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Record of Proceedings

Bullhead City Council Workshop on Data Center Ordinance - November 3, 2026

City Council — Tuesday, November 3, 2026
BodyBullhead City, Arizona
SessionCity Council
DateTuesday, November 3, 2026
StatusNEW · FILED
Video Record
0:00 / 2:29:30

Original source
Transcript — VerbatimClick a timed line to jump · ⧉ to share it

Speaker numbers apply only to this recording. Names come from transcript evidence. “Possibly” marks uncertain attribution.

Speaker 1

1:11

Good afternoon.

1:12

Today is Tuesday, November 3rd, 2026, 3 PM.

1:17

We are here for a workshop with uh regard to data centers.

1:22

And sitting in front of us, we have uh members of our planning and zoning commission, at least three of them here.

1:28

Um are we going to read

Unassigned speaker

1:33

or

Speaker 1

1:34

just roll right into it?

Speaker 2

1:35

I'll commission council members are present.

Speaker 1

1:39

Okay, okay.

1:41

We will uh my intention here is we have roughly about two hours to go through everything.

1:48

If we could maybe keep it to 90 minutes in all the discussion and get through it as quickly as possible, we'll go through each key point, and then my goal is to leave the last 30 minutes for any public input.

2:02

So if you have any questions, please write them down.

2:06

Also, uh, if I could ask everybody to mute their cell phones, um, we have a little issue with disturbances of cell phones being on speaker, and it interferes with us being able to hear properly up here.

2:18

So appreciate that.

2:20

And Johnny, you want to go ahead and start with our account uh applicability, excuse me.

Speaker 3

2:27

Yes, madam mayor.

2:28

So Madam Mayor, council members.

2:30

So what we did is we took the zoning ordinance for Mesa, Arizona, which I think was one of the most comprehensive ordinances that we found in Arizona for data centers.

2:40

So use that as a base, and then we looked at probably a dozen or more other cities throughout the state, throughout the entire country, to see what other jurisdictions are doing to address all the issues that we're aware of with with sound and water and lighting and all these other things that people are concerned with.

2:57

So if we start with that very first section, applicability.

3:14

Not leasing space to any other businesses, serving only that owner, it's not considered it's it doesn't fall under the the code requirements as uh an actual large data center would.

3:26

So that's number one.

3:27

Number two there, principal use, which I think is what what we're really concerned with, is defining a data center and then uh defining which zoning districts it can actually be built in.

3:38

So most cities have you know, commercial or industrial zones.

3:42

I think we are defining it as only being allowed within or C3, M1, M2, if it were allowed.

3:48

So the C3 is commercial, minor, industrial, M1 is industrial general limited, M2 is industrial heavy.

3:56

I think a common requirement is that they only be allowed within planned developments.

4:01

So many of these cities don't allow them within just any zoning district by right, they're only allowed as part of a large planned area development where it's identified up front as part of this large development that there is a data center being proposed.

4:16

Notes I made there in the different colors, color coded yellow is always bullhead, and then the other colors correspond to different cities.

4:31

So that's the actual industrial zones without a PAD.

4:35

That's one of the questions we had.

4:36

And then uh you'll see their city of Chandler allows them only within the PAD overlay districts.

4:42

City of Phoenix, allowed in commercial and industrial districts, but only with the special use permit that is considered by the planning and zoning commission first for a recommendation, and then decided on by city council, and then this new Bromfels in Texas uh requires a special use permit that is approved by the city council.

Speaker 1

5:02

Okay.

5:03

Uh that being said, uh, first I'm going to turn to our city manager for a little bit of input.

5:07

My apologies, Mr.

5:08

Crowder, I didn't uh go to you first.

Speaker 4

5:11

No, no problem.

Speaker 1

5:12

I uh know you had a couple things you wanted to say before we really got started.

Speaker 4

5:16

Well, sure.

5:16

I I think the purpose of today's meeting is to talk about the data center ordinance.

5:21

Uh many cities across the United States are dealing with this issue, not just for big buildings but for small buildings, and um, you know, we've looked at many, many dozens of ordinances, and many cities don't have ordinances, and so by right, certain things can happen in buildings when you don't have ordinances, and we do have concerns, and so we I think in front of you have uh proposed what might be the most restrictive data center ordinance in the United States of America.

5:51

We're not perfect in this instruction, and so what we wanted to do today was to take the input of council and also the planning and zoning commission, um, and work through this, it would have to go back to P and Z and City Council.

6:06

So today is in fact just a workshop.

6:09

I also wanted to note that in addition to the planning commission and zoning members that are here, council member elect Miller is here, she would be voting on this.

6:18

Council uh mayor elect head is here, he would be voting on this.

6:23

So it's a team effort, it's um a project that we could just ignore and put our heads in the sand, and we could have a data center in the new building that's on Lawful Ranch Boulevard right across from the airport.

6:37

Um we know of at least a proposal, a thought off of Silver Creek Road, and so we know that to be true.

6:45

So, with that being true, we should be working on this.

6:48

And I appreciate council coming here at three and spending a couple hours on this, and clearly we want public input, not just today, but at PNZ and the city council.

6:58

So, as we work through this, we're happy to answer any questions.

7:01

But the idea here was to take other cities' ordinances, put them into mesas and talk about it.

7:08

So I think the mayor is going to guide us through that process, and so if something that the P and Z Commission feels strong about, whether that's with electricity or water and those other important issues, that's why we're here.

7:21

Bring it up, tell the council what your thoughts are, and uh the council will tell us what their thoughts are, and so we'll work through that together over the next two hours.

7:30

So thank you, Mayor, for that.

7:31

And I think the first issue uh, you know, to hear about from the council is you know how to do these things, right?

7:38

The regular regulatory environment that's in the applicability code, which is number one of this ordinance.

Speaker 1

7:44

Agreed.

7:45

Um, that being said, uh, I did want to make a comment with regard to that.

7:50

Um, you know, the importance of having planning and zoning and council working together to put together an ordinance that gives us the opportunity to control the narrative of what's gonna happen in the future.

Discussion Breakdown — Share of Meeting
Public Engagement██████████████████18%
Energy Efficiency███████████████15%
Zoning Regulations█████████████13%
Technology and Innovation███████████11%
Environmental Protection████████8%
Community Engagement████████8%
Water And Wastewater Management█████5%
Public Safety█████5%
General Plan Amendment████4%
Summary of Proceedings

Bullhead City Council Work Session on Data Center Ordinance

Date: November 3, 2026. Time: 3:00 PM. Type: Workshop (No action taken).

The Bullhead City Council, joined by members of the Planning and Zoning Commission, held a workshop to discuss creating a data center ordinance. City Manager Toby Cotter highlighted a regulatory gap that would allow data centers by right in certain commercial and industrial zones, stating the goal was to create a highly restrictive ordinance. Planning Manager Johnny Loera walked through proposed standards, primarily based on the City of Mesa's code with enhancements from other Arizona cities like Tucson and Phoenix. The workshop covered electricity, water, noise, setbacks, architectural design, and decommissioning.

Public Comments & Testimony

  • Elizabeth Jones urged the council to create a strict dual-layer specific use permit process. She advocated for specific noise protections including a C-weight decibel cap and a low-frequency differential limit, a grid impact certificate to prevent rate hikes, and a ban on using backup generators for peak shaving.
  • Misty Davinny questioned the need for an ordinance at all, citing a unanimous 7-0 vote by Oro Valley to prohibit standalone data centers. She raised concerns about cumulative regional environmental impacts (water, air, floodwater) that a city ordinance cannot address alone.
  • Harvey Pryor highlighted the noise and air quality implications of large generators, warning against introducing turbine generators or “a giant jet engine” into the desert.
  • Bus Jaeger argued the required noise buffer should exceed one mile and criticized the perceived lack of community transparency.
  • Lori Barker (Fox Creek) advised the council to impose a one-to-two year moratorium on data centers to allow for proper study and community input.
  • Kimberly Warren (Laughlin Ranch) expressed frustration over being blindsided and urged the city to bring valuable services like medical offices instead of a data center.
  • Grace Hecht (The Ridge) thanked the council for their due diligence and urged reliance on facts over misinformation.
  • Penny requested more accessible and clearly explained information to allow for better citizen participation.

Discussion Items

  • Applicability and Permitting: Staff proposed limiting data centers to C3, M1, and M2 zones. Council members recommended requiring a new Special Use Permit (SUP) process, ensuring approval from both the Planning and Zoning Commission and the City Council, rather than allowing them by right. The Planning and Zoning Commission reiterated their previous vote of 7-0 against any form of data center.
  • Water Consumption: Council expressed strong support for requiring closed-loop cooling systems. Direct discharge of untreated cooling water into the public sewer system was prohibited by consensus. Councilmember Smith stated a preference for “closed loop at a minimum or stricter on water usage,” and council members generally agreed municipal water should not be consumed for cooling.
  • Electricity and Grid Protection: Tyler Carlson (Mohave Electric Cooperative) presented the utility’s “Class B” large-load model. He detailed that large loads require a dedicated substation on the high-voltage 230 KV system, and the developer must fund all infrastructure upfront. Council directed staff to require an Arizona Corporation Commission (ACC) approved Energy Service Agreement (ESA) as a pre-requisite for development. Carlson confirmed MEC can curtail power to the data center during grid emergencies to protect residential customers.
  • Noise and Setbacks: Council favored the City of Tucson’s requirement for baseline noise studies addressing both decibels (dBA) and frequency, including infrasound (vibration/dBC) . Annual sound testing in perpetuity was preferred over a five-year limit. A significant debate occurred on setbacks from residential zones, with consensus leaning towards a minimum of one-half mile to one mile from residential zones, far exceeding nearby cities (300-400 feet). Councilmember Smith stated, “I personally am in favor of a full country mile to the nearest residence.”
  • Decommissioning and Financial Guarantees: Staff was directed to require a decommissioning plan and financial guarantees (bonds/letters of credit) to cover the full cost of facility removal if abandoned.
  • Architecture, Lighting, and Landscaping: Staff proposed restrictive design guidelines requiring architectural features, dark sky compliant lighting (no uplighting), and acoustical screening for all mechanical equipment. Council discussed balancing aesthetics with low-water xeriscaping for the required landscape buffers.
  • Citizen Notification: Staff was directed to require a minimum of two neighborhood meetings run by the applicant and mail notifications to all residents and HOAs within a radius of one mile or more of a proposed site, exceeding the standard half-mile radius.

Key Outcomes

(This was a workshop; no formal votes were taken. The following represents the policy direction provided by the City Council to staff.)

  • Zoning: Data centers allowed only in C3, M1, M2 districts.
  • Permitting: A Special Use Permit (SUP) requiring P&Z recommendation and City Council approval was favored.
  • Water: Closed-loop cooling required. No untreated wastewater discharge permitted into the sewer system.
  • Grid: ACC-approved Energy Service Agreement required prior to development to protect residential ratepayers.
  • Noise: Baseline study required including infrasound/vibration (dBC). Annual monitoring in perpetuity required.
  • Setbacks: Minimum half-mile from residential zones, with strong council support for a full mile.
  • Decommissioning: Financial guarantee required for site cleanup.
  • Next Steps: The City Manager and Planning staff will draft the formal ordinance language incorporating this direction and legal review. The proposed ordinance will then be scheduled for public hearings before the Planning and Zoning Commission and subsequently the City Council for adoption.

Meeting Transcript

Good afternoon. Today is Tuesday, November 3rd, 2026, 3 PM. We are here for a workshop with uh regard to data centers. And sitting in front of us, we have uh members of our planning and zoning commission, at least three of them here. Um are we going to read or just roll right into it? I'll commission council members are present. Okay, okay. We will uh my intention here is we have roughly about two hours to go through everything. If we could maybe keep it to 90 minutes in all the discussion and get through it as quickly as possible, we'll go through each key point, and then my goal is to leave the last 30 minutes for any public input. So if you have any questions, please write them down. Also, uh, if I could ask everybody to mute their cell phones, um, we have a little issue with disturbances of cell phones being on speaker, and it interferes with us being able to hear properly up here. So appreciate that. And Johnny, you want to go ahead and start with our account uh applicability, excuse me. Yes, madam mayor. So Madam Mayor, council members. So what we did is we took the zoning ordinance for Mesa, Arizona, which I think was one of the most comprehensive ordinances that we found in Arizona for data centers. So use that as a base, and then we looked at probably a dozen or more other cities throughout the state, throughout the entire country, to see what other jurisdictions are doing to address all the issues that we're aware of with with sound and water and lighting and all these other things that people are concerned with. So if we start with that very first section, applicability. Not leasing space to any other businesses, serving only that owner, it's not considered it's it doesn't fall under the the code requirements as uh an actual large data center would. So that's number one. Number two there, principal use, which I think is what what we're really concerned with, is defining a data center and then uh defining which zoning districts it can actually be built in. So most cities have you know, commercial or industrial zones. I think we are defining it as only being allowed within or C3, M1, M2, if it were allowed. So the C3 is commercial, minor, industrial, M1 is industrial general limited, M2 is industrial heavy. I think a common requirement is that they only be allowed within planned developments. So many of these cities don't allow them within just any zoning district by right, they're only allowed as part of a large planned area development where it's identified up front as part of this large development that there is a data center being proposed. Notes I made there in the different colors, color coded yellow is always bullhead, and then the other colors correspond to different cities. So that's the actual industrial zones without a PAD. That's one of the questions we had. And then uh you'll see their city of Chandler allows them only within the PAD overlay districts. City of Phoenix, allowed in commercial and industrial districts, but only with the special use permit that is considered by the planning and zoning commission first for a recommendation, and then decided on by city council, and then this new Bromfels in Texas uh requires a special use permit that is approved by the city council. Okay. Uh that being said, uh, first I'm going to turn to our city manager for a little bit of input. My apologies, Mr. Crowder, I didn't uh go to you first. No, no problem. I uh know you had a couple things you wanted to say before we really got started. Well, sure. I I think the purpose of today's meeting is to talk about the data center ordinance. Uh many cities across the United States are dealing with this issue, not just for big buildings but for small buildings, and um, you know, we've looked at many, many dozens of ordinances, and many cities don't have ordinances, and so by right, certain things can happen in buildings when you don't have ordinances, and we do have concerns, and so we I think in front of you have uh proposed what might be the most restrictive data center ordinance in the United States of America. We're not perfect in this instruction, and so what we wanted to do today was to take the input of council and also the planning and zoning commission, um, and work through this, it would have to go back to P and Z and City Council. So today is in fact just a workshop. I also wanted to note that in addition to the planning commission and zoning members that are here, council member elect Miller is here, she would be voting on this. Council uh mayor elect head is here, he would be voting on this. So it's a team effort, it's um a project that we could just ignore and put our heads in the sand, and we could have a data center in the new building that's on Lawful Ranch Boulevard right across from the airport. Um we know of at least a proposal, a thought off of Silver Creek Road, and so we know that to be true. So, with that being true, we should be working on this. And I appreciate council coming here at three and spending a couple hours on this, and clearly we want public input, not just today, but at PNZ and the city council.

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