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MOVING CLAYTON FORWARD

2024 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN — A VISION FOR THE FUTURE

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September 2024

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MOVING CLAYTON FORWARD

Prepared by Sizemore Group in association with Kimley-Horn and Sycamore Consulting Unless otherwise specified, all images are provided by the consultant teams or courtesy of Clayton County.

September 2024

CREDITS

CLAYTON COUNTY

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

Jeffrey E. Turner, BOC Chairman Gail Hambrick, Assistant Director, District 2 Commissioner Felicia Franklin, Assistant Director, District 3 Commissioner DeMont David, Vice Chair District 4 Commissioner

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT STAFF

Patrick Ejike, Director, Community Development Cheryl Brooks, Assistant Director, Community Development Mary Darby, Planning Administrator, Community Development

CONSULTANT TEAMS

SIZEMORE GROUP

Bill de St. Aubin, AIA, LEED AP Principal-in-Charge Deanna Murphy, AICP Project Manager & Lead Planner Randy G. Gibbs, AICP Planner Nishant Ostwal Planner Ashlyn Oakes Planner

SYCAMORE CONSULTING

Jen Price, AICP Senior Project Manager Madison Davis, AICP Planner

KIMLEY-HORN ASSOCIATES

Jon Tuley, AICP Economic Development Planner Elena Oertel, AICP Transportation Engineer

STEERING COMMITTEE

Levon Allen, Clayton County Sheriff's Office Meia Ballinger, D4 Resident Glenn Baker, D4 Resident Garvey Cills, Resident Altimese Dees, D3 Resident Clea Etheridge, Resident Lawanda Folami, D3 Resident Montrese Adger Fuller, Clayton State University Tasha Galloway, D1 Resident Troy Hodges, Clayton County Parks and Recreation Nicole Hornes, Clayton County Office of Youth Services Shannon James, Aerotropolis Atlanta Daunta Long, Pastor, Seed Planters Church Captain Sean Macdonald, Clayton County Code Enforcement Unit Gerald McDowell, ATL Airport CIDs Jeff Metarko, Clayton County Transportation & Development Mokita Rials, D1 Resident Scott Parham, Clayton County Library System Tamara Patridge, See Clayton County Convention and Visitors Bureau Kevin Roberts, Clayton County Police Department Erica Rocker-Wills, Clayton County Economic Development Greg Scandrett, D4 Resident Daniel Small, Clayton County Soil & Water Conservation District Andrew Smith, Atlanta Regional Commission Anthony W. Smith, Clayton County Board of Education Tori Strawter-Tanks, Clayton County Senior Services Tim Sweat, Clayton County Fire & Emergency Services Nicole Tubner, D1 Resident Valencia Williams, Clayton County Chamber of Commerce Larry Vincent, Development Authority of Clayton County

CONTENTS

01 INTRODUCTION: MOVING CLAYTON FORWARD 7

1.1 The Plan 7 1.2 What is the Comprehensive Plan Process? 8 1.3 What are the Benefits of a Comprehensive Plan? 9 1.4 How to Use this Comprehensive Plan 10 1.5 History and Context 12 1.6 Clayton County: Where the World Lands and Opportunities Take Off 13 1.7 Regional Trends of Concern 18 1.8 Report of Accomplishments 20

02 ASSESSMENT: THE TAKEOFF 43

2.1 Existing Studies 43 2.2 Demographics 58 2.3 Housing Analysis 62 2.4 Economic Analysis 68 2.5 Transportation Analysis 76 2.6 Broadband Element 88 2.7 Regional Water Plan and Environmental Planning Criteria 92 2.8 Land Use Analysis 96 2.9 Community Engagement 113

03 IMPLEMENTATION: CLAYTON TAKES FLIGHT 125

3.1 Vision 125 3.2 Goals 125 3.3 Future Land Use Map (2039) 138 3.4 Character Areas 148 3.5 Community Work Program 174

01 INTRODUCTION

MOVING CLAYTON FORWARD

01 INTRODUCTION: MOVING CLAYTON FORWARD

1.1 THE PLAN

Moving Clayton Forward - 2024 Comprehensive Plan A—Vision for the Future (2039) serves as a forward-looking blueprint that outlines the vision for the county’s development over the next two decades. It is designed to guide citizens, business owners, community leaders, and elected officials in making informed decisions regarding land development and public investment. With a focus on initiatives to be completed within the next five years, the plan encompasses various aspects, including an assessment of existing conditions, updates to the vision, goals, and policies, revisions to the future land use map and character areas, the formulation of a new Community Work Program, and a summary of the community engagement process.

The existing conditions assessment covers essential elements mandated by the Georgia Department of Community Affairs (DCA). These elements include economic development, housing, broadband services, regional water and environmental planning, transportation, and land use. By evaluating these key factors, the plan aims to identify current strengths, challenges, and opportunities within Clayton County, laying the groundwork for informed decision-making and strategic planning to support the county’s growth and prosperity.

In accordance with the requirements set forth by the DCA, this document presents a major update to the 2018 Comprehensive Plan and the 2019 Amendment, focusing on the development of a new five-year Community Work Program. The Community Work Program outlines priority projects that the county will undertake over the next five years, aligning with the established community vision and goals outlined in this report. By building upon the foundation laid by the previous plan and incorporating new insights and priorities identified through the community engagement process, this update seeks to ensure that the comprehensive plan remains relevant, responsive, and reflective of the community’s evolving needs and aspirations.

Clayton County, in partnership with its consultant teams—Sizemore Group, Sycamore Consulting, and Kimley-Horn Associates—conducted a community engagement process spanning twelve months. This process included two public hearings at Board of Commissioner meetings, two Zoning Advisory Group meetings, three core team meetings and six community meetings designed to identify opportunities and areas of concern within the county. Announcements and flyers were distributed throughout the county to publicize meetings, and residents were encouraged to participate in a public survey available online. This extensive public process provided an opportunity for the county’s residents, business owners, and community leaders to share their vision for the county and engage in conversations about its future growth.

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Image Caption: Community engagement event at the Flint River Community Center (2023)

1.2 WHAT IS THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN PROCESS?

The 2024 Clayton County Comprehensive Plan process is a collaborative effort involving residents, business owners, and elected officials to shape the future growth and development of the county. It entails a thorough analysis of the community’s physical, economic, social, and political factors, with robust public engagement to gather input and insights from stakeholders.

Comprehensive plans are designed to cover a long-range period and establish guiding principles for a community’s economic growth and development. In the case of Clayton County, the plan will serve as a blueprint for the county’s trajectory over the twenty-year blueprint. Importantly, it will be regularly updated at least every five years to ensure that the county’s vision for the future remains relevant and achievable in the face of evolving challenges and opportunities.

By involving diverse voices and perspectives in the planning process, the 2024 Comprehensive Plan aims to reflect the collective aspirations and priorities of the Clayton County community. Through strategic planning and informed decision-making, the plan will help shape a prosperous, equitable, and sustainable future for all residents of the county.

In the comprehensive planning process, the county must meet the requirements set forth by the DCA, which include:

• A Physical, Economic, Social, and Political Analysis
• Public Engagement
  • Community Goals, Policies, and Vision
  • Needs and Opportunities
• Principles for Community Development and Growth
  • Future Land Use Map (FLUM)
  • Character Areas and Defining Narratives
  • Community Work Program
• Five-year Reassessment

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Image Caption: View of a community member and draft work program (2024)

1.3 WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN?

The planning process for the community yields several benefits that positively impact the entire community:

1. Quality-of-life improvement: Through thoughtful planning, the community can maintain and enhance its quality of life, ensuring that residents have access to essential services, recreational opportunities, and a safe and healthy environment.
2. Shared vision: The planning process fosters a shared vision for the future of the community, where residents, businesses, and stakeholders collaborate to articulate common goals and aspirations.
3. Protection of property rights: The planning process safeguards private property rights while promoting responsible development that respects the rights and interests of property owners.
4. Encouragement of economic development: Comprehensive planning encourages and supports economic development initiatives that stimulate job creation, investment, and prosperity within the community.
5. Guidance for development: The planning process outlines clear guidelines for where, how, and when development will occur, as well as strategies for managing associated costs. This ensures that development aligns with community values and priorities.
6. Creation of community spaces: Comprehensive plans guide the creation of vibrant and functional community places and spaces that foster social interaction, recreation, and cultural enrichment.

By engaging residents, planning experts, county staff, and elected officials in discussions about land development, transportation, economic development, and other objectives, the planning process enables the community to make informed decisions that promote long-term sustainability and well-being.

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Image Caption: View of a steering committee meeting (2023)

1.4 HOW TO USE THIS COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

This document is intended for use by a wide range of stakeholders, including elected officials, county staff, property owners, developers, business owners, and citizens of Clayton County. It serves as a comprehensive guide for both private and public development decisions within the county.

Organized around core components required by the Georgia Department of Community Affairs (DCA) for local comprehensive plans, this document includes the following key elements:

1. CONSOLIDATED VISION

The comprehensive plan articulates a consolidated vision for Clayton County, comprising a vision and goals associated with the seven overarching goal areas of focus: land use; transportation; housing; intergovernmental coordination; economic development; health, wellness, and sustainability; and broadband. This vision is informed by technical analysis and input gathered through the community engagement process, providing a framework for future development and decision-making.

2. ASSETS & CHALLENGES

An analysis of assets and challenges identifies major needs and opportunities that the county must address.

3. POLICIES

Findings from the assets and challenges assessment inform the development of plan policies and action steps aimed at addressing identified challenges and capitalizing on opportunities for growth and improvement.

4. COMMUNITY WORK PROGRAM

The Community Work Program outlines specific steps and initiatives that need to be undertaken to ensure the comprehensive plan’s effectiveness and success. It serves as a roadmap for implementing the plan’s goals and policies, guiding the county’s actions over the plan’s timeframe.

5. FUTURE LAND USE MAP

The plan includes updates to the Future Land Use Map. This map serves as a guiding tool for future development and zoning, as future land use categories identify preferred land uses. This map is recommended to ensure that there is consistency and compatibility in the rezoning and development approval decisions so that any growth occurs in line with the community’s vision for its future.

6. CHARACTER AREA MAP

The plan includes a Character Area Map that delineates specific areas within Clayton County, each with unique characteristics or development potential. These areas may be supported by Livable Centers Initiative (LCI) grants, or other means of financing, such as Tax Allocation Districts (TADs) as appropriate. This map serves as a guiding tool for future development, helping to identify areas for preservation, revitalization, or targeted growth based on existing conditions and the community’s vision for the future. The Character Area Map also identifies development and design principles for each character area.

By incorporating these essential components, the plan provides a comprehensive and strategic framework for guiding development and decision-making in Clayton County, ensuring that the county’s growth and prosperity are guided by a shared vision and informed by careful analysis and planning.

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Image Caption: View of vision and goal boards at a community engagement event (2024)

1.5 HISTORY AND CONTEXT

Established in 1858, Clayton County, Georgia emerged from the territories of the adjacent Fayette and Henry counties. Named after Judge Augustin S. Clayton, a prominent figure in the Georgia General Assembly and United State Congress, the county has a rich history and significant modern-day importance both regionally and nationally.

Before its official formation, Clayton County was inhabited by Creek Indians, and remnants of their farming culture can be found along the Flint River. Following the Revolutionary War, many veterans were granted land in Georgia, and in the Treaty of Indian Springs in 1821, the Creeks ceded their land to the state. Settlers from various parts of Georgia and southern coastal states began moving into the area, leading to the founding of Leaksville (later known as Jonesboro) in 1823. This town played a pivotal role as a stop on the railroad connecting Macon to Terminus, which was later named Atlanta, establishing a vital link between the southeast and the port city of Savannah.

Clayton County shares its borders with several neighboring counties including DeKalb, Henry, Spalding, Fayette, and Fulton. Positioned in the southern metropolitan area, Clayton County is located roughly ten miles south of the City of Atlanta and hosts within its own boundaries seven cities: a portion of College Park, Forest Park, Jonesboro, Lake City, Lovejoy, Morrow, and Riverdale.

With an estimated population of around 297,600 as of the 2020 U.S. Census, Clayton County ranks as the fifth most populous county in Georgia and within the Atlanta region. Covering an area of approximately 144 square miles, it stands as the third smallest county in the state and the second smallest in the eleven-county Atlanta region, second only to Rockdale County.

Clayton County is home to several notable landmarks and institutions, including Clayton State University, acclaimed water reclamation facilities, and various nature preserves. Additionally, a substantial portion of the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (H-JAIA), the world’s busiest airport (regarding passenger travel) and a major regional employer, resides within the county’s confines.

The county has also left its mark on the entertainment industry, with ties to popular media such as Gone with the Wind, Flight, and Smokey and the Bandit. Significant cultural venues include Spivey Hall, an internationally renowned and premier recital hall situated on the Clayton State campus. In 2003, the Georgia Archives relocated to Morrow from downtown Atlanta. Amidst the growing urban landscape, the 146-acre Reynolds Nature Preserve stands as an integral element of natural beauty within the county.

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Image Caption: Location of Clayton County and adjacent counties in the state of Georgia Source: David Benbennick (2006)

1.6 CLAYTON COUNTY: WHERE THE WORLD LANDS AND OPPORTUNITIES TAKE OFF

South Metro-Atlanta Opportunities

The southern metro-Atlanta communities are experiencing a surge of positive momentum, driven by ambitious projects and initiatives. Clayton County finds itself at the heart of this growth, poised to benefit tremendously from the major investment in metro-Atlanta’s Southern Crescent.

In March 2024, the ARC received a significant $50 million bipartisan federal grant for a multi-purpose trail connecting the Atlanta BeltLine to the Flint River. In May 2024, ARC received another $14.9 million from the US Department of Transportation to supplement the initial grant benefiting Clayton County along with the Cities of Hapeville, College Park and East Point. Together, this funding will facilitate the study and development of a 31-mile trail system throughout the South Atlanta Metro region, linking the world-renowned Atlanta BeltLine to Lovejoy in Clayton County. This grant underscores a broader trend towards enhancing natural resources to promote healthier communities while also improving community access and mobility. It is a significant step towards integrating environmental sustainability into urban planning efforts, ensuring a greener and more resilient future for all.

Located in both Fulton and Clayton County, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (H-JAIA) remains a cornerstone of the region’s economy. Earning the title as the world’s busiest airport, it continues to grow and upgrade itself to better accommodate the 100+ million travelers passing through its gates every year. The airport supports hundreds of thousands of jobs and contributes billions of dollars to Georgia’s economy. The planned terminal revitalization, parking enhancements, addition of a 400-room Intercontinental Hotel, and expansion of concourses demonstrate H-JAIA Jackson’s commitment to remaining the global transportation leader.

The Aerotropolis and Airport Area Community Improvement Districts (CID) play pivotal roles in driving progress and fostering economic growth in the surrounding areas. The combined efforts of these organizations facilitate efficient vehicular travel, exceptionally manicured landscaping, and a sense of safety and security that permeates their respective districts. These initiatives contribute to the development of vibrant communities and support local businesses surrounding the world’s most traveled airport.

The Six West Development, comprising 311 acres in nearby College Park, represents a significant urban revitalization effort, promising to transform the area with a diverse mix of office space, hotels, commercial venues, and residential units. The Six West development will also introduce new entertainment and dining offerings to College Park.

Additionally, Fort Gillem’s evolution into a bustling employment center marks a pivotal development in Clayton County’s economic landscape. With a strategic focus on logistics and the burgeoning film industry, the former Army base has attracted major players such as Amazon, Kroger, and Blue Star Studios. These new industries at Fort Gillem speak to the area’s appeal as a prime location for business growth and investment.

Finally, the US Soccer Federation’s decision to establish its new home in Fayette County is a testament to the region’s growing prominence as a hub for sports and entertainment. The site, comprising more than 200 acres will be the home to all twenty-seven of the American national teams will be located to the west of Veterans Parkway and north of Trilith Studios – yet another burgeoning community in south-Metro Atlanta. The presence of the US Soccer’s new facility will undoubtedly attract attention and interest from both national and international audiences and, in turn, is expected to spur economic activity, drive tourism, and create new opportunities for local businesses and communities.

With the emergence of the Mountain View community and the expansion of MARTA’s Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) services, many more exciting developments are in store for the southside. Collectively, these initiatives underscore the dynamic growth, vibrancy, and future success of the southern metro-Atlanta communities, especially Clayton County.

Clayton County Opportunities

Clayton County is a bustling hub of education, business and industry, driving job creation and enhancing the lives of both residents and enterprises. Renowned for its robust transportation infrastructure, the county boasts access to major U.S. interstate highways such as I-75, I-85, I-285, and I-675, along with reliable rail services courtesy of Norfolk-Southern and CSX.

At the heart of the county lies the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, the busiest airport globally, offering unparalleled air travel convenience. Clayton County’s population continues to soar, reaching 298,300 in 2023 according to the U.S. Census Bureau, with an impressive annual growth rate of 12.2%. The median household income witnessed a substantial increase, rising to $53,398 in 2023 from $43,287 in 2014.

The Metropolitan Atlanta Regional Transit Authority (MARTA) is advancing Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) expansion in Clayton County with two new lines. The first line, along State Route 54, will feature seventeen proposed stops, connecting East Point to Mountain View, Clayton State University, and the cities of Forest Park, Jonesboro, and Lovejoy. The second MARTA Rapid route, the Southlake project, is an innovative BRT system that aims to enhance transit service and job access within Clayton County and establish connections within Clayton County, including to Hartfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Riverdale, Morrow, as well as key destinations, such as the Shops of Riverdale, Southlake Mall, and the Southern Regional Medical Center. The BRT route will cover approximately 15 miles and operate on dedicated right-of-way and mixed traffic along existing roadways. Planning and design of this project began in 2020, and it is anticipated the BRT service will begin in 2030. This route is expected to include thirteen new stations and will use ten BRT-branded electric buses and electric vehicle charging stations.

Both projects aim to enhance job access, provide reliable and frequent transit services, and improve connections within Clayton County and the greater metro-Atlanta region, in addition to the improved connectivity facilitated by the aforementioned multi-purpose trail grant funding.

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Image Caption: View of Clayton County Water Authority (CCWA) facilities (2024)

In recent years, Clayton County’s government has actively fostered stronger partnerships with many stakeholders such as Aerotropolis CIDs and Alliance, Clayton State University, the Council for Quality Growth, MARTA, and various departments and agencies to drive economic development initiatives. Notably, the county’s Economic Development Office has crafted an enticing incentive package aimed at attracting and retaining top businesses and talent. In addition, on March 19 2024, the Clayton County Board of Commissioners (BOC) approved Ordinance No. 2024-60: BOC-2402-0394 to amend the Future Land Use Map (FLUM) process. This includes the implementation of an economic development matrix to assist with sustaining growth in the county.

Clayton County’s employment landscape flourishes with 192,000 full-time jobs across diverse sectors, further bolstered by the proactive efforts of the Clayton County Office of Economic Development. Key industries driving growth include Health Care and Social Services, Accommodation and Food Services, Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services, and Transportation and Warehousing.

Clayton State University stands out as a beacon of higher education in the Southern Crescent, offering a comprehensive range of accredited programs, including masters, baccalaureate, associate, vocational, and technical degrees. The university produces more than 600 graduates every year. Nestled within its picturesque campus lies Spivey Hall, a globally acclaimed recital hall attracting renowned artists and serving as a cultural nexus for the community.

For nine years running, the Clayton County School Board has secured the esteemed Exemplary School Board distinction, showcasing steadfast leadership and educational excellence. Additionally, Clayton County Public Schools’ reception of the Leading Edge Award from the Georgia School Boards Association underscores their commitment to preparing students for a dynamic global market, affirming the board’s profound influence on educational quality and student achievement in the county.

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Image Caption: View of Lakeview Discovery and Science Center at Clayton State University Source: Clayton State University (2023)

Southern Regional Medical Center, founded in 1971 in Riverdale, GA, has expanded to 331 beds, serving Riverdale and its environs. Recognized nationally and statewide for exceptional patient care, it hosts specialized units such as a Certified Primary Stroke Center, accredited Chest Pain Center, Women’s Life Center, labor and delivery suites, and a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

The Clayton County Water Authority (CCWA) remains an esteemed utility, delivering exceptional water and services to the community, consistently meeting or exceeding federal and state standards for drinking water quality. Additionally, the Newman Wetlands Center, owned and operated by CCWA, provides an enriching environment for environmental education and fosters a deeper connection to the county’s ecosystems, promoting conservation efforts and watershed protection.

Clayton County residents now have access to the new Lake Spivey Recreation Center in Jonesboro, located within the International Park. This state-of-the-art, 32,000 square foot facility is situated along the Lake Spivey walking trail and houses the Parks and Recreation administration. The center boasts an array of amenities including an indoor saltwater pool, a cardio and exercise area, a multipurpose room, a rock-climbing wall, and an indoor café on the lower level. The new administrative offices are located on the second floor. This facility promises to provide enjoyment for Clayton County residents for years to come.

In May 2024, the Andrew J. Young Foundation, in partnership with Forever Young Aquaponics and in collaboration with the Clayton County Board of Commissioners, hosted a groundbreaking ceremony for the Forever Young Aquaponics facility. Situated in the City of Jonesboro, this 70,000-square-foot facility intends to revolutionize the local agricultural landscape and contribute to urban development by providing sustainable, organic produce to nine major cities throughout the Southeast.

Integrating aquaculture and hydroponics, aquaponics represents a cutting-edge approach to urban farming. It establishes a self-sustaining ecosystem where fish waste fertilizes plants, and the plants, in turn, filter the water returning to the fish. This facility will produce pesticide- and chemical-free, USDA organic produce within a closed-loop system that

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Image Caption: View of Spivey Hall on the campus of Clayton State University Source: Thomson200 (2015)

eliminates environmental discharge. This innovative project marks a crucial advancement in sustainable city planning and urban development, promoting healthier food production with minimal environmental impact. Forever Young Aquaponics is set to support the county in demonstrating sustainable and ethical agricultural practices which thrive within urban settings and are economically viable.

Mountain View is an unincorporated community located in the northwestern part of the county, immediately east of Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (H-JAIA). Recognizing Mountain View’s potential as a valuable area within the county, several planning initiatives have been undertaken to position the community as a world-class destination. These efforts include a 2014 Livable Centers Initiative (LCI), a 2017 Urban Land Institute (ULI) development strategy report, a master plan in 2018, and other initiatives led by Aerotropolis Atlanta and the Aerotropolis Atlanta Community Improvement Districts (AACIDs).

Mountain View is a historically significant community with the potential to complement the world’s busiest airport. It offers ample opportunities to attract residents, businesses, and travelers, creating a vibrant environment that enhances its regional importance.

Clayton County remains committed to progress, evident in its ongoing investments in public safety, infrastructure, and community development projects such as the Tara Boulevard Livable Centers Initiative (LCI) Gateway Study and the state-of-the art Clayton County Convocation Center which will host local graduations, community events, and corporate conferences. With a steadfast focus on innovation, professionalism, and inclusive growth, Clayton County is poised to thrive as a vibrant and competitive player in the dynamic metro-Atlanta region. In August 2024, Aerotropolis supported an Aero-Clayton “Moving Clayton Forward” event to assist the county with sustainable growth.

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Image Caption: View of Newman Wetlands Center Boardwalk Trail (2024)

1.7 REGIONAL TRENDS OF CONCERN

As the Comprehensive Plan process addresses the County's vision for the next twenty years, 2039, it is important to consider current and anticipated community planning trends that are impacting Clayton County and beyond. In the following section, key planning issues, challenges, and opportunities are discussed. The vision, goals, and recommendations within this report aim to address these planning trends, as community tools and capacity allows.

According to ESRI and US Census Bureau data, Clayton County has seen a population growth rate of 1% as it approaches 300,000 residents. Many of these households are young families with children under 14 years old. Notably, Clayton County's median age is 33.9 years, which is more than three years younger than the median age of the Atlanta MSA. Conversely, Clayton County has a higher proportion of its population aged 55-84 years. With age increase comes age related disabilities, increased medical needs, and mobility limitations that necessitate careful consideration during planning efforts. These trends suggest that special accommodations are needed for both younger and older age groups. However, they also indicate that the county is not attracting adults in their prime working years. It is imperative that communities are equipped to provide the necessary services, housing, and infrastructure to support this aging population effectively, while also creating a desirable county for young adults and families.

Similarly, another persistent planning issue is the ongoing affordable housing crisis which has impacted both the metro-Atlanta area and the entire country. In general, there is a shortage of housing stock in many local communities to accommodate current and future growth. However, most alarming is the shortage of affordable housing to match Area Median Income (AMI). This issue does not just impact the poorest communities, but many middle-wage earning families as well. According to the Atlanta Regional Commission, there is a significant gap in rental housing availability for the 50% AMI or below cohort.

In recent years, transportation has witnessed remarkable advancements, introducing a diverse range of options such as e-scooters, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), self-driving vehicles, and pods. Excitingly, the horizon holds even more promise with the imminent mainstream adoption of electrical vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) vehicles. These innovations present communities with an expanded repertoire of mobility solutions, catering to both mass transit and individual travel requirements. However, the successful implementation of these transit alternatives necessitates a robust infrastructure network comprising rail systems, internet connectivity, and reliable power sources.

Moreover, it's essential to consider how these modes of transportation will interact with major hubs like Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (H-JAIA). Understanding the impact of these new modes of transit and travel is crucial as we strive to plan environments that are not only functional but also enjoyable to navigate.

Additionally, there is anticipated infrastructure and economic impact of the Savannah Harbor Expansion Project on the metro-Atlanta region, with a particular focus on Clayton County. This ambitious $1 billion, 20-year initiative involves deepening the channel by forty-seven feet over a 38-mile stretch. As a result, the expanded harbor will now accommodate the largest vessels on the East Coast, facilitating the arrival of 16,000 container vessels at the port. A significant portion of this cargo is destined for H-JAIA for distribution. Consequently, Clayton County serves as a crucial thoroughfare for freight movement both within Georgia and across the region. Understanding the implications of this project is essential for assessing its impact on economic activity and infrastructure development in Clayton County and beyond.

There's a growing recognition of the significance of urban planning, coupled with an increased appreciation for the role of green infrastructure in creating sustainable environments. The federal government's investments in this area are aimed at fostering a more environmentally friendly future. The headwaters of the Flint River begin in Clayton

County near the Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport. Clayton County – with the support of regional partners of the Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC), Aerotropolis, and surrounding governments - have led the investments of the Flint River Gateway Trails. The Flint River Gateway Trails is a crucial component of ARC’s initiative to reconnect the region and it received tremendous federal financial support in 2024.

The long-term effects of COVID-19 have heightened awareness and readiness regarding the spread of illness, prompting communities to reshape their environments to prioritize health and well-being. One such solution involves increasing and making greenspace and park space more accessible. Additionally, the pandemic has influenced where people work, leading to a greater demand for remote work facilities, both within local areas and within homes. These shifts reflect a broader recognition of the importance of creating environments that support both physical and mental health, as well as adaptability to changing circumstances.

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Image Caption: View of concourses A and T at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport Source: Matthew Groh (2018)

Smart cities are becoming increasingly intertwined within the urban planning discipline. Within these urban environments, existing data, such as cell phone data, is harnessed to optimize efficiency through the integration of Internet of Things and AI-enhanced technologies, tracking the movement of people. Additionally, data-driven decision-making plays a crucial role in enhancing safety, security, utilities, resilience, and various other aspects that influence the quality of life for local community members.

Furthermore, the momentum of social justice movements in 2020 has spurred a rise in initiatives aimed at fostering social justice and equity within communities. This is exemplified by the renaming of places and streets to align with contemporary values and honor revered figures. Efforts are also underway to mend the divisions caused by past infrastructural projects, such as highways, which historically marginalized minority communities. Finally, there is a push for increased transparency in local processes, alongside the integration of social and mental health training, and the introduction of mental health programs to assist communities in coping with the traumas stemming from systemic marginalization.

As part of a collaborative effort of the consultant teams and other partners, Clayton County is working to address these issues to better serve its residents and business communities.

1.8 REPORT OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS

The Report of Accomplishments is an account and explanation of all the projects listed in the Community Work Program from the previous Comprehensive Plan. The projects are identified with the following terminology:

• Items labeled “Completed” have been finished within the five-year reporting period.
• Items labeled “Currently Underway” have been initiated or have made partial progress as of the end of the five-year reporting period. They have been carried over into the new five-year reporting period for the next five-year work program.
• Items labeled “Postponed” have been put on hold with justification and the intention of being resumed.
• Items labeled “No Longer Relevant” have been deemed to no longer be relevant to the county and will not be carried over into the next five-year work program.

| # | Activity | Timeframe | Estimated Cost | Responsible Dept./Agency | Funding Source | Status | Comments | | :--- | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | | | ‘20 | ‘21 | ‘22 | ‘23 | ‘24 | | | | | | | Community Development | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Determine land use requirements that would support the concept of Aerotropolis | X | X | X | X | X | Staff time | CDD-P&Z | Staff time | Currently underway | Mountain View Overlay and update was completed September 2020 | | 2 | Revise residential building codes to increase minimum quality level acceptable | X | X | X | X | X | Staff time | CDD-P&Z | Staff time | Completed | Codified Residential Architectural Standards completed September 2023 | | 3 | Develop a Planning Handbook to be used as an educational tool and quick reference by the Zoning Advisory Group and County Commissioners | X | X | X | X | X | $5,000 | CDD-P&Z | General Fund | Completed | Provided updated municode with recent code changes to Zoning Advisory Group in October 2023 | | 4 | Pursue funding assistance for the continuation of efforts to improve the Tara Boulevard entrance to Clayton County | X | | | | | $400,000 | CDD-P&Z/ ARC | ARC | Currently underway | Received a LCI grant and project is currently underway | | 5 | Pursue funding for streetscape improvements to enhance the visual quality of Clayton County’s major roadways | X | | | | | Staff time | CDD-P&Z/ Transporta-tion | Staff time | Currently underway | This project has been reprogrammed into the SPLOST 2020. | | 6 | Develop a formal forum for coordination between the Clayton County Board of Education and Clayton County with regard to new schools and residential developments deemed to have a significant impact on school capacity | X | X | X | X | X | Staff time | CDD-P&Z / CCPS | Staff time | Currently underway | This currently exists and ongoing through the coordination of a standing committee - Clayton County Government and Clayton County Board of Education intergovernmental cooperation. |

MOVING CLAYTON FORWARD – 2024 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

| # | Activity | Timeframe | Estimated Cost | Responsible Dept./Agency | Funding Source | Status | Comments | | :--- | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | | '20 | '21 | '22 | '23 | '24 | | | | | | | Transportation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Roadway Capacity Improvements - Battle Creek Road from Southlake Pkwy to Valley Hill Road | X | X | X | X | X | $6,826,000 | Transportation/GDOT | 2014-2019 TIP/County | Currently underway | Anticipated completion 2027; this item is being combined with item 2 for a total $100,000,000 project | | 2 | Roadway Capacity Improvements - Mt. Zion Blvd from Southlake Pkwy to Lake Harbin Rd. | X | X | X | X | X | $6,370,000 | Transportation/GDOT | 2014-2019 TIP/County | Currently underway | Anticipated completion 2027; this item is being combined with item 1 for a total $100,000,000 project | | 3 | Roadway Capacity Improvements - Flint River Rd. from Glenwood Rd. to Kendrick Rd | X | | | | | $2,600,000 | Transportation/GDOT | 2014-2019 TIP/County | Completed | | | 4 | Conley Road/ Aviation Blvd Extension from I-285 to St R 3 | X | X | X | X | X | $11,150,000 | Transportation/GDOT | 2014-2019 TIP/County | Completed | | | 5 | Roadway Capacity Improvements – Godby Road from Southampton Rd. to SR 314 | X | X | X | X | X | $3,085,000 | Transportation | SPLOST | Completed | | | 6 | Road improvements to support other SPLOST Capital Projects | X | X | X | X | X | $1,000,000 | Transportation | SPLOST | Completed | | | 7 | Traffic Signal, Signing and Pavement marking-related improvement in unincorporated areas | X | X | X | X | X | $5,500,000 | Transportation | SPLOST | Currently underway | On-going |

| # | Activity | Timeframe | Estimated Cost | Responsible Dept./Agency | Funding Source | Status | Comments | | :--- | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | | ‘20 | ‘21 | ‘22 | ‘23 | ‘24 | | | | | | | | School System | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Eddie White Elementary School 14 | | X | | | | $15M | CCPS Board of Education | SPLOST & CAPITAL OUTLAY | Completed | Completed in 2021 for $40M | | 2 | New 57 Classroom Middle School (Forest Park) | | | X | | | $15M | CCPS Board of Education | SPLOST | Currently underway | Under-construction, anticipated to be complete by 2025 for $75M | | 3 | Middle School #8 | X | | | | | $18M | CCPS Board of Education | SPLOST | No longer relevant | No longer a necessary project based on BOE strategic building focus | | 4 | Lovejoy HS Auxiliary | | | X | | | $16M | CCPS Board of Education | SPLOST & CAPITAL OUTLAY | Currently underway | Project expanded to a modernization of the entire facility for $110,000,000; anticipated to be complete by 2026 | | 5 | General Renovations at Existing Schools | X | X | X | X | X | $95M | CCPS Board of Education | SPLOST & CAPITAL OUTLAY | Currently underway | On-going, anticipated spending from 2024-2028 is $800,000,000 |

| # | Activity | Timeframe | Estimated Cost | Responsible Dept./Agency | Funding Source | Status | Comments | | :--- | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | | '20 | '21 | '22 | '23 | '24 | | | | | | | Water Authority | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Emergency Generator – Hooper WPP | | X | | | | $300,000 | CCWA | User Fees | Completed | Completed 2022; increased to $400,000 | | 2 | Sewer system rehabilitation | X | X | X | X | X | $1M/year | CCWA | User Fees/ General Fund | Completed | Completed 2023; increased to $8,500,000/ year | | 3 | Galvanized Water Main Replacement | X | X | X | X | X | $1M/year | CCWA | User Fees | Completed | Completed 2023; increased to $6,500,000/ year | | 4 | Stormwater System Rehabilitation | X | X | X | X | X | $1M/year | CCWA | User Fees | Currently underway | On-going; this represents ongoing annual spending for continual renewal of stormwater infrastructure; increased to $3,500,000/year | | 5 | Emergency Generator - all Water Facilities | X | | | | | $3M | CCWA | User Fees | Currently underway | Walnut Creek is complete; but his is an ongoing task. Jonesboro Repump Station - currently has a natural gas engine that runs only 1 pump; a new generator for this entire station is anticipated; Noah's Ark Repump Station - generator will be upgraded in the future. Estimated cost has been increased to $9,000,000 |

02 ASSESSMENT

THE TAKEOFF

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02 ASSESSMENT: THE TAKEOFF

The following section is a compilation of recent and/or relevant studies, documents, and visionary plans which have informed, overlapped with, or otherwise influenced this 2024 Comprehensive Plan Update. These sources provide valuable data, key insight, and diverse perspectives. These studies collectively contribute to the plan update and help to ensure a holistic and informed approach to shaping Clayton County’s vision and future development.

2.1 EXISTING STUDIES

State Route 54 Alignment Evaluation (2023)

State Route 54 (SR 54) plays a vital role as a major corridor connecting Clayton County’s communities to the greater Atlanta region. The route connects Clayton State University, Southlake Mall, and the Cities of Forest Park, Jonesboro and Lovejoy to the Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, and the Cities of East Point and Hapeville. Key components under consideration include fully dedicated Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) lanes, Transit Signal Priority (TSP) technology, near-level boarding/off-boarding ticket collection, and unique vehicle branding.

This ongoing study project is open to public input and feedback, with the aim of incorporating community perspectives into the planning process. The anticipated timeline aims to have the BRT lanes operational by 2030, signaling a significant investment in sustainable and efficient transportation infrastructure for Clayton County.

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Image Caption: SR 54 BRT Potential Connections Source: Connect Clayton (2023)

Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice Study (2023)

Clayton County recently conducted an Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing (AI) study, as required after receiving a grant from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). The study, informed by extensive community input, aimed to identify barriers to fair and affordable housing and provide recommendations to address these challenges.

Key findings from the AI study highlighted various concerns, including a lack of quality and diverse housing options for seniors, displacement risks, and inadequate housing options across income levels. In response, the study outlined five prioritized fair housing goals:

1. Increase Quality, Variety, and Affordability: Implement strategies to enhance the quality, diversity, and affordability of housing stock in Clayton County, ensuring that residents have access to suitable and affordable housing options.

2. Enhance Housing Choice for People with Disabilities: Work to increase housing choice and accessibility for individuals with disabilities, ensuring that housing options accommodate diverse needs and preferences.

3. Invest in Underserved Areas: Prioritize investment in areas with high poverty rates and limited access to resources and services, aiming to improve living conditions and promote equitable development across the county.

4. Promote Economic Opportunities: Increase engagement in the labor market and expand access to higher-paying job opportunities, addressing economic disparities and supporting residents’ financial stability.

5. Expand Fair Housing Education: Strengthen fair housing education initiatives in Clayton County to raise awareness about housing rights, promote inclusive practices, and combat discrimination in housing.

By prioritizing these fair housing goals, Clayton County aims to foster inclusive, equitable, and vibrant communities where all residents have access to safe, affordable, and suitable housing. Implementation of the AI study recommendations will be essential in advancing fair housing principles and promoting positive outcomes for residents throughout the county.

Tara Boulevard Livable Center Initiative (2023)

The Tara Boulevard Livable Center Initiative (LCI) Study is a comprehensive initiative aimed at reimagining the Tara Boulevard corridor, as part of a shared vision for Clayton County, and the cities of Jonesboro and Lovejoy. The study is focused on identifying opportunities for housing, services, and mobility improvements and included an evaluation of transportation, land use, economic factors, and community needs to understand the corridor’s strengths and weaknesses.

At the time of writing, the plan is in its “Framework” phase, which involves the translation of the vision into an actionable plan. This is being accomplished through the establishment of various implementable elements, such as design land use strategies, transportation improvements, and urban design guidelines. Initial feedback from community open houses included walkability and safety concerns, desire for streetscape revitalization, flood mitigation, and downtown development.

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Image Caption: Tara Boulevard LCI Public Design Workshop Flyer Source: POND (2024)

Clayton County 2034 Comprehensive Plan Update (2019) and Amended (2022)

The Comprehensive Plan serves as a critical tool for elected and public officials, providing essential guidance by establishing policies, priorities, and a community vision for development within Clayton County. It outlines where, how, and what types of development should occur, offering direction on land use decisions, zoning regulations, and capital improvements. By doing so, it creates a framework for evaluating development proposals, ensuring credibility and predictability in land use decisions for citizens and developers alike.

Moreover, the plan incorporates criteria for assessing development proposals, including compatibility with surrounding land uses and compliance with environmental regulations. Its overarching goal is to foster sustainable growth and development in Clayton County, emphasizing the creation of vibrant, walkable communities accessible to all residents. Additionally, the plan addresses challenges related to economic development, transportation, and housing, while safeguarding the county's natural and cultural resources.

In 2022, an amendment was made to the 2018 Comprehensive Plan to support the Bus Rapid Transit efforts in the County.

The 2024 Comprehensive Plan Update builds upon the foundation laid by the previous plan, reassessing goals, action items, and recommendations to reflect evolving needs and priorities. This iterative process ensures that the plan remains responsive to changing circumstances and continues to serve as a valuable tool for guiding responsible development and enhancing the overall quality of life in Clayton County.

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Image Caption: Clayton County 2034 Comprehensive Plan, Amended Source: Clayton County (2022)

MARTA's Clayton County High-Capacity Transit Transit-Supportive Land Use Study (2022)

MARTA's Transit Supportive Land Use Study was initiated to enhance transit support along Clayton County's high-capacity corridors. The study was guided by three primary goals:

1. Secure Funding for Transit Lines: Position Clayton County's transit lines to attract funding opportunities, ensuring the continued development and expansion of transit infrastructure to meet the needs of residents and visitors.
2. Develop Transit Supportive Zoning: Create zoning regulations that are conducive to transit-supportive development while also aligning with the unique characteristics and preferences of local communities. These zoning policies aim to promote mixed-use development, enhance walkability, and foster people-friendly designs.
3. Promote Economic Development: Position Clayton County as an attractive destination for future economic development by leveraging transit infrastructure as a catalyst for growth and investment. By enhancing transit accessibility and connectivity, the county aims to attract businesses, stimulate job creation, and support sustainable economic prosperity.

Additionally, the study embraced an “unofficial goal” of fostering collaboration and cohesion along the transit corridors. By encouraging stakeholders to work together towards common objectives, the study sought to build a sense of community and shared purpose among residents, businesses, and government entities along the corridors.

Overall, the Transit Supportive Land Use Study aimed to enhance Clayton County's capacity to support higher-density development, create vibrant and diverse mixed-use environments, improve walkability, promote people-centric design principles, and effectively manage parking to ensure the success and sustainability of transit-oriented development initiatives.

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Image Caption: Graphic depicting the “Big “Five” goals of the Transit Supportive Land Use Study Source: Connect Clayton (2023)

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Image Caption: Aerotropolis Atlanta Blueprint 2.0 Source: Aerotropolis Atlanta (2024)

The Aerotropolis Atlanta Blueprint 2.0 (2022)

The original Aerotropolis Atlanta Blueprint, first published in 2016, underwent a significant update in 2022, reflecting new insights and priorities following the formalization of a workforce development component within the Aerotropolis Community Improvement Districts (CIDs), along with the development of a comprehensive implementation action plan. This update involved reassessing targeted economic sectors, identifying catalytic sites, and fostering consensus among key stakeholders, compiling a series of catalytic sites throughout the region that could be transformed into nodes or major gateways to the airport, supporting the plan’s unified vision.

The Atlanta Airport region’s transit priorities are centered on enhancing multimodal connectivity, promoting transit-oriented development, and improving user experience through strategic infrastructure upgrades within a ten-mile radius of the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (H-JAIA). Key initiatives include improving walking and biking amenities, introducing on-demand micro-mobility options, developing the Aero Corporate Crescent for better east-west connectivity, and expanding the regional trail network. Coordination with stakeholders such as MARTA and the Atlanta Regional Commission is essential for funding and the implementation, of a more integrated and user-friendly transit system.

Throughout the Blueprint 2.0 update process, elected officials from the associated counties and cities within the region were actively engaged. Their input and perspectives were integral to ensuring that the final document accurately reflected the vision, goals, and values of their constituents. This collaborative approach underscores the commitment to inclusive decision-making and community involvement in shaping the future of the Aerotropolis Atlanta region.

Clayton County Highway 138 CID Feasibility Study (2022)

In 2022, Clayton County, in collaboration with the City of Stockbridge and Henry County undertook a study along State Route (SR) 138, which includes a portion traversing southeast Clayton County and intersecting with I-675. SR 138 serves as a significant roadway and is designated for several critical action items in cities within Clayton County, such as Riverdale and Jonesboro. The focus of the investigation was the CID boundary located on the Clayton-Henry County border near the city of Stockbridge. The study revealed that a majority of the parcels within Clayton County were CID exempt or non-eligible.

As of late 2022, the study is pending confirmation of the CID formation process. This indicates that further steps are required to formalize the establishment of the CID, likely involving coordination and approval from relevant authorities and stakeholders.

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Image Caption: Highway 138 CID Feasibility Study Map Source: Clayton County (2022)

AeroATL Greenway Model Mile (2021)

In 2017, the Aerotropolis Atlanta Alliance and Aerotropolis Atlanta Community Improvement Districts (AACIDs) collaborated to develop the AeroATL Greenway Plan, building upon concepts introduced in the previous Aerotropolis Atlanta Alliance Blueprint. The AeroATL Greenway Plan aimed to implement several key recommendations, including the following:

1. Connecting communities to local amenities and essential services,
2. Establishing connections to and encircling Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (H-JAIA),
3. Enhancing economic development prospects in Aerotropolis downtown areas and future development zones,
4. Creating a distinctive system tailored to the needs of South Metro Atlanta.

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Image Caption: AeroATL Greenway Model Miles Source: Aerotropolis Atlanta Alliance (2021)

As part of this plan, a Model Mile was identified within Clayton County. This Model Mile encompasses a 1.2-mile multi-purpose trail along the Flint River, linking the Loop Road trail to Forest Parkway. Additionally, there is a 1-mile segment in Forest Park, extending from Starr Park-Fountain Elementary to Forest Parkway along Lake Drive and West Street. These segments serve as key components of the AeroATL Greenway, fostering connectivity and accessibility while promoting outdoor recreation and economic vitality in the region.

Tara Boulevard Corridor Study (2021)

The Tara Boulevard Corridor Study was undertaken with the goals of reducing traffic congestion, enhancing operations, and improving connectivity at key locations along the corridor. A significant recommendation arising from the study was the implementation of a one-lane, bi-directional Elevated Priced Arterial Lane (EPAL) south of SR 54 at the on- and off-ramps of I-75. Additionally, it was proposed to expand Tara Boulevard from four lanes to six lanes between Tara Road and Lovejoy Road.

Furthermore, the study identified several intersections in need of operational and/or safety enhancements, resulting in the formulation of twelve recommended traffic operational improvement concepts along the corridor.

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Image Caption: Tara Boulevard Corridor Study Source: Georgia Department of Transportation (2021)

Clayton County Water Authority 2020 Strategic Master Plan (2020)

The Clayton County Water Authority (CCWA) plays a vital role in providing essential services such as water, wastewater, and stormwater management to residents across seven cities within the county. Renowned for its sustainable and innovative practices, CCWA has been at the forefront of infrastructure development since its strategic planning process commenced in 1960. Regular updates to its strategic plan ensures that priority projects are identified to meet the evolving needs of the community.

The 2020 master plan represents a comprehensive approach to addressing infrastructure needs, with a focus on various categories including Utility-wide initiatives, Information Technology, Stormwater Management, Water Production, Distribution and Conveyance, Water Reclamation, and General Services. Through a meticulous process, projects were identified, scored, and projected over a twenty-year timeline, emphasizing watershed protection and stormwater management as key priorities.

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Image Caption: Clayton County Water Authority 2020 Strategic Master Plan Source: Clayton County Water Authority (2020)

Freight Cluster Plan (2019)

The Aerotropolis Atlanta Community Improvement District (AACID) conducted a comprehensive fourteen-month study focusing on freight industry operations within the South Metro area. This study involved analyzing the movement of goods throughout the region and assessing both current and future conditions of freight transportation. Key findings indicated a projected seventy-six percent increase in freight movement across the Atlanta region from 2013 to 2040, with forty-five percent of jobs in the study area linked to freight-dependent industries.

The study provided the following recommendations:

1. Improve freight operations to uphold economic competitiveness.
2. Enhance safety within freight operations.
3. Facilitate stakeholder engagement.
4. Conduct strategic investment planning.

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Image Caption: Freight Cluster Plan Technical Memorandum Source: Aerotropolis Atlanta CIDs (2019)

Aerotropolis Atlanta Land Use Analysis and Recommendations (2019)

In 2019, Aerotropolis Atlanta initiated a multi-jurisdictional land use assessment with technical support from the Atlanta Regional Commission’s (ARC) Community Development Assistance Program (CDAP). This assessment was prompted by Action Items outlined in the previous Aerotropolis Atlanta Blueprint and focused on analyzing land use within critical transportation corridors and jurisdictional boundaries.

The assessment process involved categorizing challenges, opportunities, and recommendations across different study subareas. Many of these recommendations emphasized the need for enhancing walkability, improving traffic management, fostering collaboration among stakeholders, and achieving greater coordination and cohesion in large-scale zoning efforts.

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Image Caption: Aerotropolis Atlanta Land Use Analysis and Recommendations Source: Aerotropolis Atlanta (2019)

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Image Caption: AACID Transit Feasibility Study Summary and Recommendations Source: AACID (2019)

AACID Transit Feasibility Study (2019)

In 2019, the AACID embarked on a feasibility study guided by an aspirational vision: “Transit in the South Metro area should provide easy and efficient movement of people to live, work, play, and travel without relying on the automobile.” This vision underscored the importance of establishing a comprehensive transit system to enhance mobility and accessibility within the region. In support of this venture, the study outlined three major elements:

1. The installation of bus and shuttle shelters, where existing stops with high boardings would take priority.
2. A focus on first- and last-mile connectivity, such as sidewalks to key bus stops with high boardings.
3. The allocation of wayfinding signage to key transit amenities.

Immediate actions recommended in the feasibility study included the implementation of the Mobility District, high-quality bus stops and shelters, and increased collaboration between local and regional agencies to encourage the first- and last-mile upgrades.

Comprehensive Transportation Plan (CTP) (2018)

In 2018, the Clayton County Department of Transportation and Development undertook the task of updating its 2008 Comprehensive Transportation Plan (CTP). This initiative aimed to articulate a forward-looking vision for the county’s transportation network, ensuring it could effectively meet the evolving needs of residents both presently and in the future. The CTP update lists the following goals and objectives:

• Enhance and maintain the transportation system to meet existing and future needs.
• Ensure the transportation system promotes and supports appropriate land use and development.
• Encourage and support safety and security.
• Improve connectivity and accessibility.
• Enhance mobility for all users of the transportation system.
• Promote and support economic development and redevelopment.
• Improve quality of life, preserve the environment, and protect neighborhood integrity.
• Engage the public with effective outreach strategies.

Careful consideration has been given to aligning this comprehensive plan update to the CTP goals, recommendations, and actionable steps.

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Image Caption: Clayton County Comprehensive Transportation Plan Source: Clayton County (2018)

Clayton County Transit Initiative (2018)

The Clayton County Transit Initiative began in early 2015 with the intention of improving the following transit factors in the county: 1) local bus services, 2) bus stop amenities, 3) high-capacity transit, and 4) park-and-ride facilities, and maintenance facilities. Through public outreach, surveying, and technical data, the initiative developed multiple transit recommendations across seven high-priority corridors to provide greater access to jobs and education, improve regional connections and travel options, address growing demand for transit, and support land use and development. These recommendations spanned high-capacity transit network routes, a new operations and maintenance facility, and additional transit amenities and programming.

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Image Caption: Clayton County Transit Initiative Stakeholder Advisory Committee Webinar Source: MARTA Planning (2017)

Huie Nature Preserve Master Plan (2017)

The Huie Nature Preserve Foundation, overseen by the Clayton County Water Authority (CCWA), is an environmental conservation organization dedicated to managing a vast site spanning over 4,000 acres. This preserve plays a crucial role in supporting water and wastewater services in Clayton County while also serving as a valuable resource for environmental education and public engagement. Through the master plan, the Foundation aimed to enhance the Huie Nature Preserve’s role as a valuable community asset while furthering its mission of environmental conservation and education.

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Image Caption: Huie Nature Preserve Master Plan Source: Clayton County Water Authority (2017)

Comprehensive Development Strategy to Implement the Atlanta Aerotropolis: Recommendations for the Mountain View Area (2017)

In 2014, the Clayton County Board of Commissioners approved the Mountain View Livable Centers Initiative study, focusing on the development of the roughly 712-acre area located just east of Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport. This initiative aimed to create a vibrant and sustainable community that enhances livability, economic vitality, and connectivity within the Mountain View area.

Subsequently, in 2017, the Urban Land Institute (ULI) conducted a Technical Assistance Panel to further refine the development vision for Mountain View and formulate a Comprehensive Development Strategy study. The study compiled the following recommendations:

• Create a new comprehensive zoning district overlay that incentivizes new investment in a way that is compatible with the vision for the area.
• Implement form-based zoning in Mountain View will help remove uncertainty and exclude undesired uses
• Mountain View maintains the current rezoning moratorium and consider a moratorium on building permits to prevent new projects that are not in concert with the long-term vision.
• Incorporate a public process and utilize outside resources including an outside consultant to assist with these efforts to move the ball forward.
• Co-branding Mountain View as part of Aerotropolis Atlanta. Panel suggests capitalizing on the airport and Aerotropolis names, branding this area within Aerotropolis as the “international Gateway”.
• Develop a core district should be defined carefully crafted to highlight the unique authenticity of the area.

By implementing these recommendations, the Mountain View area has the potential to become a thriving hub of activity, innovation, and economic opportunity, contributing to the overall prosperity and vitality of Clayton County and the surrounding region.

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Image Caption: Comprehensive Development Strategy to Implement the Atlanta Aerotropolis: Recommendations for the Mountain View Area Source: Urban Land Institute (2017)

The Aerotropolis Atlanta Blueprint 1.0 (2016)

The Aerotropolis Atlanta Blueprint serves as a vision strategy for the region which leverages the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport as a major factor and driver in economic investment, job growth, and overall quality of life in the immediate and surrounding areas. The Blueprint listed three goals:

1. Guide the allocation of industry in Aerotropolis Atlanta and identify projects and initiatives that benefit multiple economic clusters and stakeholders.
2. Connect multiple strategic goals and principles into a conceptual framework that fosters discussion, captures the imagination, and communicates the vision of the Aerotropolis.
3. To continue to evolve and grow the region for both industries and residents that occupy the community.

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Image Caption: The Aerotropolis Atlanta Blueprint 1.0 Source: Aerotropolis Atlanta (2016)

Atlanta Regional Freight Mobility Plan Update (2016)

The 2008 Atlanta Regional Freight Mobility Plan aimed to better accommodate the increasing movement of freight, goods, and services in the Atlanta region through the identification and programming of key improvements. The plan envisioned these mobility enhancements to support both people and goods, and to mitigate congestion, safety concerns, and any negative impacts on the environment and quality of life.

The 2016 update to the 2008 Atlanta Regional Freight Mobility Plan sought to: assess the plan given any changes to current conditions and projected forecasts; update the plan according to recent policies changes at the federal, state, and local levels; support the development of a FAST Act compliant Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) with consideration of corresponding freight provisions; identify key projects at national, state, and regional levels; and define methods of project investment and responsive strategies.

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Image Caption: Atlanta Regional Freight Mobility Plan Update Final Report Source: Atlanta Regional Commission (2016)

Clayton County Strategic Economic Development Plan (2013)

In 2013, Georgia Tech’s Enterprise Innovation Institute completed the Clayton County Strategic Economic Development Plan with intentions of attracting more businesses which would bolster a healthy economy in the county. The plan delineated fifteen goals and eight strategies which would support the implementation of these goals. The plan also established six recommendations that would improve the overall economic development of the county:

1. Improve the internal and external image of Clayton County,
2. Develop better and broader relationship between the private and public sector in Clayton County,
3. Create more opportunities for Clayton County residents to find and retain employment,
4. Refine targeted industry sectors for business recruitment,
5. Recognize the importance of entrepreneurship and small businesses in Clayton County, and
6. Grow the impact of Public Higher Education Institutions on Clayton County’s economic development.

The plan concluded with next steps which encouraged the establishment of incentivized development overlays, mixed-use development, increased coordination with the cities of Atlanta and Savannah, non-profit partnerships, and the creation of a task force between the Economic Development and Community Development departments.

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Image Caption: Clayton County Strategic Economic Development Plan Source: Clayton County (2016)

Clayton County Department of Parks and Recreation Master Plan (2008)

The Clayton County Department of Parks and Recreation (CCDPR) initiated the development of its Master Plan in 2008 to strategically guide future initiatives in line with the needs of residents. The Master Plan included a comprehensive assessment of trails, parks, and recreational services, which were prioritized based on their potential impact and associated costs. The plan aimed to enhance organizational effectiveness, ensure balanced service delivery, improve marketing and public participation, optimize guest services, and promote efficient planning processes.

A key aspect of the plan was fostering collaboration with the Clayton County Transportation and Development Department to synchronize efforts and enhance recreational and leisure services across the county.

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Image Caption: Clayton County Department of Parks and Recreation Master Plan Source: Clayton County Department of Parks and Recreation (2008)

MOVING CLAYTON FORWARD – 2024 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

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Assessment - The Takeoff

Timeline of studies within the last decade

2016: Atlanta Regional Freight Mobility Plan Update; Aerotropolis Atlanta Blueprint 1.0 2017: Comprehensive Development Strategy to Implement the Atlanta Aerotropolis: Recommendations for the Mountain View Area; Huie Nature Preserve Master Plan 2018: Clayton County Transit Initiative; Comprehensive Transportation Plan (CTP) 2019: AACID Transit Feasibility Study; Aerotropolis Atlanta Land Use Analysis and Recommendations; Freight Cluster Plan 2020: Clayton County Water Authority 2020 Strategic Master Plan 2021: Tara Boulevard Corridor Study; AeroATL Greenway Model Mile 2022: Clayton County 2034 Comprehensive Plan Update (2019) and Amended; Clayton County Highway 138 CID Feasibility Study; The Aerotropolis Atlanta Blueprint 2.0; MARTA’s Clayton County High-Capacity Transit Transit-Supportive Land Use Study 2023: Tara Boulevard Livable Center Initiative; Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice Study; State Route 54 Alignment Evaluation

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2021

2022

2023

2024

2.2 DEMOGRAPHICS

Clayton County, with an estimated 2023 population of 299,806, has experienced a cumulative growth rate of 13.4% since 2010. The population of the Atlanta Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) has grown by 19.4% during the same period, reaching a total of just over 6.3 million. The median age in Clayton County is 33.9, slightly younger than the MSA median age of 37.0. In terms of households with children, Clayton County surpasses the MSA, with 42.1% compared to 38.2%.

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Figure 1. Demographic overview graphic Source: ESRI Business Analyst, Woods & Poole (2023)

Population Characteristics

Experiencing an annual growth rate of 1.0%, Clayton County has achieved a total population of approximately 299,806 in 2023. As mentioned earlier, the County boasts a median age of 33.9, with 52% of its residents being younger than 34. The County specifically attracts a higher proportion of young families, as evidenced by 42.1% of households having children, and the predominant age group being children under 14. In comparison to the MSA, the County exhibits lower percentages of residents aged 35 to 54, and a higher percentage of residents aged 65-84.

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Figure 2. Comparison of Age Cohorts, 2023 Source: ESRI Business Analyst (2023)

⬚ figure Figure 3. Clayton County Population Projections Source: 1970 to 1990 Data from 2034 Comprehensive Plan, 2000 to 2050 Data from Woods & Poole (2023)

Clayton County is characterized as a minority-majority community, with a racial distribution of 70% Black, 0.7% American Indian, 4.9% Asian/Pacific Islander, 9.7% White, 5.9% Two or More Races, and 9.1% Other Race. In comparison, the MSA exhibits a racial composition of 44% White, 34% Black, 1% American Indian, 7% Asian/ Pacific Islander, 8% Two or More Races, and 6% Other Race. Within the County, 14.8% of residents identify as Hispanic, a slightly higher percentage than the 12.6% observed at the MSA level. According to ESRI's diversity index, which gauges racial and ethnic diversity on a scale from 0 (no diversity) to 100 (complete diversity). A higher diversity index score signifies a more equitable representation of various racial groups within a particular community. Clayton County's Diversity Index stands at 61.8, while the MSA level is 74.6.

⬚ figure Figure 4. Racial Make-up, 2023 Source: ESRI Business Analyst

⬚ figure Figure 5. Comparison Of Diversity Index, 2023 Source: ESRI Business Analyst (2023)

Note: ESRI's diversity index measures the racial and ethnic diversity of an area on a scale ranging from: 0 (no diversity) to 100 (complete diversity). As more race groups are evenly represented in an area's population, the diversity index increases.

A total of 22.5% of Clayton residents aged 25 and above hold a college degree or higher, in contrast to the MSA, where 43.2% of the population has attained a similar advanced degree. Nearly half of Clayton County residents, accounting for 46.2%, hold a high school diploma or have educational attainment below that level.

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Figure 6. Comparison of Educational Attainment, 2023 Source: ESRI Business Analyst (2023)

Clayton County Tapestry Segmentation

Developed by ESRI, Tapestry Segmentation classifies households based on 67 distinct classifications that mirror national trends in housing preferences, spending habits, and participation in the labor force. Typically, smaller areas are more uniform, featuring fewer represented segments, while larger areas display a greater number of segments at varying percentages, showcasing a spectrum of diverse households.

Clayton County is characterized by five tapestry segments, with two (Urban Edge Families and Metro Fusion) surpassing 10% representation of the population. Urban Edge Families, the most prominent tapestry segment in the County, consists of younger married couples with children residing in more affordable homes situated farther from urban centers. This group is known for its tech-savvy nature and mindful spending habits. The second-largest segment, Metro Fusion, represents non-native English speakers in single-parent or single-person households. Members of this segment are diligent professionals focused on advancing their careers and social status.

Middleburg households, constituting 8.0% of households, are traditional family-oriented consumers located in semi-rural settings. This group, which is growing in size and assets, prefers purchasing products made in the United States. Whereas, Traditional Living households reside in low-density neighborhoods, primarily working in manufacturing, retail trade, and healthcare. They are budget-conscious and comfortable with online platforms.

Finally, the Young and Restless tapestry represents only 7.2% of households, featuring well-educated young workers either living alone or in shared non-family dwellings. This highly mobile market, just beginning their careers, tends to relocate frequently. They are avid internet users and discerning shoppers.

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Figure 7. Tapestry Segments Source: ESRI Business Analyst (2023)

Key Demographic Takeaways

• From 2010 to 2022, the County experienced a 12.2% growth rate, slightly under the MSA’s 19.4%
• The median age of Clayton County is 33.9, which is younger than the MSA’s median age of 37
• 42.1% of Clayton County households have children, which outpaces the MSA’s 38.2%
• The County has a smaller percentage of residents with a college degree or higher compared to the MSA
• Within the County, only 49.3% of residents own homes, which is lower than the MSA’s 61.2%

2.3 HOUSING ANALYSIS

The median household income in Clayton County is $53,398, which is lower than the Atlanta MSA’s $81,148. Within Clayton, 65% of households earn less than $75,000. The predominant income bracket in the County falls within the range of $50,000-74,999, encompassing 18.2% of households. Additionally, 34.1% of households make between $35,000 and $75,000.

In contrast, 54% of households in the Atlanta MSA earn more than $75,000. Additionally, Clayton County exhibits a slightly higher household size compared to the Atlanta MSA for both 2010 and 2023.

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Figure 8. Median Household Income, 2023 Source: ESRI Business Analyst (2023)

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Figure 9. Household Income, 2023 Source: ESRI Business Analyst (2023)

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Figure 10. Household Size Comparison Source: ESRI Business Analyst (2023)

The breakdown of housing units in Clayton closely mirrors that of the MSA, with single-family homes representing the largest segment, followed by multifamily units as the second largest. Both the County and the MSA exhibit a smaller proportion of townhomes and mobile homes/other housing types.

In Clayton, 49.3% of the housing inventory is owner-occupied, while 44.5% is renter-occupied, leaving 6.2% of the housing stock vacant. In contrast, the MSA has a higher share of owner-occupied units at 61.2% and a lower rate of renter-occupied units at 32.6%, with the same vacancy rate. The median home values in the MSA are significantly higher at $318,382 compared to Clayton County’s $189,383.

The majority of Clayton’s housing stock was constructed between 1970 and 2010, with peaks in the 1970s and early 2000s. Clayton County has a higher percentage of housing units built in the 1960s and 1970s compared to the MSA, contributing to a slightly older average median year built of 1987 within the County, versus the MSA average year built of 1992.

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Figure 11. Housing Units By Type, 2023 Source: ESRI Business Analyst

Figure 12. Housing Summary Facts Source: ESRI Business Analyst (2023)

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Figure 13. Share Housing Units by Decade Source: ESRI Business Analyst (2023)

Median Year Homes Built and Median Home Value

The following maps provide some insight into housing in Clayton County using census tract boundaries. Figure 14 displays the median year homes were built with darker colors representing older homes and lighter colors representing newer homes. Figure 15 displays the median home value with darker colors indicating higher-valued homes and lighter colors being lower-valued homes. Together the maps in Figures 14 and 15 illustrate housing trends across the County. Development has spread south over the years, with homes in the northern portion of the County and along US 41 and SR 54 generally older and lower-value. Homes in the southern portion are generally newer and higher-value. One exception is Lake Spivey Estates which are slightly older homes but the highest-value in the County

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Figure 14. Median Year Homes Built Source: ESRI Business Analyst (2023)

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Figure 15. Median Home Value Source: ESRI Business Analyst (2023)

MOVING CLAYTON FORWARD – 2024 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

Residential Building Permit Trends

Residential building permit activity dropped significantly after the 2007-2009 Great Recession. While single-family home permits have been the leading residential permit type in Clayton County, annual totals have not returned to pre-recession levels. The pre-recession (2004-2007) average annual total number of single-family permits was 1,902 homes, whereas the post-recession (2010-2022) total has only been 445. There have been a limited amount of residential developments post-recession, with the majority being single-family.

• The pre- and post-Recession share of total is measuring the percentage of single-family and multi-family permits as a share to total residential permits issued.

Figure 16. Clayton County Summary Facts Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2023)

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Figure 17. Residential Building Permit Trends, 2004 – 2022 Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2022)

66 | Assessment - The Takeoff

Metro Atlanta Housing Strategy

The Atlanta Regional Commission developed the Metro Atlanta Housing Strategy that provides housing market data and information, as well as potential implementation strategies, for cities and counties throughout the ARC Eleven County Region. Clayton County consists of 5 submarkets with almost half being suburban neighborhoods with lower-to-moderate priced housing. From 2013 to 2020, there has been a 55% increase in median home sale price and a 12% growth in home’s price per square foot. As of 2020, the median home sale price is $139,000 and the median building area is 1,222 sq ft.

Data source: ARC analysis of Zillow’s ZTRAX home sale transactions, 2013 & 2020. Explore this data

• 49% SUBMARKET 7 Suburban neighborhoods with lower-to-moderate-priced housing, biggest increase in renters Learn more

• 19% SUBMARKET 9 Lower-priced rural areas Learn more

• 17% SUBMARKET 8 Suburban neighborhoods with lowest-priced single-family homes, mix of renters and owners Learn more

• 6% SUBMARKET 4 Lower-priced core neighborhoods vulnerable to increasing housing costs Learn more

• 4% SUBMARKET 6 Suburban neighborhoods with moderate-to-higher-priced housing Learn more

• 5% NOT COVERED BY SUBMARKET

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Figure 18. MAHS Clayton County Map Source: County Snapshot and Subarea Map, Atlanta Regional Commission (2023)

MOVING CLAYTON FORWARD – 2024 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

Key Housing Takeaways

• Clayton County’s median household income is $53,398, compared to the MSA median household income of $81,148
• Clayton County has a slightly older stock than the MSA
• Median home value is about 40% lower in the County than the MSA
• Annual residential building permits are still being issued at a slower rate than before the 2008 recession. This is the same for many communities within the MSA

2.4 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

Evaluating the economic statistics for the County, the largest industry sector is Transportation and Utilities, while Health Care and Social Assistance is the largest industry sector for the Atlanta MSA. The County has a lower white collar occupation percentage than the MSA at 48.1%, and a higher unemployment rate at 4.8.

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Figure 19. Economic overview graphic Source: Georgia Department of Labor Statistics, ESRI Business Analyst, Woods & Poole (2023)

• **represents unincorporated Clayton County

Employment Growth

On average, Clayton County has averaged 220 new jobs annually. Job losses seen during the Great Recession and onset of the COVID-19 pandemic were consistent with national trends with job growth entering negative values.

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Figure 20. Annualized Job Growth Clayton County, 2001-2022 Source: Georgia Department of Labor Statistics (2022)

Employment Characteristics

Clayton County’s top industry is Transportation and Utilities, making up 42% of its jobs. Mirroring the MSA, Clayton also has a high share of retail trade, accommodation and food services, and health care and social assistance jobs. In the figures on the following page, the red boxes are highlighting the overlapping top industries in both Clayton County and the MSA. The Atlanta Regional Commission is projecting that by 2030, there will be an influx of 37% jobs available in Clayton County. By 2050, employment opportunities will have grown by 50%.

Figure 21. Atlanta MSA and Clayton County Top Three Industries, 2022 Source: Georgia Department of Labor (2022)

MOVING CLAYTON FORWARD – 2024 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

Atlanta MSA Jobs Per Industry*

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• ■ Health Care and Social Assistance
• ■ Retail Trade
• ■ Accommodation and Food Services
• ■ Professional and Technical Services
• ■ Educational Services
• ■ Administrative and Waste Services
• ■ Transportation and Warehousing
• ■ Manufacturing
• ■ Wholesale Trade
• ■ All Other Industries

Figure 22. Atlanta MSA Industry Classification, 2022 Source: Georgia Department of Labor (2022)

Figure 23. Clayton County Business License Classification, 2022 Source: Clayton County (2024)

*Note: The Atlanta MSA data depicts Jobs per Industry, while the Clayton County data shows Business Licenses per Industry. Although they provide similar data, they are not a one-to-one comparison.

Clayton County Business Licenses Per Industry*

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• ■ Retail Sales/Trade
• ■ Other Services Except Public Administration
• ■ Accomodation and Food Service (Food Service)
• ■ Health Care and Social Assistance
• ■ Admin, Support, Waste Mgmt, & Remediation Svs.
• ■ Construction
• ■ Transportation and Warehousing
• ■ Real Estate and Rental and Leasing
• ■ Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
• ■ All Other Industries

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Figure 24. Clayton County Employment Projections Source: Atlanta Regional Commission and Woods and Poole (2023)

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Figure 25. Comparison of Jobs by Industry, 2022 Source: GA Department of Labor, Business Analyst *GA Department of Labor did not report of Mining, Utilities, and Educational Services for Clayton County **Educational Services number was pulled from ESRI’s Business Analyst

Job Density

The job density maps illustrate the distribution of employment within the County across its five primary industry sectors. A significant portion of employment opportunities in the County is centered around the airport, a pattern shown in the transportation and warehousing maps. In contrast, Retail Trade is found along key corridors or in nodes throughout the County. Accommodation and Food Services exhibit a concentration around the airport and along the I-75 highway. Clusters in Administrative and Waste Services are found around key office and industrial centers, like the airport and the City Morrow. Additionally, Health Care Employment is predominantly focused around the Southern Regional Medical Center.

All Jobs - 123,628 ⬚ figure

Transportation & Warehousing – 48,939 ⬚ figure

Retail Trade – 11,910 ⬚ figure

Accommodation & Food Services – 8,608 ⬚ figure

Administrative and Waste Services – 9,393 ⬚ figure

Health Care and Social Assistance – 7,943 ⬚ figure

Figure 26. Job Density Maps Source: LEHD On The Map (2023)

Vehicle Trips

Overall, more people commute into Clayton County for work than commute out. Almost 100,000 employees commute daily into the County, 24,000 both live and work in the County, and almost 84,000 commute out of the County for work. There are approximately 38,000 that commute into airport area, indicating that the airport brings in a large amount of employment activity for the County.

⬚ figure Figure 27. Inflow Outflow Workers to Clayton County Source: LEHD On The Map (2023)

⬚ figure Figure 28. Inflow Outflow Workers to Airport Source: LEHD On The Map (2023)

Of those 38,000 employees in the airport area, roughly 3,500 live in Clayton County. This would appear to indicate that many of the jobs in the airport area are held by people living outside the County.

Figure 29. Job Counts by Counties Where Workers Live Source: LEHD on the Map (2023)

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Key Economic Takeaways

• The County’s largest industry by number of jobs is Transportation and Utilities at 42.1%. This greatly exceeds the share of these jobs within the MSA’s (7.1%)
• 8.8% of the airport workforce live within Clayton County
• Employment is projected to grow at an increasing rate over the next thirty years
• More people travel into the County for work than people that travel out of the County for work. A large share of these commuters is likely working in the airport area

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Image Caption: View of City of Morrow Municipal Complex signage (2023)

2.5 TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS

Roadway Functional Classification

Roadways are divided into categories based on the mobility and accessibility the roadway provides. The categories are:

• Interstates: highest classification, long distance travel, and high speeds
• Principal Arterial: serve major centers of metropolitan areas
• Minor Arterial: connected to principal arterials and provide connectivity to smaller geographical areas
• Major Collector: move traffic through residential, commercial, and industrial areas
• Local Road: direct access to abutting land at lower speeds

Within Clayton County, the road network has a greater variety in the northern portion of the County including Interstate 75, Interstate 285, Interstate 675, State Route GA-85, Old Dixie Highway/U.S. Highway 19, and Jonesboro Road . The southern portion has no direct access to the Interstates and fewer arterial roads.

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Figure 30. Roadway Functional Classification Source: GDOT, ESRI, FHWA (2022)