Yep.

Put the problem on them, put them all back.

Three inches.

But that's what it was supposed to do.

It's exactly what it's supposed to be.

So I guess I guess we designed it for like five.

I guess it's like a price point.

Um so this one is brought to us by voluntal land use institute.

It's based off of um the ground rules and with Craig Hall presenting along with the round table.

You guys aren't familiar familiar with Craig Hall.

He literally wrote this book.

And it's been involved in uh land use for basically his entire career in the state of Utah.

And he's actually retired now.

Um sponsorship speaking gigs and things like that.

But I don't think he practices.

Whenever I see a name with JD after that states for land button, but all on downhill from there after developer and provocate the downtown center there.

It's also tied in with uh the maverick by agree, the call family.

Yeah.

So this isn't just intended to just be a long, you know, just watch it, don't say anything.

If there are questions or if there's discussion that we've that come up as part of that, we can pause.

This is a much longer video that we're gonna get through today.

So even at uh increased the we'll we won't get through it, but nor do I want anybody to be subjugated to that level of just watching a show to help uh especially as as riveting as land use discussions can be.

So um if anybody has a question, we can hit pause and dialogue about it and go over any question.

Just wait right up to try it after that.

How long we were watching this was recorded, I believe it's flat here.

Okay, I believe could be wrong.

Let me double check that out.

Yep, this was two years ago, not last year, but like 2023.

Okay.

But fairly recent.

So we'll uh kick this off and tell me if there's any questions.

We'll be quoting uh extensively today from this book, uh ground rules, published uh just last November, it's available on at Amazon.com for anyone who would like to have it.

And we are pleased to announce that from the onbestment's office that will allow us to see to provide free copies of this book to members of planning commissions and city councils around the state.

So uh that effort is ongoing.

We hope to have those out in a few months and and hope that it provides a good basic understanding of how to how to get uh your hands around the concepts of Utah land use law.

So to get started, um you know when our cities were founded in Utah, there weren't that many people, and we really didn't have much need for zoning law.

The uh the couple of Europeans who uh might have lived in one of our valleys could pretty well handle their own land use issues without a lot of interference.

Then more people came, and of course, more people came, and then a whole lot of people came, and by this time the decision was made that we needed to uh create some kind of organization.

So we created local government, of course the territorial and the state government came first, and that's kind of the the center point, that's where the local power flows is from the state government from the state legislature and the Utah State Constitution.

But we decided we didn't want all those people making all the decisions, so we selected a few of them, usually five or seven, and we put them in a city council.

That's called a representative democracy.

So then the city council meets, and that's who makes land use decisions.

At least that's who sets the policy.

They are the ones who write the rules and and pass the legislation.

And when they do land use issues, of course, they always say yes and everything's fine.

Um no problems, no issues, life is calm and easy, except sometimes all those people show up again.

And then we have reasons for dispute.

And when we have disputes, then we have to resolve them somehow, and we turn to a few authorities that kind of provide again the milmar, the guidelines, the guardrails that that limit local discretion and land use.

And when we when we go to court or otherwise try to figure out how to resolve matters, we usually refer to the basic ground rules, the laws that govern the land use regulation process in Utah.

Because sometimes when all those people show up, then the council splits, we have no votes and yes votes, and then we have land use disputes.

So to resolve those disputes, we look at some basic limits on local discretion.

First of all, the Bill of Rights doesn't often come into play in land use decisions, but it's certainly paramount when it when it does trigger when it is triggered.

We have federal statutes and state statutes.

We do case law, that is the decisions that are made by our Court of Appeals and our uh Utah Supreme Court.

Local ordinances play into uh the whole process.

Obviously, after the city council has adopted a local ordinance, even the city council has to follow it.

And then the codes and regulations, the building code, the fire code, the health code, all those uh come into play.

And that sounds like a lot, but really there's a lot of local discretion, and we'll talk about it in ways that will probably um surprise some who uh view this that there is so much local discretion, and then in in some ways surprise us that there are limits on it in ways we didn't understand before.

So we're just gonna gotta get the general lay of the land, how this works, and where the courts and the legislature have tried to draw some guidelines to protect the interests of everybody.

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