINGS ................................................................6.3 WATER SUPPLIES ................................................................6.3 - 6.5 WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS ................................6.5 WATER AND SEWER FINDINGS ............................................6.5 STORMWATER ......................................................................6.6 - 6.7 STORMWATER FINDINGS .....................................................6.7 TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICE ..........................................6.8 TELECOMMUNICATION FINDINGS .........................................6.8 SOLID WASTE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL ........................6.8 - 6.10 SOLID WASTE FINDINGS .......................................................6.11 UTILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE FINDINGS ........................6.11

EDUCATION FACILITIES..................................................................6.11 - 6.16 DAYCARE FACILITIES ...........................................................6.11 PK-12 EDUCATION ...............................................................6.12 - 6.14 HIGHER EDUCATION ............................................................6.14 - 6.15 LIBRARIES ............................................................................6.15 - 6.16 EDUCATION FINDINGS .........................................................6.16

RECREATION AND LEISURE FACILITIES.........................................6.17 - 6.19 PARKS AND RECREATION ....................................................6.17 - 6.18 SENIOR CENTERS ................................................................6.18 - 6.19 RECREATION AND LEISURE FINDINGS ................................6.19

HEALTH CARE FACILITIES...............................................................6.20 - 6.21 HOSPITALS ............................................................................6.20 - 6.21 ELDER CARE FACILITIES ......................................................6.21 HEALTH CARE FINDINGS .....................................................6.21

CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................6.21

CHAPTER 7: PUBLIC SAFETY

CHAPTER 8: TRANSPORTATION

CHAPTER 9: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

PAGE NUMBER INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................9.1

EXISTING PLANS...................................................................................9.1 - 9.2 ECONOMIC PLANNING EFFORTS 9.1 SPECIALIZED STUDIES AND PLANS 9.1 - 9.2 EXISTING PLANS FINDINGS 9.2

WORKFORCE..........................................................................................9.2 - 9.6 EDUCATION AND SKILLS 9.2 - 9.3 EMPLOYMENT TRENDS 9.3 - 9.4 WAGES AND EARNINGS 9.4 COST OF LIVING 9.5 COMMUTING PATTERNS 9.5 WORKFORCE FINDINGS 9.6

ECONOMIC BASE ANALYSIS................................................................9.7 - 9.14 MAJOR EMPLOYERS 9.7 START UP AND SMALL BUSINESSES 9.7 - 9.8 EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY 9.8 KEY EMPLOYMENT SECTORS 9.9 TOURISM 9.9 - 9.10 HEALTHCARE 9.10 CONSTRUCTION 9.10 - 9.11 MANUFACTURING 9.12 - 9.13 AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 9.13 - 9.14 PROJECTED INDUSTRY GROWTH 9.14 ECONOMIC BASE FINDINGS 9.14

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES...............................................................9.15 - 9.18 COMMUNITY REVITALIZATION 9.15 - 9.16 INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURING CENTERS 9.16 - 9.17 OPPORTUNITY ZONES 9.17 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FINDINGS 9.18

CONCLUSIONS..........................................................................................9.18

CHAPTER 10: PRIORITY INVESTMENT

PAGE NUMBER INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................10.1

CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS PLANNING...................................................10.1

FUNDING SOURCES...............................................................................10.1 - 10.6 GENERAL FUND 10.2 SPECIAL FUNDS 10.2 - 10.3 INTERNAL SERVICE FUNDS 10.3 - 10.4 HOSPITALITY AND ACCOMMODATIONS TAXES 10.4 RIDE TAXES 10.4 - 10.5 BONDING 10.5 GRANTS 10.5 DEVELOPER FEES 10.5 - 10.6 SPECIAL TAX DISTRICTS 10.6 FUNDING SOURCES FINDINGS 10.6

CAPITAL PROJECT NEEDS....................................................................10.6 - 10.11 BUDGETED CIP PROJECTS 10.7 - 10.8 UNFUNDED PROJECTS 10.9 - 10.10 RECURRING AND LIFECYCLE MAINTENANCE COSTS 10.11

PROJECTED FUNDS AND GAPS............................................................10.12

CONCLUSIONS..........................................................................................10.13

CHAPTER 11: LAND USE

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INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 11.1

PLANNING & REGULATORY HISTORY ........................................ 11.2 - 11.5 LAND USE PLANS ................................................................ 11.2 DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS ........................................... 11.2 - 11.5 PLANNING AND REGULATORY FINDINGS .......................... 11.5

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS ............................................................. 11.6 - 11.15 REZONING TRENDS ............................................................. 11.7 URBAN AND SUBURBAN DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS ....... 11.8 RURAL DEVELOPMENT ....................................................... 11.8 CURRENT LAND USE .......................................................... 11.8 - 11.10 GROWTH STRATEGY ........................................................... 11.11 COMMUNITY INPUT ............................................................ 11.11 - 11.13 LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS ............................................ 11.14 - 11.15

FUTURE LAND USE ...................................................................... 11.16 - 11.28 SCENIC AND CONSERVATION AREAS ............................... 11.19 RURAL ................................................................................... 11.20 RURAL COMMUNITIES ........................................................ 11.21 RURAL ACTIVITY CENTER ................................................. 11.22 SUBURBAN ........................................................................... 11.23 NEIGHBORHOOD ACTIVITY CENTER ................................. 11.24 COMMERCIAL CORRIDORS ............................................... 11.25 MIXED USE ........................................................................... 11.26 COMMUNITY ACTIVITY CENTER ...................................... 11.27 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CENTER ............................... 11.28

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT ....................................................... 11.29

CHAPTER 12: GOALS AND STRATEGIES

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VISION STATEMENT ...................................................................... 12.1

OVERARCHING GOALS OF PLAN ............................................... 12.1

OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES .................................................. 12.2 - 12.13 COMMUNITY CHARACTER ................................................. 12.2 - 12.3 RURAL PRESERVATION ....................................................... 12.3 REVITALIZATION, REDEVELOPMENT, AND INFILL ............ 12.4 HEALTHY, LIVABLE COMMUNITIES .................................... 12.4 - 12.5 SAFE COMMUNITIES ........................................................... 12.6 - 12.7 COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES .......................... 12.7 - 12.8 MOBILITY AND TRANSPORTATION ..................................... 12.8 - 12.9 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY .................................... 12.9 - 12.11 ECONOMIC GROWTH .......................................................... 12.11 - 12.12 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT ............................................. 12.12 - 12.13

RESOURCES

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SPECIAL THANKS

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SPECIAL THANKS

Horry County would like to thank the following persons, who have generously committed their time, knowledge and dedication to the people of Horry County, for which this Comprehensive Plan serves as a guideline for the future. The following people have been involved with the Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee, and/or are members of Planning Commission and County Councilmen:

IMAGINE 2040 STEERING COMMITTEE

PLANNING COMMISSION

COUNTY COUNCIL

Additional thanks to Horry County Planning staff, the staff from participating jurisdictions, including the elected and appointed representatives from those jurisdictions, and the people of Horry County.

PLANNING STAFF

PARTICIPATING JURISDICTIONS

City of Conway City of Loris City of Myrtle Beach City of North Myrtle Beach Town of Atlantic Beach Town of Aynor Town of Briarcliffe Acres Town of Surfside Beach Brunswick County Columbus County Georgetown County Marion County

REGIONAL PLANNING GROUPS

Grand Strand Area Transportation Study Waccamaw Regional Council of Governments

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Horry County is rapidly changing. Our beautiful beaches, warm climate, and low taxes have attracted vacationers and retirees to make Horry County their permanent or seasonal home. In light of the growth that is occurring, Horry County is taking proactive steps to plan for the future. The IMAGINE 2040 Comprehensive Plan emphasizes the principles of sustainable development, focuses on community design and character, maximizes and efficiently expands public infrastructure together with services, and brings people closer to job centers, while encouraging thoughtful development and redevelopment.

Horry County’s population and housing stock have more than doubled over the past 30 years. In 2018, the US Census identified the County as part of the 2nd fastest growing Metropolitan Statistical Area in the nation for the third year in a row. By 2040, our year-round population is expected to nearly double again, reaching up to 584,500 permanent residents. If residential growth patterns continue as they have over the last few decades, more than 200,000 of the 275,000 anticipated new residents are likely to make unincorporated Horry County their home. 45% of that growth could be accommodated in unincorporated properties that have already been zoned for major residential developments; however, Horry County and the municipalities within it will need to plan for at least another 63,000 units. Long-term trends reveal that on average 210 new homes are constructed and 650 new residents relocate to Horry County monthly. These numbers were far exceeded in 2017, as more than 4,200 new single family homes were constructed and an estimated 11,800 people moved to Horry County. Increased housing demand and a lack of available supply, compounded by a shortage in construction workers and materials following the Recession, has resulted in higher home sale prices and a shortage of affordable housing. From 2012 to 2018, the average single-family home jumped from $154,500 to $238,000, exceeding sales prices prior to the economic downturn. The increase in home prices has forced working residents to live further away from their jobs, having an adverse impact on the cost of living and quality of life for our largely tourism based workforce. Conversely, retirees relocating to Horry County are often purchasing more expensive homes closer to the beach. These residents often have a higher expectation of service provided by the County compared to those living in rural areas.

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While Horry County will inevitably continue to attract new residents, the lack of diversity in the age of our population, coupled with strained infrastructure and services, presents a challenge to economic growth. Seniors aged 55 and older make up 37% of our population in comparison to 28.9% statewide and 27% nationally. This segment of Horry County’s population is growing more rapidly than other segments. In fact, little-to-no growth is occurring in the 20-29 year old age bracket, and slow growth is occurring for those 30-54 years old. With more than 18% of our residents living below the poverty level, it is evident that Horry County needs to diversify our economy and expand the number of wage earners and entrepreneurs. The County must offer a variety of housing types to attract a diverse range of income earners, age groups, and family types to stay or relocate here. These efforts are necessary to stabilize our economy and our communities, which will have positive secondary impacts on public safety and housing security.

In recent years, new development has consumed more than 53 square miles of land. As large tracts of land for residential subdivisions near urban centers have become scarcer and as housing costs have been driven up, more people are beginning to locate further away from city centers and other significant centers of community activity. New subdivisions, many of which were approved for development over a decade ago, are emerging along major corridors outside of established suburban and urban cores. Residential growth without nearby commercial and employment centers strains the local tax base, congests roadways, increases public safety response times, overcrowds schools, and limits the ability to equitably provide recreation and other desired public facilities and services.

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Planning can be a challenging task to undertake in a County of our size with such a wide range of development intensity between urban and rural communities. Existing residents have placed an emphasis on the need for infill development and redevelopment to minimize the cost for additional infrastructure and public services. They have expressed the need for job centers and economic growth. They have also indicated the desire to preserve the landscape and lifestyle of our rural communities. All of these factors, along with public safety, natural hazards, and community health were considered when developing the IMAGINE 2040 Comprehensive Plan and are embodied in the vision of this plan.

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The location and form in which growth occurs will have a strong bearing on the quality of life for our existing and future residents and the experience of our visitors. In order to preserve a way of life for our rural residents and cultivate a sense of place in our suburban and urban areas of the County, there must be a change in how density is perceived. Strategically placed density in already highly developed areas must be considered, as it will ultimately reduce the cost to upgrade infrastructure and the cost of services, attract businesses and young professionals, offer a mixture of housing options, improve health through walkability, and foster character and a sense of place. Allowing for increased density and infill development in urban and suburban areas will have a positive impact on our economy, especially if it repurposes failing commercial areas and former shopping malls.

In some areas of the County, such as golf course communities, redevelopment may be more challenging, as public safety, stormwater, and separation and buffering of differing uses must be considered in the rezoning and development review process. By allowing for growth to occur in areas where infrastructure and services are already available, it will also reduce the demand for greenfield development in rural areas of the County; thus preserving rural lifestyles, farmland, and important natural resources that help retain floodwaters. Recent floods have revealed the vulnerabilities of our residents, economy, roads, and stormwater infrastructure, but it has also revealed our County’s resilience to adversity.

This plan will allow Horry County to take a proactive role in determining the fate of our communities, economy, roads and infrastructure, services, and quality of life. The IMAGINE 2040 Steering Committee and staff thoroughly reviewed the changing conditions of the County and gathered public input to develop this plan, the heart of which can be defined by the Vision, Future Land Use Map, and the Goals, Objectives, and Strategies. Not only does it address recommended land uses, it exceeds state planning criteria by including an additional chapter on Public Safety. It also provides a foundation for the development of future planning initiatives, such as:

• Comprehensive Road Improvement Plan;
• Stormwater Capital Improvement Plan;
• Parks and Open Space Plan;
• Greenways & Blueways Master Plan;
• Beach Management Plan;
• Historic Preservation Plan;
• updates to the Garden City and Little River area plans; and
• additional neighborhood and area plans.

In order to successfully implement this plan, there will need to be changes to County regulations that will support variation in design, density, and development practices, making quality development more practical. The plan will need to be supported through policy and land use decisions. It will require strategic updates to the zoning ordinance, land development regulations, and rezoning review criteria to ensure that development and infill results in quality design that does not adversely impact existing communities, provides a greater sense of place, expands housing options and affordability, ensures safe and healthy communities, and supports economic growth. Ultimately, this plan provides a roadmap for the future of Horry County, exemplifying the ability of the Independent Republic to define its own destiny and continue to be an attractive place for people to live, work, and play.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

Horry County is under intense development pressure. Population projections predict an increase to more than half-a-million residents in Horry County by 2040. Future development, services, and infrastructure must be thoughtfully planned. The IMAGINE 2040 Comprehensive Plan can best be described as a framework for the County's future. It will directly inform current and future decisions. The purpose of the Horry County IMAGINE 2040 Comprehensive Plan is to enable government officials and citizens to effectively manage natural, cultural, economic and fiscal resources in light of growth, change and an inexact future. IMAGINE 2040 defines the County's biggest assets and challenges for the future while making recommendations about the type and character of development appropriate in different areas of the County.

The goals, objectives and strategies in this document are aimed at promoting safe and healthy communities that preserve and build on the County's unique sense of place; and promoting sustainable economic opportunities that allow all County residents to thrive and prosper. IMAGINE 2040 identifies ways to maximize the County's strengths and improve weaknesses. It is a vital document because it contains guidance for the development of the County over the next 10 to 20 years. The Plan provides this guidance by outlining recommendations and implementation strategies which are supported by data and technical analysis developed through a public review process. This plan is a living document. In addition to a statutorily required five-year review, it will be continually monitored and updated to respond to changing conditions and best available information.

AUTHORITY OF COMPREHENSIVE PLANS

In 1994, the County was granted the authority by the State of South Carolina to prepare and maintain a comprehensive plan through the South Carolina Government Comprehensive Planning Enabling Act (S.C. Code Title 6, Chapter 29). The Act consolidated formerly separate legislative acts regarding the local authority to create comprehensive plans. The comprehensive plan is adopted by ordinance as a means to guide public policy, forming the legal basis for any future land use ordinances, including rezoning requests. In order for local land use regulations to be valid, they must be adopted in accordance with a locally adopted plan. That plan is based upon and includes appropriate studies of the location and the extent of present and anticipated population, social, economic and environmental resources, and the current issues and concerns of the community.

PURPOSE AND INTENT

The IMAGINE 2040 Comprehensive Plan will guide public decision-making affecting the quality of life in Horry County through the year 2040. The Plan identifies the community's vision for the future. The vision articulates the essential components of the quality of life in Horry County, as identified by the community, and serves as the touchstone for the Plan. The various elements of the Plan are designed to accomplish this vision by articulating goals for the future regarding the pattern, quality, and intensity of land uses, the provision of public facilities and services, economic development, availability of housing, and preservation of natural and cultural resources. The Plan also establishes strategies or actions and implementation tools to enable the County to achieve the vision set out in this Plan. The components of the Plan focus on real actions the County can achieve given the appropriate time and resources. The strategies in the Plan are tied together in a comprehensive manner and are executed through both the land use and priority investment chapters.

"It is the function and duty of the local planning commission... to undertake a continuing planning program for the physical, social, and economic growth, development and redevelopment of the area within its jurisdiction. The plans and programs must be designed to promote public health, safety, morals, convenience, prosperity, or the general welfare as well as the efficiency and economy of its area of jurisdiction. Specific planning elements must be based upon careful and comprehensive surveys and studies of existing conditions and probable future development and include recommended means of implementation."

-South Carolina Local Government Planning Enabling Act of 1994

History of Planning in Horry County

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• 1976

  • 1972 - Village of Barefoot Traders Opened (rebuilt as Barefoot Landing in 1988)
  • 1975 - Home Rule Passed allowing for the creation of County Council and the election of commissioners
  • 1975 - Myrtle Beach Airport Opens
  • 1975 - First Horry County Council was elected
  • 1976 - Clear Pond Fire, largest wildfire in SC history, burned 30,000 acres
  • 1976 - Briarcliffe Acres was incorporated

• 1983

  • 1979 - Little River Blue Crab Festival started
  • 1979 - Aynor Harvest Hoe-Down Festival started
  • 1981 - Conway Riverfest started
  • 1983 - Horry County Planning Commission first established

• 1995

  • 1984 - Horry County Railroad Line Established to continue rail service to Myrtle Beach
  • 1985 - Horry County celebrated 250 years since Kingston Township was opened for settlement
  • 1987 - Zoning first established in urban areas
  • 1987 - The Lewis Ocean Bay Heritage Preserve was purchased from International Paper
  • 1989 - Hurricane Hugo, September
  • 1993 - Myrtle Beach Air Force Base Closed
  • 1993 - Coastal Carolina University Established as independent from University of South Carolina
  • 1994 - South Carolina Local Government Comprehensive Planning Enabling Act was passed
  • 1995 - Broadway at the Beach Opened
  • 1996 - Hurricane Fran, September
  • 1997 - Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge was established, December
  • 1998 - The Carolina Forest Development Agreement was signed
  • 1998 - Hurricane Bonnie, August
  • Zoning extension along western corridors (through 1999)

Horry County has a long history of land use planning. The County established zoning for the urbanizing areas in 1987 and later adopted zoning for the entire County in 2002. This document builds on comprehensive and regional planning efforts conducted over the last 40 years. Horry County's first comprehensive plan was adopted in 1976, with subsequent plans being adopted in 1983, 1995, 1999, and 2008. IMAGINE 2040 relies upon those previous efforts and the many neighborhood and area plans that have been developed in recent years to guide quality growth.

PLANNING AND REGULATORY HISTORY

The history of land use planning in Horry County has evolved over the last few decade. The 1976 Land Use Plan was the first land use plan adopted in Horry County. This plan was intended to provide a framework for the growth and development of the County with recommendations for which areas of the county should be reserved for specific types of development and preservation. The 1976 plan divided the County into 14 planning districts, for which a detailed analysis of existing conditions and future potential was outlined.

The 1976 Future Land Use Plan was followed by the 1983 Land Use Plan. Dividing the County into eight planning districts, this Plan outlined critical areas of concern in each district as well as outlining the current residential growth in each district. The 1983 Plan contained an even more detailed analysis of existing land uses and their future potential. This Plan was

CHAPTER 1: Introduction

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the first to include a Future Land Use Map and future land use designations as well as outlines for potential policy guidance.

The 1995 Comprehensive Plan was the first truly comprehensive plan written for Horry County. Just four years later, the 1999 Comprehensive Plan was adopted. The first of the "modern" Comprehensive Plans, this Plan followed a similar format to IMAGINE 2040, including the population, economic, natural resources, cultural resources, community facilities, housing, and land use chapters. This was the first Plan to outline goals and implementation strategies.

The latest Comprehensive Plan, Envision 2025, again follows a similar format to IMAGINE 2040 in that it contains many of the same chapters (with the exception of the Transportation and Priority Investment Chapters which were new additions mandated by the State of South Carolina, and the Public Safety Chapter which is an addition determined necessary by the IMAGINE 2040 Committee). The Land Use Chapter from Envision 2025 followed a corridor strategy which highlighted urban, suburban, and rural roadways as well as urban, transitional, and rural areas for future types and intensities of development. An important component of Envision 2025 was the designated Economic Activity Centers, many of which have transitioned into the IMAGINE 2040 Future Land Use Map.

THE PROCESS Creating this Comprehensive Plan was a three-step process during which planning staff and IMAGINE 2040 Steering Committee Members conducted a thorough inventory of existing conditions, updated statistical information, researched, and drafted each of the twelve chapters. Multiple opportunities for public comment were provided throughout the process. A timeline (shown below) and process graphic (shown to the right) explain this in greater detail.

IMAGINE 2040 STEERING COMMITTEE The IMAGINE 2040 Steering Committee was established by the Planning Commission in December 2017. The fourteen-person committee was comprised of a variety of expertise, including real estate, economic development, environmental, agricultural professionals, and community

Comprehensive Planning Process

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volunteers. The Steering Committee met eleven times spread over six months. Each meeting was open to the public and advertised on the County Meetings Calendar. Meeting topics included specific examinations of each of the twelve chapters. Meetings were held on the following dates: January 11th, 3:00-4:30pm February 22nd, 4:30-6:00pm March 29th, 4:30-6:00pm April 19th, 4:30-6:00pm April 26th, 4:30-6:00pm May 31st, 4:30-6:00pm June 28th, 4:30-6:00pm July 12th, 4:30-6:00pm July 26th, 11:00am-3:00pm August 16th, 4:30-6:00pm

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Chapter 1: Introduction - 1.4

CHAPTER 1: Introduction

PUBLIC INPUT

Public participation and community involvement is an important component in the comprehensive planning process. The Public Input Summary details all of the key public participation findings.

Public input for the IMAGINE 2040 Comprehensive Plan was gathered via four main methods:

1. Public Meetings. Open houses were held at four locations over the course of a two week period at the beginning of the rewriting process. A fifth open house was held in June to summarize findings and the draft Plan chapters. Open houses were held on the following dates: January 25th, 2018 5:00-6:30pm January 29th, 2018 5:00-6:30pm January 31st, 2018 3:00-4:30pm February 5th, 2018 5:00-6:30pm June 14th, 2018 5:00-6:30pm

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January 25th Open House at the Government and Justice Center in Conway, SC Source: Horry County Planning and Zoning

2. Online and Paper Surveys. A 27 question online survey addressed topics of general demographics, visioning, land use, visual preferences, redevelopment, as well as future needs and concerns. A paper version of the survey was produced and was available at the Planning and Zoning Office, public open houses, and various community groups to distribute. Data gathered from the National Citizens Survey (NCS) was used to influence the IMAGINE 2040 survey. Targeted advertising was used to distribute the survey link. The NCS was also used to influence the IMAGINE 2040 Comprehensive Plan.

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3. Public Comments. The public was encouraged to submit comments throughout the planning process. Comment forms were available at each of the Open Houses and Steering Committee Meetings. In addition, the public had the opportunity to provide comments via a Land Use Mapping Workshop that took place in May. The public was encouraged to email additional comments to IMAGINE2040@horrycounty.org, call and speak directly with a planner, or mail comments to the Planning Department.

4. Land Use Mapping Workshop. With the assistance of staff, the Committee oversaw the Land Use Mapping Workshop with invited attendees from a various institutions, corporations, industries, agencies, local governments, and the public. Approximately 143 potential participants were invited via email and/or letter. Of those 143, 104 participants RSVP'ed their intended attendance before the event. There were approximately 119 total attendees, not including staff and facilitators. Many IMAGINE 2040 Steering Committee Members were also in attendance. Attendees were broken into groups, each representative of a wide array of disciplines, and given instructions for mapping future land uses. Groups were asked to map a variety of future development types as well as determine potential locations for needed community services and facilities. Attendees of the Land Use Mapping Workshop were asked to identify locations where they desired future residential, commercial, industrial, downtown districts, conservation, recreational uses, and commu-

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May 10th Land Use Mapping Workshop at the Government and Justice Center in Conway, SC Source: Horry County Planning and Zoning

nity services and facilities. Participants were grouped at 11 tables to consider future land use patterns and the potential land implications of growth in unincorporated Horry County. Maps included current land uses as well as approved housing developments and numbers for estimated to-be-built multi-family and single-family units in each approved development.

Public Engagement

Equally important to encouraging and receiving public input was maintaining open communication and keeping the public informed about the current status of the comprehensive planning process. An email-update list was created via a surveymonkey.com sign-up form for those interested in staying updated. Social media posts advertising the open houses, IMAGINE 2040 Steering Committee Meetings, distributing the survey link, and email update sign-up were frequently posted on the Horry County Planning and Zoning Facebook page.

Press releases with links to the online survey and information about the open houses were released in December and January. Social media posts were frequently released adversing the survey and open houses. Fliers were distributed at County owned properties including libraries and recreation centers throughout the County. Post card fliers were mailed to over 400 local churches advertising the open houses and survey. An advertisement was run on the Government Information Channel. The survey and open houses were also advertised on the Horry County Government web-page as well as at various other public functions and community group meetings.

Please see the separate Public Input Summary document for additional analysis and findings from the public input opportunities.

Another aspect of maintaining open communication was the creation and maintenance of the IMAGINE 2040 webpage. The webpage link was shared multiple times throughout the process on social media pages, in community groups, and contained links to the County Meeting Calendar and Survey. Along with email, the webpage served as the primary avenue to share updates and the status of the Plan.

ADOPTION AND PUBLIC HEARINGS

The draft IMAGINE 2040 was recommended for approval by the Planning Commission on December 6, 2018. The Planning Commission held two workshops in addition to the public hearing and 30-day public comment period. The following were the meeting dates:

October 4th, 2018 5:30-7:00pm Draft distribution October 25th, 2018 4:30-6:30pm Workshop November 29th, 2018 3:00-4:30pm Workshop December 6th, 2018 5:30-7:00pm Public Hearing

After recommendation by the IMAGINE 2040 Steering Committee and the Planning Commission, the Plan was presented to Horry County Council on the following dates:

July 29, 2019 Workshop First Reading August 13, 2019 Second Reading September 3, 2019 Public Hearing November 21, 2019 Workshop December 10, 2019 3rd Reading and Adoption

GUIDE TO THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

The Plan is a guide for public decision-making. Specifically, the County's elected and appointed officials should use the Plan to evaluate future proposals or policy changes to ensure consistent decisions are made. Furthermore, the Plan provides guidance to land owners and developers on what is appropriate development in the County. This Plan contains a few terms that are used to describe the various policy recommendations:

Vision: the comprehensive, overarching statement of the desired future of the County. The ultimate set of ideals to which the County should aspire.

Goal: a statement of desired end-state or target. Tied very closely to the vision statement and focused on a specific element of the Plan. Provides particular guidance for where the County should be in the future, and sets the tone for the individual strategies for each chapter.

Objective: a recommended course of action or task the County or its designated agency could undertake in pursuit of a Goal and the Vision. Provides focused and achievable guidance on specific topics under the Plan element headings. Ties the implementation of the Plan to the Goals and Vision.

Strategy: specific courses of action to achieve a specific Objective.

The Plan is provided as a comprehensive guide for the County but specific recommendations may apply more in one circumstance than another. The Plan dedicates a chapter section to each element that includes background and conclusions that informed the development of the goals, objectives, and strategies.

CHAPTER 1: Introduction

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THE VISION The vision for IMAGINE 2040 touches on all of the major topics examined by the Committee as well as those highlighted through public input. The vision for Horry County is as follows:

"Horry County will sustain and enhance the quality of life for our residents and visitors by fostering healthy and safe communities, preserving our natural assets and rural heritage, encouraging business growth and economic diversification, and providing services and public facilities that will protect and strengthen our future."

OVERARCHING GOALS OF THE PLAN The guiding principles of the Plan enhance and promote the vision. The principles are the overarching goals of the Plan and are as follows:

Community Character 'Promote a sense of place within our existing and emerging communities by preserving and cultivating their unique character and identities.'

Rural Preservation 'Preserve rural areas and lifestyles, along with natural resources and assets, through land use decisions and policies.'

Revitalization, Redevelopment, and Infill 'Encourage and support community revitalization, redevelopment, and infill development that stabilizes and improves property values, promotes additional reinvestment, and enhances quality of life for our residents.'

Healthy, Livable Communities 'Foster the development of healthy, livable communities in which residents and visitors alike have access to a variety of housing and transportation options, facilities and services, culture and arts, and recreational and natural assets.'

Safe Communities 'Protect the health, safety, and welfare of residents and visitors by providing adequate public safety facilities and services, enforcing and improving regulations, and minimizing incompatible land uses.'

Community Facilities and Services 'Coordinate growth and infrastructure improvements to efficiently and equitably meet the public facility and service needs of our existing and future populations.'

Mobility and Transportation 'Promote development patterns and fund infrastructure projects that result in a well-integrated and maintained transportation system.'

Environmental Sustainability 'Encourage and incentivize sustainable development activities that minimize and mitigate the impact on the natural environment and avoid adverse impacts on existing development.'

Economic Growth 'Develop a more diversified and resilient economy that supports the recruitment and retention of businesses, encourages new investments, capitalizes and expands upon our existing niches, and ultimately results in greater economic stability of our residents and local businesses.'

Community Engagement 'Create an environment in which residents, businesses, and other stakeholders are engaging and informed of planning efforts, regulatory changes, infrastructure projects, and volunteer and partnership opportunities.'

PLAN ELEMENTS

Comprehensive Plans in South Carolina are required to have a minimum of nine elements – population, land use, natural resources, cultural resources, transportation, economic development, affordable housing, community facilities, and priority investment. In addition to these required nine elements, IMAGINE 2040 includes a public safety chapter.

The Population Chapter analyzes historic and current population, demographic trends, and provides reasonable projections of future population growth. This includes the number, size, and characteristics of households, education levels, income characteristics, race, ethnicity, sex, and age distribution. Each of the following chapters of this plan utilize these projections to help shape their recommendations.

Population

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• Historic trends and projections
• Number, size, and characteristics of households
• Education levels and trends
• Income characteristics and trends
• Race, ethnicity, sex, and age distribution and statistics.

The Cultural Resources Chapter focuses on preserving and enhancing the County’s cultural resources. This includes historic sites and structures, beach culture, agricultural heritage, the visual and performing arts community, cultural and outdoor facilities; special events, venues and festivals; historic places and buildings; cultural groups, societies and organizations; unique areas of natural, scenic or archaeological value; and various educational, religious or entertainment offerings.

Cultural Resources

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• Cultural and outdoor facilities
• Special events, venues, and festivals
• Historic places and buildings;
• Cultural groups, societies and organizations;
• Educational, religious or entertainment offerings.

The Natural Resources Chapter examines the physical environment of Horry County and discusses the need to balance development with ecosystem concerns that will provide healthy functioning landscapes and water features for future generations. The following informational topics are analyzed soil types; wetlands; coastal resources; agriculture; forest land; plant and animal habitats; floodplains; scenic areas; and air and water quality.

Natural Resources

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• Soil types
• Wetlands
• Coastal resources
• Agriculture and forested land
• Plant and animal habitats
• Floodplains

The Housing Chapter includes an analysis of the location, type, age, condition, tenure, and affordability of housing. It also includes an analysis of the regulatory environment to determine unnecessary barriers to the provision of affordable housing.

Housing

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• Analysis of the location, type, age, condition, tenure, and affordability of housing
• Analysis of the regulatory environment
• Analysis of affordable housing

The Community Facilities Chapter provides an assessment of existing conditions, projects future needs based on projected population growth, and provides recommendations on how to implement and fund these proposals. It analyzes existing and future needs for water supply, waste water treatment, solid waste collection and disposal, medical services, general government facilities, education facilities, parks, and libraries.

Community Facilities

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• Water supply, waste water treatment
• Solid waste collection and disposal
• Medical services
• General government facilities
• Education facilities
• Parks and libraries

CHAPTER 1: Introduction

Public Safety

The Public Safety Chapter provides an assessment of existing services by Police, Fire and Rescue, Animal Control, and Emergency Management. It highlights existing needs, projects future needs based on population and development trends, and provides recommendations on how to better serve the people of Horry County in the future.

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• ● Police
• ● Fire
• ● Rescue
• ● Animal Control
• ● Emergency Management

Transportation

The Transportation Chapter offers strategies to maximize the efficiency of the County's road network while promoting policies for alternative transportation choices to reduce dependency on automobiles. It provides an analysis of the County's existing road network while assessing existing deficiencies, and outlining future needs.

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• ● Analysis of the County's existing road network
• ● Assesses existing deficiencies
• ● Projects Future needs

Economic Development

The Economic Development Chapter promotes diverse, resilient economic policies that encourage quality job creation which allow citizens to remain in Horry County in employment that requires knowledge, talent, training, and compensates with higher-paying jobs. This chapter provides an analysis of the current economic condition while focusing on how to build on the County's existing assets along with diversifying its economic base.

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• ● Analysis of the current economic condition
• ● Focuses on how to build on existing assets
• ● Encourages diversifying the economic base

Priority Investments

The Priority Investment Chapter ties the capital improvement needs identified in other chapter to forecasted revenues for the next ten years. It is, in essence, a ten-year Capital Improvements Plan that is meant to guide the County's five-year Capital Improvements Program (CIP) and annual budgeting processes.

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• ● 10-year Capital Improvements Plan
• ● Guides the five-year Capital Improvements Program (CIP)
• ● Guides annual budgeting processes.

Land Use

The Land Use Chapter outlines policies that build on the recommendations of previous plans, land development studies, and public input. The recommendations within this element are critical to providing Horry County direction. This chapter provides an analysis of existing development patterns, recent planning, plan implementation efforts, a vision for future land use, and growth management policies.

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• ● Analysis of existing development patterns
• ● Analysis of recent planning
• ● Analysis of plan implementation efforts
• ● Creates a vision for future land use and growth management policies

PLAN AMENDMENTS, REVIEWS, AND UPDATES

In accordance with the provisions of the South Carolina Local Government Comprehensive Planning Enabling Act, the Planning Commission must review the Comprehensive Plan at least every 5 years, and update the Plan when appropriate, or at least every 10 years. Beyond the required 5-year review, Planning Commission and County Council may opt to update the Plan or components of it if there are significant changes in the economy, development trends, or the completion of major infrastructure projects. All area, community, and neighborhood plans, in addition to specialty plans like the Historic Preservation Plan, Parks and Open Space Plan, and Beach Management Plan shall be adopted as amendments to the Comprehensive Plan.

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CHAPTER 2: POPULATION

INTRODUCTION The population chapter examines population trends and describes the demographic composition of Horry County residents. Population growth and composition influences land use decisions, determines housing and infrastructure needs, and impacts the local economy. Horry County’s population continues to grow, an increased demand for public safety, community services, and facilities will also increase, as well as the desire for cultural resources along with access to natural spaces. Studying a community’s population is fundamental to any comprehensive plan. Horry County will need to continue to monitor the permanent and short-term population into the future to inform decision-making.

POPULATION GROWTH According to 2015 population estimates, Horry County has approximately 309,199 permanent residents. The County has experienced rapid growth since the 1970s, adding over 250,000 permanent residents since that time. In just the last 15 years, there were seen an influx of over 100,000 residents. The County has one of the highest population growth rates in the State and is now the fourth most populous county in South Carolina, behind Greenville, Richland, and Charleston counties respectively.

The 2015 total population estimate reflects a 14.8% increase or 39,908 more people since 2010. This reflects growth that occurred even during a major economic downturn. These numbers are only expected to escalate. The population is projected to grow to 584,500 by 2040. While the projections were refined by the Waccamaw Regional Council of Governments and Horry County Planning and Zoning, population growth is occurring faster than anticipated. It is important to note that the 2020 population projections are already being surpassed that were developed in 2017 by the South Carolina Budget and Control Board. Note that these population numbers and projections do not account for seasonal population, including snowbirds that live in the area for the cooler months and tourist and seasonal work population during the summer months. These estimates will need to be revisited after the release of the 2020 Census.

MUNICIPAL GROWTH Over the last three decades, all municipalities, with the exceptions of Atlantic Beach, Aynor, and Surfside Beach, have gained population; however, unincorporated areas have accounted for most of the growth in recent years. As of 2015, there were 76,118 people that lived in area municipalities, while 233,081 lived in unincorporated Horry County, making up 75.7% of the total County population.

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Sources: Historic population - Census. Projections - SC Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office and Research, and Horry County Planning & Zoning.

Incorporated vs. Unincorporated Population Growth, 1980-2015

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Source: American Community Survey, 2011- 2015

Municipal Population Growth, 1980-2015

US Census 1980-2010; American Community Survey 2015 Estimates (ID #B01003)

POPULATION CHANGE

Historically, Horry County’s population has primarily resided along the beach front and near area waterways. Since the 2000 Census, Horry County’s population has grown further away from the beach, along major highway corridors. Burgess, Socastee, Forestbrook, and Carolina Forest have seen the most growth. Conway, Little River, and the Hwy 90 corridor have also seen considerable population growth. These areas are expected to see an increase in development into the future, as many new subdivisions have been preliminarily approved in these growth areas, but remain to be constructed.

Population growth from 2011-2015 was mainly being driven by individuals that were relocating to Horry County from neighboring Southern States (50,959 people), other counties in South Carolina (30,959 people), and from the Northeast (31,379 people). Since 2010, an estimated 139,319 people moved to Horry County. It is estimated that for domestic migration roughly 36 out of every 1,000 residents and for international migration roughly 369 out of every 1000 residents remain in Horry County (US Census Bureau, migration rates calculated by Governing July 2017).

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Source: American Community Survey, 2011- 2015

Chapter 2: Population - 2.2

CHAPTER 2: Population

POPULATION DENSITY New residents are largely moving into the areas east of the Waccamaw River to be close to the beach. This is due, in part, to those area's proximity to job centers, housing opportunities, and zoning regulations.

The map below delineates areas of high population density and urban land use resulting in a representation of the "urban footprint." There are two types of urban areas: 1- urbanized areas that contain 50,000 or more people; and 2- small urban clusters that contain at least 2,500 people, but fewer than 50,000 people.

⬚ figure Source: American Community Survey, 2011-2015

⬚ figure This map displays population density per square mile. Source: 2015 Population Estimates by Census Block Group.

Chapter 2: Population - 2.3

POPULATION PROJECTIONS

Population projections enable the County to take present action to accommodate future conditions. Projections can help determine the demand for future facilities and services. Making plans in a rapidly changing, high growth area such as Horry County is difficult. Population projections through 2035 were derived from the SC Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office. The 2040 projections and distribution of growth throughout the County was further refined by Horry County Planning and Zoning. Estimates show that the Myrtle Beach CCD (County Census Division) and Floyds CCD will grow the least, both with 55.7% increases (or roughly 59,060 and 1,788 people respectively). The Conway CCD will grow the second least with a 63.2% increase (or roughly 29,049 people). The highest population growth rates are projected to be Conway East CCD with 130.5% (or roughly 104,734 more people) and the Longs CCD with a 367.6% increase (or roughly 27,908 more people). By far, the greatest number of residents will live in Conway East and Myrtle Beach CCDs, accounting for roughly 60% of the population by 2040.

These estimates were developed in 2017 and will need to be revisited when the 2020 Census data is available. If seasonal population is included, these numbers easily reach over 1/2 million on any given day during peak tourist season.

Source: 2017, SC Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office and Horry County Planning & Zoning. Numbers highlighted in yellow were provided by the SC Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office, while 2040 projections and the breakdown by County Census Division, shown in orange, were developed by Horry County Planning & Zoning.

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Source: 2017, SC Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office and Horry County Planning & Zoning.

CHAPTER 2: Population

SEASONAL POPULATION

According to the Myrtle Beach Area Chamber of Commerce, approximately 17.95 million tourists visited the Grand Strand area in 2016. The chart below illustrates that 2016 was an all-time high for the number of visitors to the Myrtle Beach area with numbers steadily increasing since 2009. Also noted from the graph is the decrease in visitors following the recession in 2008. It is important to note that these numbers include visitors for the entire Strand (including the South Strand, which includes parts of Georgetown County), not just those who visited Horry County (Myrtle Beach 2016 Economic Impact Study, 2017).

Estimated Number of Visitors (in millions)

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Source: D.K. Shifflet & Associates for Statistical Abstract for the the Myrtle Beach Area, Myrtle Beach Area Chamber of Commerce

Myrtle Beach Area Chamber of Commerce survey shows that most visitors originate from within a one day car drive. North Carolina alone provides 15% of visitors, while 55% come from New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia, and West Virginia (Myrtle Beach Chamber of Commerce Conversion Study, 2013). The primary travel party type to Myrtle Beach is families at 61% and the average length of stay along the Grand Strand was six days for leisure travelers and three days for business travelers. Further, approximately 85% of visitors were under the age of 65, with 50% between the ages of 35 and 54.

Horry County’s Solid Waste Authority (SWA) calculates the equivalent full-time tourist population for a six day stay to be roughly 96.51% of the resident population (Horry County Solid Waste Management Plan, 2018). Using the same calculation method, the full-time tourist population in 2040 will be roughly 564,100 people. Adding the projected full-time tourist population to the full-time resident population projection for 2040 shows a population of roughly 1.15 million people.

ACADEMIC STUDENT POPULATION

In addition to the tourists that visit the area each year, Coastal Carolina University (CCU) and Horry-Georgetown Technical College (HGTC) have been experiencing a growing student population. The traditional academic year starts at the end of August and continues until the beginning of May. For academic year 2016-2017, CCU and HGTC had a combined total enrollment of 19,828 students.

Student Enrollment in Horry County by Geographic Origin

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Source: Coastal Carolina University, 2016

Typically, students reside in Horry County during the academic year. Of all undergraduate students (9,747) at CCU during fall semester 2016, 49% were out-of-state residents. Of all graduate students (732) at CCU, 21% were out-of-state residents (CCU, 2016). Comparatively, 16.6% of HGTC's students are not originally from South Carolina (HGTC, 2016).

CCU will continue to have an impact on Horry County. Their Master Plan indicates a target enrollment of 12,500 students in 2021. Coastal Carolina Alumni data indicates that the number of CCU graduates with valid County addresses, who graduated between 2000 and 2017, is 6,622.

HGTC has three locations: Georgetown, Conway, and Myrtle Beach. With a combined offering of over 80 associate degree, diploma, and certificate programs, HGTC is the fourth largest of 16 technical colleges in South Carolina.

POPULATION GROWTH FINDINGS

Between 2000 and 2015, the population of Horry County has grown more than twice the growth rate of South Carolina. Population projections anticipate that this high growth rate is expected to continue over next several decades. By 2040, Horry County is projected to add yet another 275,000 people to its current population, nearly doubling in year round residents.

As population density increases in urban and suburban areas, services and facilities will need to expand to meet growing demand. Horry County will also need to continue to address the needs of seasonal and academic student populations.

DEMOGRAPHICS

Population composition is an important part of the this chapter because it takes into account special populations with unique needs. Sex, race, ethnicity, age, household composition, education, income and poverty together help describe residents.

AGE AND SEX

Consistent with the National trend, baby boomers make up

Chapter 2: Population - 2.5

a large portion of the population. Using the 2016 population estimates published by The United States Census Bureau, the proportion of people ages 55 and older in Horry County is roughly 37%, compared to the South Carolina average of 28.9% and the national average of 27%. Similarly to the national average, Horry County has roughly 2% more females age 55 and older compared to males. Interestingly, the death rate is higher than the birth rate in Horry County. For every four births there are roughly five deaths.

Interestingly, Horry County’s population of 20-29 year olds has remained relatively stagnant. This could be due to the fluctuation of student population, the desire for college age young adults to move elsewhere for higher education, and the Census’ difficulty in capturing college students unless local to Horry County. In addition, the sharp contrast in population between 20-29 year olds and 30-54 year olds could be due to people moving back to the area after completing college or influx of non-locals moving into the area.

In 2011, the County’s ages 55 and older population exceeded its ages 30 to 54 population. Compared to other high tourist and retirement destinations, Horry County’s median age is slightly lower than Florida destinations and slightly higher than other South Carolina destinations. The map to the right illustrates the elderly population density which accounts for people ages 65 years and older. These areas are consistent with development trends (see Land Use Chapter). Many retirees live in these areas due to their proximity to tourist amenities, service facilities, and the beach.

Change in Age and Sex Composition from 2010 to 2016

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Source: American Community Survey, 2010 - 2016

Median Age Comparison to Other Tourist and Retirement Destinations

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey

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This map displays Population Density for People 65 years and older, shown by Census Block Group. Source: 2015 American Community Survey.

Chapter 2: Population - 2.6

CHAPTER 2: Population

Age Distribution in Horry County, 2010 to 2015

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey

Population Composition by Age and Sex United States, 2010 ⬚ figure South Carolina, 2010 ⬚ figure Horry County, 2016 ⬚ figure

The map to the right illustrates the density of children under the age of 18. Mapping density such as this helps determine where services (such as schools and playgrounds) are needed. A notable trend, male children ages 19 and under out number female children. This is consistent to the national average. Areas that have higher children densities are also consistent with development trends (see Land Use Chapter). These areas are in greater demand and can place a higher demand on services and facilities. These statistics help Horry County predict and supply needed services for children, families, and seniors.

According to estimations based on average life expectancy, the overall population of the "Baby Boomer" generation, born roughly between 1945-1965, will greatly diminish between 2033 and 2048. While this will potentially impact the State and country significantly, it is expected to have less of an impact on Horry County. This is mostly due to the continued probability that Horry County will remain a retirement destination for future generations.

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Source: American Community Survey, 2010 - 2016

This map displays density of children per square mile by Census Block Group. Source: 2015 American Community Survey

RACE Horry County's racial diversity remained relatively the same between 1990 and 2015, with minor fluctuations in composition. The white population percentage has been slowly decreasing (note that the population is rising, but the percentage is decreasing), but remains close to 80%. Similarly, the Black or African American population percentage has been steadily decreasing from approximately 17% to roughly 13%. Hispanic or Latino populations have been steadily increasing from under 1% in 1990 to 6.1% in 2015. Starting with the Census in 2000, respondents for the first time were given the choice of selecting one or more race categories to indicate their racial identities. Persons who responded to the category “Two or More Races” have slowly increased from 2,105 persons, or 1.1% of the population in 2000, to 4,574 persons or 1.5% of the Horry County populace in 2015. Some of the decrease in White and Black or African American identified races could be attributed to the inclusion of the “Two or More Races” and “Other” categories as well as the increase in “Hispanic or Latino” category.

The map to the right illustrates areas of high minority population density. In other words, areas where minority populations live in close proximity to each other. The highest density minority populations can be found primarily in the City of Conway, the City of Myrtle Beach, and in Socastee. Other dense minority populations can be found in Burgess, Carolina Forest, the area surrounding Conway, Longs, Loris, and North Myrtle Beach.

Racial Composition of Horry County, 1990 to 2015

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey and Demographic Estimates 1990 - 2015

HOUSEHOLDS The U.S. Census Bureau defines a “Family Household” as a category that has at least one member related to the householder either by birth, marriage, or adoption. Contrary, “Non-Family Households” consist of people either living alone or households in which members do not have any natural or marital kinship to the householder.

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This map displays density of minorities per square mile by Census Block Group. Source: 2015 American Community Survey.

CHAPTER 2: Population

The household composition of South Carolina compared to the neighboring states of North Carolina and Georgia is consistent across the various categories. South Carolina has fewer total housing units than the other two states, at 1,815,094, with Georgia and North Carolina both over three million total housing units. In the category of “with children under 18,” South Carolina (30.7%) is slightly below North Carolina (31.5%) and Georgia (34.8%).

Percentage of Family and Non-Family Households, 2015

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Source: American Community Survey 2011-2015

South Carolina, and specifically Horry County, also have household compositions consistent with national averages. In 2015, 64.4 %, or 76,467 Horry County residents were living within family households, while 35.6% (42,270) were living in non-family households either alone or with partners of any unmarried relationship. Over the last forty-five years, the number of traditional family households has been steadily declining. Married couple (husband-wife) households have been losing their overall share at a parallel rate. The U.S. estimate for family households is 66.8%, compared to the Horry County estimate for family households of 64.4%. Horry County is just over the national average of 33.2% for non-family households at 35.6% (ACS, 2011-2015). The chart on the top right illustrates the household composition of Horry County in 2010 and 2015 respectively.

Household Composition of Horry County, 2010 and 2015

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Source: American Community Survey 2011-2015, Occupancy Characteristics

The average household size grew from 2.37 to 2.43 between 2010 and 2016, a strong indication that family sizes and non-traditional households are growing in our area (see chart below). Little River and the Myrtle Beach CCDs average less than 2.3 people per household, while all other areas of the County on average range from 2.53 to 2.72 people per household. This is reflective of where retirees live versus families with children. The overall County average household size is 2.37.

Household Size According to CCD

Source: American Community Survey 2011-2015

EDUCATION

In comparison to national education attainment numbers, Horry County fares better in high school attainment but low in educational attainment for 25 years and older with at least a Bachelor's degree. As illustrated previously, the population of 20-29 year olds in Horry County has remained consistent while other age brackets have steadily increased. Much of this consistency could be due to students graduating high school and moving away to find work or to seek higher education.

The chart below describes the educational attainment of Horry County. Over roughly 88.5% of Horry County residents 25 years and older have received at least a high school diploma or its equivalent compared to the national average of 86.7%. In comparison, 22.8% of the population of 25 years and over possessed a bachelor's degree or higher in 2015, compared to the national average of 29.8%.

Educational Attainment in Horry County, 2015

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Source: American Community Survey 2011-2015, Educational Attainment

Horry County reported in 2016 that they had a 81.1% graduation rate. The graduation rate is based on the percentage of students enrolled in 9th grade four years earlier, meaning roughly 18.9% of students drop out, were held back, moved

Chapter 2: Population - 2.9

away, or failed to complete the full diploma after 4 years. In 2016, Horry County Schools officials reported that 78% of those that graduated planned to attend college.

INCOME

This section analyzes income on a county and regional level. The greater Grand Strand and Pee Dee regions expand over state and county boundaries and also include Brunswick and Columbus counties in North Carolina. Income levels in Horry County have increased substantially from 1989 to 2015. While this seems optimistic, in reality most of this increase is due to inflation. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics consumer price index, the dollar experienced an average inflation rate of 2.41% per year. Prices in 2015 are 81.3% higher than prices in 1990. In other words, $24,959 in the year 1990 is equivalent in purchasing power to $45,261.72 in 2015, a difference of $20,302.72 over 25 years. This means that the purchasing power of the median income has actually decreased by 4.4%.

In 2015, the median household income in Horry County was $43,299, slightly lower than the state average of $45,483. Although Horry County has been gaining overall population, the median incomes of households still remain below the state average.

Regional Household Income Comparison

Source: American Community Survey 2011-2015

A more precise way of analyzing and comparing local with regional and state income patterns is on a per capita basis. Whereas the “Median Household Income” represents a middle value that results in two evenly distributed income groups, one below and one above the median value per household, the “Per Capita Income” reflects the average obtained by dividing the entire income of Horry County by its total population. Consequently, within a more diverse society it represents a more suitable variable.

In both 1999 ($19,949) and 2009 ($24,790), Horry County had the highest per capita income in the six-county area of northeastern South Carolina; however in 2015 ($24,094), Horry County had the third highest. The County’s per capita income dropped by $696 from 2009 to 2015, placing it below the state’s per capita income of $24,604. Some of this change can be attributed to the economic downturn during that same time period. With much of the economy and jobs reliant on the housing and tourism industries in Horry County, the downturn had a significant impact on housing prices and production, as well as tourism (see section on Seasonal Population) thereby resulting in lower income and fewer jobs in those industries.

Regional Household Per Capita Income

Source: American Community Survey 2011-2015, Median Household Income

Median Household Income Distribution, 2015 ⬚ figure Source: American Community Survey 2011-2015

Income distribution is reflected in the pie chart above. Amongst all household income brackets in 2015, those between $35,000 and $74,999, the group considered Middle to Upper Middle Class, were most represented at 37.2%. Yet, 39.7% of households in Horry County made less than $35,000, and 14.1% made less than $14,999 per year in 2015. 4.4% of households made incomes of more than $150,000 in 2015.

Another element of income to note is the pay disparity between sexes. The chart below illustrates the average incomes of both sexes for various educational attainment levels in Horry County. It is important to note that while no data on racial income disparities is available for Horry County, nationally, and in South Carolina, there are income disparities between races.

Median Earnings Based on Educational Attainment and Sex

Source: American Community Survey 2011-2015

CHAPTER 2: Population

POVERTY

The percent of the population living below the poverty level in the United States is 15.5%. South Carolina (17.9%) and Horry County (18.1%) both have higher poverty rates than the national average. South Carolina is ranked 15th in the US for the highest percentage of the population below the poverty level, and Horry County is ranked 34th in South Carolina for percentage of population below the poverty level. In 2015, the official poverty threshold for a family of four in South Carolina was $24,250.

The number of all people living below the poverty level in Horry County in 2015 was 51,988 persons or 18.1% of the overall population. The relative percentage of people living below the poverty level in Horry County is the least within all the surrounding counties except Brunswick County, North Carolina with a smaller value of 16.3%. Horry County's Poverty Level is just over the percent of the population below poverty level for South Carolina (17.9%) and North Carolina (17.4%).

6.3% of Horry County residents below the poverty level worked full-time, year-round in the past 12 months, 41.5% worked less than full-time, year-round in the past 12 months, and 36.9% did not work. As the amount of residents below poverty level increases, in particular the number of residents unemployed below the poverty level, the amount of expendable money by residents decreases. Thus leading to negative economic impacts for the County. It is important to note that many social services allocated by the state allow families to qualify even if they do not fall below the poverty level. For example, in order for the children of a family of four to qualify for full Medicaid the family must make less than $32,319. Poverty is not solely an urban issue. This largely impacts rural communities with limited access to jobs. This fact is well illustrated in the map to the right, which shows large low to moderate income areas throughout rural Horry County, Socastee, and within the cities of Conway and Loris.

Percent of Population Below Poverty Level for Horry County and South Carolina, 1989-2015

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Source: American Community Survey 2011-2015

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⬚ figure Source: HUD. 2011-2015 American Community Survey. 2019 Update.

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

One of the most important elements of analyzing population data is recognizing trends and overlaps. In order to prevent discriminatory negative public health, or environmental effects on vulnerable and minority populations, Horry County must first determine where these populations are concentrated and where these discriminatory impacts are likely to exist. It is important to note that these areas are not framed in negative terms and should not be considered an obstacle for potential growth. Minority and vulnerable populations want vibrant businesses that add to their economic base without harming their individual health and well-being. In addition, they have similar needs in terms of community character and quality of life standards.

Looking at the following maps, it is obvious that there is a correlation between the percent minority map (to the far right) and the low-to-moderate income map (previous page). The areas highlighted are places that have greater percentages of minorities than the state average. Knowing where low-to-moderate income areas are can help with prioritizing public program, housing, and infrastructure improvements. It is also an important qualifying factor for many grant applications.

Limited English proficiency (map to the middle right) refers to anyone above the age of 5 who reported speaking English less than "very well," as classified by the U.S. Census Bureau. Nationwide, the Limited English population represented 8% of the total U.S. population ages 5 and older. In South Carolina, this number is less than 6% of the population. In Horry County, it was less than 2.2% of all households (2,514 households) in 2015. Despite these numbers being low, there are areas of the County that have a greater percentage of households with low English proficiency than state averages.

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Horry County Planning and Zoning utilizes the EPA's Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tool (EJSCREEN) to review rezoning cases (https://www.epa.gov/ejscreen). While this tool informs staff of population and environmental concerns based off of national averages, Planning and Zoning staff also work to identify when areas exceed state percentages. The trends in this population data need to be continually analyzed and monitored by staff. Findings should be taken into account for rezonings, potential residential development, mining, outdoor shooting or other public nuisance activities, and economic development.

Chapter 2: Population - 2.12

CHAPTER 2: Population

VETERANS Horry County is the home to roughly 27,341 veterans according to the 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. This accounts for roughly 25,435 males and 1,906 females. Horry County Veterans Affairs reports that only 7,784 veterans in the County receive Veteran Benefits, of those roughly 93% are male.

Veteran Benefits by Sex ⬚ figure Source: American Community Survey 2012-2016

The highest number of veterans served in the Vietnam era and the second highest in the Gulf War, roughly 12,153 and 4,017 respectively. When compared to similar southern tourist and retirement destinations, Horry County has statistically more veterans than other SC destinations, but fewer than FL destinations.

Number of Veteran Residents Comparison ⬚ figure Source: American Community Survey 2012-2016

HEALTH Obesity In 2013, the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control found that on average 32% of adults (age 18 and older) in Horry County were overweight, while 37.4% were obese. Comparatively, the SC averages were 34.7% and 31.8% respectively. This means that while Horry County has fewer adults who were overweight, there are approximately 3% more obese compared to the entire state. Children’s overweight and obese percentages were comparable to state averages.

Obesity and Diabetes Rate Comparisons ⬚ figure Source: American Community Survey 2012-2016

Percentage of Overweight and Obese Residents in Horry County and South Carolina ⬚ figure Source: South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, 2013 Horry County Obesity Fact Sheet

The availability of parks and access to natural spaces has been proven to have a positive influence on physical and mental health. Community design with the availability of open spaces and recreation areas strongly influence people’s level of physical activity, which directly correlates to weight. Individuals that live in walkable communities spend more time doing physical activities than those that live in neighborhoods that are not walkable.

In addition, living close to parks and other recreational facilities consistently correlates to higher activity levels for adults and youth, resulting in lower obesity rates (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2016). Designing walkable communities with access to outdoor spaces is important to consider with future development, as the rates of obesity have risen dramatically since the 1970s. Providing access to recreation and natural spaces will have a positive influence on the physical health of residents and visitors of the County.

Mental Health While there are many physical health benefits of living near and utilizing recreational assets, the mental health benefits of spending time in nature does not always require the same physical activity. Scenic views, such as the beach or waterways, are known to have restorative and mental health benefits (Lothian, 2010). For so many people, this is why they vacation at the beach and eventually retire here. Numerous studies document the positive impacts that recreation can have on mental health, from reducing depression and relieving stress, to improving quality of life in a variety of ways, to helping people to feel better about both their surroundings and themselves. Increased happiness and respect for the natural environment can also result in an increased sense of community pride.

Disability

In 2015, there were 47,339 people, or 16.4% of the total population, in Horry County with a disability. This is compared to 12.4% in the US and 14.4% in South Carolina. The majority of residents with a disability are 65 years of age and older (75.5%). This can be explained by the increase in the elderly population in the County over the past 25 years. Further, 31.7% of veterans in Horry County are with a disability.

Employment Status by Disability Status

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Source: American Community Survey 2011-2015

The chart above illustrates the employment status of the Horry County population with a disability. Of the disabled population, 16,413 or 35% were not in the labor force as of 2015. As the number of residents not in the labor force increases, the amount of money expendable by residents decreases and the amount expended on social services increases.

Nationwide, 1 in every 59 children has been identified with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. Nearly one-fifth of all Americans -- more than 56 million men, women, and children -- have a physical, sensory or intellectual disability and 38.3 million have a severe disability (US Census, 2010). People with disabilities constitute the nation’s largest minority group. There are over 4,000 individuals with Autism and intellectual disabilities in Horry County (Medicaid Secondary Data Study Conducted by SOS and Dr. Stephen Firsing of CCU).

CONCLUSIONS

Continued monitoring of population trends is necessary. This information should be utilized to inform public service needs. It can also be used to evaluate impact of government decisions on specific communities.

Analyzing the latest demographic data by age groups, it becomes apparent that Horry County’s population is growing with the most increase happening during retirement ages. This fact, combined with population projections, indicates that the County will need to take a special focus on providing services. While still providing for the needs of school-age children, Horry County must position itself to provide physical and social support to older residents. The aging population will seek recreational and human service facilities that are readily accessible from their homes; many may desire smaller housing units close to shopping and community services with fewer lawn maintenance needs.

As areas between the Waccamaw River and coast become more densely populated, it will become increasingly important to monitor and predict the needs of residents in the Burgess, Forestbrook, Socastee, Carolina Forest, and Little River areas. Safety services, parks and recreational services and facilities, housing, and land use will all need to reflect the growing and changing needs of these populations. As household demographics change, so will their housing needs.

In addition, as population continues to steadily rise, it will become ever-more important for Horry County officials and staff to continually improve development and zoning regulations to reflect increasing needs of long term residents as well as seasonal and academic populations.

Horry County should coordinate with Coastal Carolina University and Horry Georgetown Technical College to encourage and promote long-term retention of young professional and post high school educated populations. In addition, addressing and mitigating the potential causes of income gaps between males, females and races should be of priority.

Continuing to monitor and improve environmental justice issues is also critical in Horry County. Planning and Zoning staff must continue to work to identify when areas exceed state percentages and take this information into account for rezonings and potential development.

Decisions made by the County government will need to reflect the changing needs of this more diverse and growing population, particularly those needs regarding income, age and ethnicity.

CHAPTER 3: CULTURAL RESOURCES

INTRODUCTION

From shag dancing to folk art, Horry County celebrates its culture in a variety of ways. The County is fortunate to be steeped in history and culture. Managing cultural resources means preserving history and heritage, public art, music, and physical spaces devoted to cultural activities, such as churches, museums, libraries and art galleries. Planning for the future of cultural resources is of the utmost importance because preserving the individual character and significance of each of these places and practices contributes to the overall community essence of the County.

The Cultural Resources chapter catalogs and analyzes various cultural resources including facilities, special events, festivals, and cultural groups. As the population continues to grow, it will become necessary to protect and promote the irreplaceable heritage of Horry County and its people, as well as sustaining and enhancing the functions provided by the various cultural facilities and organizations that exist.

HISTORY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

While several Indigenous peoples inhabited this area centuries before European settlers, Horry County's relative isolation geographically from inland South Carolina has greatly influenced its development and settlement. Isolation for Horry County's early population was exacerbated by the border of the County to the south and west by the Little Pee Dee River, the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and bisection by the Waccamaw River. In addition to this, it is dominated by natural wetlands and swampy conditions. None-the-less, several Native American tribes and European settlements established themselves, and with innovations in agriculture, technology and industry Horry County began to grow in population.

AMERICAN INDIANS

Historically, Horry County's original inhabitants were several small American Indian tribes including the Pee Dees, Chicora, Sirans, Cape Fears, and Waccamaws. It is estimated that in the early 1600s there were approximately 30 individual tribes existing in South Carolina (SCIWAY, 2018). While very little remains of these tribes, many of the geographic and natural resources retain American Indian names, paying homage to the Indigenous roots of the region.

Two tribes remain and actively work to preserve American Indian culture in Horry County. The Waccamaw Indian People were the first tribe recognized by the state of South Carolina in 2005. In February 2018, their estimated membership was roughly 450 (SouthStrandNews, 2018). Early settlement maps date the Waccamaw Indian People back to the early Dimery Settlement which was located in what is now the Dog Bluff area. They were skilled in animal domestation and often had deer, ducks, geese, and chickens. In communal and private gardens, the Waccamaw farmed and harvested corn, pumpkins, kidney and lima beans, squash, melons, and tobacco (Waccamaw Indian People of Conway, 2018). In 2004, the tribe received roughly 20 acres of their ancestral homeland near the Dimery Settlement and established the Waccamaw Tribal Grounds.

The Chicora Indian Tribe, while not recognized by the State of South Carolina, is one of the oldest tribes that reside in Horry County. Originally located closer to the Horry and Georgetown County lines, the Chicora were known for their river, saltwater marsh, and sea fishing. The Chicora now identify the Hickory Grove area as the Chicora Tribal Grounds where they hold monthly meetings (Chicora Indian People of South Carolina, 2018).

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Annual Cultural Arts Festival and Pauwau Source: https://discoversouthcarolina.com/products/27974

American Indian Cultural Events

Both the Chicora Indian Tribe and the Waccamaw Indian People participate in the Annual Cultural Arts Festival and Pauwau held annually in the fall. This gathering features food vendors , local crafts, handcrafted clothing, and traditional dancing.

EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT

Horry County's geographic isolation, diverse natural resources, and landscapes made it a unique place for many who settled here. From second sons of English noblemen to pirates, fishermen, fur traders, to loggers and farmers, the beauty and wealth of the land has attracted people ever since its exploration and has spurred the development of settlements throughout the territory.

Early European settlement in the 1600s was limited by the natural swampy conditions and Little Pee Dee River boundary (Horry County Historic Resources Survey, 2007). By the early 1700s, European settlement began to concentrate in the Little River area due in part to its location along the King's Highway. It was not until the 1730s, when land grants became available, that widely distributed settling began.

THE INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC

Townships in South Carolina started in 1730 when surveyors employed by England’s King George II laid out eleven townships. At that time, the Kings Town Township encompassed much of what is now the City of Conway. In 1769, the Kings Town Township became part of the Georgetown District, where in 1785 it would become known as Kingston County. It was not until 1801 that the Horry District was founded in honor of Peter Horry, a lieutenant colonel in the Revolutionary War, a brigadier general in the S.C. Militia, and later the area’s representation to the South Carolina State House.

In the 1820s, Henry Buck of Bucksport, Maine moved to the area to start a timber industry utilizing the area’s significant cypress, pine, and hardwood forests. Establishing three mills, one in Bucksport and two in Bucksville, Buck contributed to Horry County’s status as one of the five greatest timber-producing districts in South Carolina and Bucksville becoming the third largest port in South Carolina. In April 1875, the largest wooden ship, the Henrietta, built in South Carolina was built at Bucksville, also known as Middle Mill, bringing further fame to the area.

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The Henrietta, built in Bucksville, spent 19 years on the Pacific Ocean before being destroyed in a Typhon near Japan in 1894.

Source: Horry County Museum

In 1852, Horry County’s became known as the “Independent Republic” stemming from its physical, economic, and political isolation before the Civil War. This isolation likely saved it from the battles and destruction that befell Charleston and Columbia (South Strand News, 2018). However, salt was an important commodity and the County had salt works locations in Myrtle Beach, Murrells Inlet, and Little River. All were destroyed by Union Soldiers, which was a blow to the Confederate cause. Horry County also supplied turpentine, pitch, naval stores, and meat (Ted Gragg, 2018).

In 1868, Horry District was renamed Horry County. In 1869, by order of the South Carolina General Assembly, Horry County was divided into ten townships. Within each of these townships, other communities formed, many preceding the 1869 township creations. Many of these community, township and place names remain on modern day maps. And many Horry County citizens still identify their communities and hometowns by these cultural namesakes.

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Although the County was spared from severe destruction, the post-Civil War years were nonetheless difficult. Due to outbreaks of diseases and generally ailing economy the economic situation was depressed.

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Train Service on Main Street in Conway Source: Horry County Museum

The economic turmoil led to the closure of most of the naval shipyards along the Waccamaw River, and had a negative effect on local employment and income. This was somewhat compensated by the growing popularity and suitability of planting tobacco along with the arrival of the railroad into Conway in 1887 and to the beach in 1901, which provided welcomed relief.

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Historic Tobacco Barn: Drying Tobacco Source: Horry County Museum