Public Meetings - Torrance, California

The Torrance City Council meeting of November 3, 2026, was noticed with closed session at 5:00 p.m. and regular business beginning at 6:30 p.m. in the Council Chamber at 3031 Torrance Blvd. The agenda included closed-session litigation, real-property, and labor items; community retirements and proclamations; a 14-item consent calendar; and one administrative ordinance item on potable-water irrigation of nonfunctional turf. Hearings and agency agendas were listed as none scheduled. No meeting minutes were available, and the provided transcript did not contain Torrance City Council proceedings; it consisted of unrelated hotel-feature, advertising, and music content. As a result, no public comments, deliberations, motions, or verified vote tallies could be summarized. Closed Session - Scheduled at 5:00 p.m.: agenda listed 13A anticipated litigation (two cases), 13B real-property negotiations with Torrance Unified School District for 12 school sites (Arnold, Carr, Edison, Victor, Walteria, Anza, Hickory, Bert Lynn, Madrona, Richardson, Seaside, and Fern), with City Manager Aram Chaparyan as agency negotiator and price and terms of lease or use agreement under negotiation. - 13C labor negotiations with 21 listed employee organizations or classifications; 13D existing litigation, Civil Rights Department v. City of Torrance, Court of Appeal Case No. B352855. Community Matters - Agenda listed resolutions honoring retirees: Charles Grant (Community Services Lead Maintenance Worker, 37 years), Phyllis Davis (Human Resources Customer Service Representative, 28 years), Bryan Okazaki (Police Officer, 22 years), and Carrie Harris (Forensic Supervisor, 20 years). - Proclamations: Torrance Centenarian Gasper Leto; Anti-bullying Awareness Week November 16–20, 2026; Small Business Week November 28–December 5, 2026; Torrance Education Foundation Month in November 2026. Consent Calendar - Agenda listed 14 routine items (8A–8N), including approval of October 6 and October 13, 2026 council minutes; Resolution No. 2026-100 amending the conflict-of-interest code and repealing Resolution No. 2024-77; July and August 2026 investment reports; extension of the World War II Japanese American Incarceration Monument grant performance period through February 1, 2029; Alta Loma Park playground change order extending substantial completion to December 1, 2026 and term through December 31, 2026; and a parking-structure change order at the Torrance Regional Transit Center with a revised total contract price of $35,928,369.40 and a 10% contingency of $3,266,215.40 through July 20, 2029. - Additional consent items included a $211,726 rifle-purchase change order (new total $728,802.23 for 58 rifles); airport electrical improvements with a $4,195,320.60 expenditure, including a $3,445,320.60 change order with a new not-to-exceed amount of $8,778,653.40 and a $750,000 construction-management amendment with a new not-to-exceed amount of $1,500,000 through June 30, 2028, plus a $3,847,935.98 appropriation and revised project total of $9,197,935.98; Final Tract Map No. 83816 and CEQA exemption; City Attorney pay adjustment of 9% to $25,046.57 monthly ($32,423 General Fund); transit safety plan submission; a $748,068 parks master plan contract for a 13-month period from December 1, 2026 to December 31, 2027; and a $1,031,000 COPS technology grant. Discussion Items - Administrative item 10A: Public Works proposed amending Torrance Municipal Code Article 4 of Chapter 6 of Division 7 and adding Article 6 to prohibit potable-water irrigation of nonfunctional turf, to comply with Assembly Bill 1572 and California Water Code Section 10608.14. The agenda also proposed CEQA exemptions under Guidelines Sections 15307, 15308, and 15061(b)(3), and approval of an ordinance summary for publication. Key Outcomes - No verified council actions, motions, or vote tallies were available from the provided materials because no minutes were supplied and the transcript did not include the city meeting. - The agenda listed adjournment to Tuesday, November 17, 2026, at 5:00 p.m. for closed session with regular business at 6:30 p.m., and noted Tuesday, November 10, 2026 as a City Council dark night.

The Torrance City Council met on Tuesday, November 3, 2026. The meeting was called to order at 5:01 p.m. for a closed session, with no reportable actions; regular business began at 6:30 p.m. in the Council Chamber at 3031 Torrance Blvd. Roll call showed Mayor and Councilmembers Barnett, Gerson, Carzonis, Lou, and Sheikh present; Councilmember Lewis was absent. The flag salute was led by Councilmember Sheikh and the invocation by Councilmember Gerson, who noted it was Election Day. The Council recessed to a second closed session at 8:05 p.m., reconvened at 9:03 p.m., and adjourned to November 17, 2026. (Note: the mayor's surname is transcribed inconsistently as both "Colani" and "Kalani" in the meeting record.) Closed Session - The closed session covered: anticipated litigation (two cases); real property negotiations with the Torrance Unified School District over lease/use agreements at 12 school properties; labor negotiations involving 21 employee organizations; and existing litigation in Civil Rights Department v. City of Torrance, Court of Appeal Case No. B352855. - The City Manager reported no actions from closed session. Community Matters & Proclamations - Adopted Resolution No. 2026-96 honoring Community Services Lead Maintenance Worker Charles Grant upon retirement after 37 years of service; Resolution No. 2026-97 honoring Human Resources Customer Service Representative Phyllis Davis after 28 years; Resolution No. 2026-98 honoring Police Officer Bryan Okazaki after 22 years; and Resolution No. 2026-99 honoring Forensic Supervisor Carrie Harris after 20 years. All four resolutions were adopted by unanimous vote of the members present, with Councilmember Lewis absent. - Presented a centenarian proclamation to Gasper Leto, Torrance's 13th centenarian honoree. Born October 21, 1926, Mr. Leto is a U.S. Navy veteran and has been a West Torrance resident for more than 60 years; his family joined him to accept the recognition. - Proclaimed November 16–20, 2026 as Anti-bullying Awareness Week; November 28–December 5, 2026 as Small Business Week; and November 2026 as Torrance Education Foundation Month. Torrance Unified School District board members thanked the Council on behalf of the district; Torrance Area Chamber of Commerce President and CEO Donna DuPron promoted the Small Business Week campaign; and TEF board members, including former Mayor Patrick Fury, highlighted the foundation's 34 years of work, more than $7.5 million in support to academic programs over the past five years, and $238,000 in checks to be presented to PTAs, schools, and clubs the next day. Public Comments & Testimony - Luke Creamer, speaking on behalf of residents of the 2400 block of Gramercy Avenue (transcribed as "Grammar City Avenue"), opposed the planned removal of four camphor trees, saying they provide shade, mitigate urban heat, support wildlife, and contribute to neighborhood character and property values; he submitted 26 resident signatures and cited the city's Standard Plan T-402 for preserving historic trees. Danny Spinalgo, a resident of the block since 1993, also urged preservation, stating residents had heard the trees might be cut the following week. - Julie Dogiri, New Horizons Civic Affairs Committee Chairperson, thanked the city and Councilmember Gerson for initiating a traffic safety study of Nadine Circle after an August 2026 crash in which a pedestrian in the crosswalk at 229th Street and Nadine Circle was injured and hospitalized; she noted the community is a senior community where many residents cross with canes and walkers. - Adam Schwartz (Downtown Torrance) called the Downtown Torrance Color Palette extraordinarily dated and limiting, stating Art Deco buildings historically used far more color than today's mostly beige palette. A Community Development staff member responded that long-range planning is already reviewing the palette and will bring something back to the Council in the future. - A resident living approximately 100 feet from the Sur Librea Park pickleball courts (former tennis courts re-striped to pickleball in 2001) urged the Council to approve re-striping the courts back to tennis once the new Wilson Park courts open; she cited noise, lights, lack of parking, and a promise made about 2.5 years earlier by Mr. John LaRock. Her neighbor Jim Alton supported reverting to tennis, describing a hit-and-run that damaged his car, a recycling bin smeared with excrement, and frequent parking conflicts. - "Tom" questioned the cost in item 8H. Chief of Police Bob Dunn explained that the $211,726 change order covers the remaining 58 rifles, for a new total of $728,802.23 for all 220 rifles; the initial June purchase was limited by a grant spending deadline. - Joe Buck (Oral Communications 2), a Hillside Zone resident, asked the Council to direct Community Development staff to respond to resident proposals and allow a genuine exchange before year's end, arguing that past Hillside Workshops were one-way presentations to residents. Consent Calendar - Approved en bloc (with Councilmember Lewis absent) items 8A (minutes of October 6 and 13, 2026), 8B (Resolution No. 2026-100 amending the Conflict of Interest Code and repealing Resolution No. 2024-77), 8E (Amendment 2 to the World War II Japanese American Incarceration Monument Project grant with the California Natural Resources Agency, extending the performance period to February 1, 2029), 8F (Change Order 1, Alta Loma Park Playground Replacement Project with Landscape Structures Inc., substantial completion revised to December 1, 2026, term extended to December 31, 2026), 8G (Change Order No. 1, Torrance Regional Transit Center parking structure with McCarthy Building Companies, Inc., contract price revised to $35,928,369.40 including a 10% contingency of $3,266,215.40, term through July 20, 2029), 8H (Change Order 1 for 58 rifles from ProForce Law Enforcement, $211,726, new total $728,802.23), 8I (Change Order No. 2, Zamperini Field electrical improvements with Royal Electric Co., $3,445,320.60, new not-to-exceed $8,778,653.40; appropriation of $3,847,935.98 from the Airport Fund; and second amendment with Kane Construction Services, Inc., $750,000, new not-to-exceed $1,500,000, term extended to June 30, 2028), 8J (Final Tract Map No. 83816 with a CEQA categorical exemption under Guidelines Section 15332), and 8M (Citywide Parks Master Plan consulting agreement with Berry, Dunn, McNeil & Parker, LLC of Portland, ME, $748,068, for a 13-month period from December 1, 2026 through December 31, 2027). - Item 8N (acceptance of a $1,031,000 U.S. Department of Justice COPS Office Technology and Equipment Program grant for the Police Department's Public Safety Digital Infrastructure Modernization Project) was removed from the Consent Calendar; the transcript does not record a separate Council action on it. Separately Considered Consent Items - 8C and 8D: Investment Reports for July and August 2026 were accepted and filed. Councilmember Barnett noted the reports are now nearly current, with one more month needed to reach compliance with the 60-day investment policy; the Treasurer confirmed. - 8K: Adopted Resolution No. 2026-101 increasing the City Attorney's monthly salary by 9% to $25,046.57, effective November 1, 2026, following the required Brown Act announcement by the City Manager's Office. Expenditure: $32,423 (General Fund). - 8L: Approved submission of the Transit Department's Annual Public Transportation Agency Safety Plan. Transit Director Kim Turner said the federally required plan secures continued federal funding equal to approximately 11–14% of the department's budget and commended Deputy Transit Director Godfrey O'Fabu and the safety committee. Discussion Items - Item 10A: The Council discussed and adopted on first reading Ordinance No. 3971, which amends Article 4 and adds Article 6 to Chapter 6, Division 7 of the Torrance Municipal Code to prohibit potable water irrigation of nonfunctional turf, implementing AB 1572 (California Water Code Sections 10608.12 and 10608.14). Public Works staff (Chuck Scheip and Policy and Resource Specialist Lily Myers) presented the ordinance. Key points included: the law phases in by 2027 for local government and public agency properties, 2028 for commercial, industrial, and institutional properties, and 2029 for HOA common areas; individual residential properties are excluded; sports fields and picnic areas are functional turf and are not affected; compliance may be achieved by stopping irrigation, converting to low-water landscaping, or using recycled water where available; enforcement is education-first with a written warning and time to correct, with penalties increasing only if a violation continues within a 12-month period; and the Water Commission endorsed the ordinance on September 23. Staff confirmed there is no minimum or maximum turf size threshold, affected customers (including those in the Cal Water service area, in coordination with Cal Water) will be notified by January 1, 2027, and the city receives no state compensation for implementing the program. The Council also adopted a CEQA categorical exemption under Guidelines Sections 15307, 15308, and 15061(b)(3), and approved the ordinance summary for publication. Second reading and adoption are scheduled for November 17, 2026. Council Announcements - Councilmember Carzonis placed a full recusal statement on the record for the Walteria Terrace Gardens mixed-use senior housing project, disclosing a $1,000 campaign contribution received on November 4, 2025 from Rolling Hills Business Center LLC, owned by a neighboring property owner participating in the proceeding; he recused himself under the Levine Act and noted he had disclosed the recusal at the Planning Commission but inadvertently not at the City Council meeting. - The Mayor announced that Waymo has expanded its paid, fully electric autonomous ride-hail service into Torrance, with local testing by trained safety drivers. The chair of the State Legislative Advocacy Committee invited the community to a meeting on Friday, November 6, 2026, at 2 p.m. in the Council Chamber. - Councilmember Gerson announced an extended November 14 application deadline for the Torrance Sister City youth exchange with Kashiwa, Japan; a District 6 community update on November 5 at 4 p.m. at New Horizons Clubhouse; and the Summit Beer Festival at Zamperini Field on November 7 (about 70 independent craft breweries, 1–5 p.m., 21 and older). - Councilmember Barnett announced a District 4 community meeting on November 16 from 4–6 p.m. at the Attic Teen Center and a Strategic Plan Committee meeting on November 5 at noon. - Fire Chief David Dumay reminded the community of the Torrance Refining Company monthly siren test on November 4 at 11:30 a.m. and encouraged sign-up for the Torrance Alerts emergency notification system. - Several members noted that November 3, 2026 was Election Day, with polls closing at 8 p.m., and encouraged civic engagement. Key Outcomes - Adopted Resolutions No. 2026-96 through 2026-99 honoring four retiring employees. - Approved the Consent Calendar en bloc (items 8A, 8B, 8E–8J, 8M) and separately approved items 8C, 8D, 8K, and 8L, all with Councilmember Lewis absent; item 8N was removed from the Consent Calendar with no subsequent action recorded in the transcript. - Adopted Resolution No. 2026-101 setting the City Attorney's salary at $25,046.57 per month (a 9% increase), effective November 1, 2026. - Adopted Ordinance No. 3971 on first reading (unanimous among the six members present), including CEQA exemption findings and approval of the ordinance summary for publication; second reading and adoption are scheduled for November 17, 2026. - Adjourned to Tuesday, November 17, 2026, at 5:00 p.m. for closed session, with regular business at 6:30 p.m.; November 10, 2026 is a Council dark night (no meeting).

The Torrance City Council convened on October 20, 2026, at 5:00 PM for Closed Session and resumed for its Regular Meeting at 6:29 PM. The meeting included proclamations, public comment, consent calendar approvals, and major administrative actions on a Mills Act contract, a partnership with LA County for the homeless pallet shelter, and the WWII Japanese American Incarceration Monument construction. Consent Calendar - Items 8A–8N: Routine items were approved collectively, including meeting minutes, 2027 Dark Nights, a legal services amendment with Ice Miller LLP ($686,000), personnel actions (Performance Auditor position, class specifications for Digital Evidence Technician and GIS Administrator, position reclassification), an eProcurement system agreement with PlanetBids ($176,288), utility truck purchases ($527,417), a firefighter training agreement, and a water main replacement contract ($3,751,173). - Item 8B: The second reading of Ordinance 3970 amending the Cottage Food regulations passed (6–1, Mayor Kalani voting no). - Item 8J: The PlanetBids consulting agreement was approved. Councilmember Shake requested that future staff reports include historical spending data for trend analysis. Public Comments & Testimony - Joe Buck (Hillside Resident, 43 years): Expressed frustration that staff held two workshops instead of a public hearing for changes to Article 41 of the Municipal Code and closed the public submission period on August 31 without meaningful Planning Commission consideration. Urged the council to schedule a public hearing on his proposed hillside protections. - Adam Schwartz (Torrance Theater Company Representative): Expressed gratitude for city support and announced the completely sold-out run of A Gentleman's Guide to Love and Murder, noted as bucking the struggling national theater trend. Invited remaining council members to attend. - Christopher Truman (Private Citizen): Argued the senior utility discount income cap ($39,900) is inequitable because it does not scale by household size and excludes mobile home residents on master meters. He reported that the discount costs the city $570,000 annually in transfers against $13 million in projected utility revenue growth. Requested the council align the limit with the Home Improvement Program ($58,300) or allow master-meter applications. - Gerald Miller (Mine Drive): Opposed the installation of nine new “No Trespassing/No Dumping” signs in his neighborhood, stating there is no dumping problem and that the signs are unnecessary and contradictory to planned walking paths. - Charlie Salinas (Resident): Made a general plea to drivers about increased traffic, running red lights, and the dangers of aggressive driving, particularly with the approaching holiday season. - David Ortiz (District 2): Expressed concern that new high-density housing is worsening traffic and questioned whether a $96,000 police grant for traffic study is sufficient without more officers on the street. Also asked about the status of the city's streetcars. - Remote Caller (Caller 8970): Argued that state housing mandates have eroded local control and encouraged voters to break up the supermajority in Sacramento as the only way to stop the trend. Discussion Items - 10A: Mills Act Contract (Historic Landmark 8, 1511 Acacia Ave): Staff presented a split recommendation. The Historic Preservation Commission recommended excluding non-historic garage repairs but requiring driveway restoration because it is visible from the street. The Community Development Director recommended excluding both the driveway (lacks historic character-defining features) and the garage (unpermitted addition, not part of the original landmark). Homeowner Lauren Cook requested the driveway be excluded to coordinate concrete work with the garage. Council voted unanimously to adopt the Community Development Director's recommendation, excluding both items from the property maintenance plan. - 10B: Homeless Pallet Shelter / LA County Partnership: Staff recommended a Letter of Agreement (LOA) to transfer operations of the 40-bed 3290 Temporary Housing Village to the LA County Department of Homeless Services and Health (HSH). Harbor Interfaith Services would subcontract with HSH. The city's annual cost drops from $1.89 million to $195,000 (maintenance plus weekday security guards). The county may fill up to 20% of beds (eight) with non-Torrance safety transfers. Councilmembers expressed concern regarding loss of direct local oversight but noted the 30-day city termination clause and improved access to countywide behavioral health and housing resources. The motion passed unanimously. - 10C: WWII Japanese American Incarceration Monument (Columbia Park): Council awarded the $17,273,315.85 public works contract to Golden Sun Enterprise, Inc. of Van Nuys. The city appropriated $7,922,835.85 from the General Fund. The state has committed $5 million. Councilmember Shake noted that donations received to date total under $94,000 against the broader fundraising campaign. Construction is projected to begin in November with a 303-day timeline. Councilmember Carzonis asked about JACL negotiations; staff reported they are nearing finalization. The motion passed unanimously. Key Outcomes - Proclamations: October 23–31, 2026 declared Red Ribbon Week; November 8–15 declared Military Veterans Appreciation Week (luncheon and resource fair to be held November 9). City Hall will be lit red for Red Ribbon Week. - Policy Referral: A councilmember (District 6) requested staff review the city's short-term rental ordinance and return with amendments to strengthen enforcement, align with SB 60, and establish a fine schedule. - Absence Excused: Councilmember Lewis was excused from the November 3 and November 17, 2026 meetings. - Closed Session: Conducted for Public Employee Performance Evaluation (City Manager, City Attorney), Labor Negotiations, and Anticipated Litigation (regarding the CEQA determination for the Cottage Food Ordinance). No reportable actions resulted. - Next Meeting: Tuesday, November 3, 2026, at 5:00 PM (Closed Session), 6:30 PM (Regular Business). October 27 is a City Council Dark Night.

The City Council convened in closed session at 5:00 PM and reconvened in open session at 7:10 PM. The agenda included only closed session items: a public employee performance evaluation, anticipated litigation, labor negotiations, and existing litigation. No public comments, consent calendar, or regular business items were scheduled or conducted. Closed Session - The City Council met in closed session under California Government Code sections for public employee performance evaluation (City Manager and City Attorney), anticipated litigation (one case), labor negotiations (21 employee organizations), and existing litigation (two cases: Zamperini Airfield Preservation Society v. City of Torrance and Torrance Airport Association v. City of Torrance). Key Outcomes - Upon reconvening, City Manager Aram Chaparyan reported no actions were taken during closed session. - The meeting adjourned at 7:10 PM to Tuesday, October 20, 2026, at 5:00 PM for a closed session, with regular business commencing at 6:30 PM in the LeRoy J. Jackson Council Chambers.

The Torrance City Council met on October 6, 2026, beginning with a closed session at 5:00 PM, followed by the regular public meeting at 6:30 PM in the Council Chamber. The meeting lasted into the early morning hours of October 7. Key actions included appointments to city commissions, decisions on the Seaside Ranchos Holiday Lights Display and Cottage Food Ordinance, approval of a controversial mixed-use senior housing project on Hawthorne Boulevard, and adoption of the FY 2025-26 Consolidated Annual Performance and Evaluation Report (CAPER). Consent Calendar - Approved the City Council minutes of August 25, 2026 and September 1, 2026 (Item 8A). - Ratified prior council action and approved an amendment to grant of easement for water facilities at 20500 Madrona Avenue (Item 8E). - Adopted a CEQA categorical exemption and approved a Consent to Alterations Agreement with Riviera Little League for a restroom facility at 23701 Ocean Avenue (Item 8F). - Items 8B (Statement of Investment Policy), 8C (Investment Report for June 2026), and 8D (Bank of America Treasury Services) were pulled for separate discussion and subsequently approved unanimously. Public Comments & Testimony - LuAnn Roswere spoke against a proposed massive industrial warehouse near the Torrance Refinery, citing toxic soil, methane concerns, traffic, and proximity to the refinery. - Joan Davidson echoed opposition to the warehouse and requested that Item 10C (Walteria project) be moved up on the agenda (request denied). - Sebastian Bogner announced a DEA Rx Takeback Day event on October 24, 2026. - Peter Brown criticized city staff for sidelining the Airport Commission and called for transparency and accountability. - Joe Buck urged the council to adopt temporary protective legislation for the Hillside Overlay District. - Clara Gerlock and Mia Mick (South High students) proposed installing pet waste bag dispensers at 10 largest parks, costing about $3,360, and received council encouragement to follow up. - Alex Lee (Key Club) advocated for the Start Strong Zambia initiative and suggested incorporating Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF into the community. - Tom/Ted supported the Airport Commission and complained about the sound system. - Matt Harley thanked Councilmember Shaikh for his work at the Cal Cities conference on the Murietta Resolution supporting local control. - David Wilson (remote) urged increased patrols and technology to combat catalytic converter thefts (10 per day reported). - Tony Iseta (Seaside resident) supported the Cottage Food Ordinance changes but noted inconsistent enforcement. - Vanessa Isada (Seaside resident) urged fair enforcement procedures and opposed an automatic three-citation ban without hearing. - Craig Robson (attorney for residents) questioned the CEQA exemption for the Cottage Food Ordinance and raised safety concerns. - Dave Brent (adjacent resident) opposed the Walteria project, citing traffic, parking, garage access, noise, and safety issues. - Andrew Riley recommended denial of the Walteria project and proposed six safety conditions if approved. - Annie Lee (neighbor) expressed concerns about tree damage, safety, and environmental impacts. - Kevin Nicano (adjacent resident) argued that removing the guardrail for the project creates a direct path into his home. - Judy Brunetti (Riviera HOA) opposed the Walteria project due to toxic dust, steep terrain, and traffic hazards. - Tom/Ted called the developer greedy and urged the council to prioritize public safety. - Mike Shuricht (lifelong resident) urged the council to stand by its original denial, noting no change in safety. - Livy Spatz urged reconsideration, citing the state HCD inquiry and safety risks. - Greg Schwartz (applicant representative) defended the project, noting it meets zoning and has been vetted over many hearings. - Additional remote speakers emphasized the need to change state laws and supported local control. Discussion Items - Commission Appointments (Item 6D): The council appointed Melissa Wright to the Civil Service Commission (term to 2029), Jean Higginbotham to the Historic Preservation Commission (to 2030), John Clifford to the Commission on Aging (to 2030), and Cindy Scotto to the Parks and Recreation Commission (to 2030), all by roll call votes. - Holiday Lights Display & Cottage Food Ordinance (Item 10B): Staff presented three traffic management options (A: no dedicated staffing, B: status quo, C: status quo with graduated ingress control). The council unanimously selected Option C. For the Cottage Food Ordinance, after public testimony, the council adopted the committee's recommendations with amendments: maintain the 8 PM closing time in December, allow front-yard sales, collection of donations, multiple customers on-site (subject to conditions), require customer trash receptacles, and include penalties for violations. The CEQA exemption was also adopted. The council directed staff to explore the feasibility of one-way streets in future years. - Mixed-Use Senior Housing Appeal (Item 10C): After extensive debate and public comment, staff recommended denial of the appeal and approval of a 20-unit senior apartment and commercial project on Hawthorne Boulevard. The council heard that the Housing Accountability Act prevented denial without objective safety evidence. Despite strong opposition, the council voted 5-2 (Councilmembers Carzonis recused, Liu and Shaikh dissenting) to approve the resolutions, rejecting the appeal. The project will still need to meet building and safety codes during plan check. - CAPER Hearing (Item 9A): The council conducted a public hearing on the FY 2025-26 Consolidated Annual Performance and Evaluation Report, which was submitted to HUD. No public comments were received. The council closed the hearing and voted to receive and file the report. Key Outcomes - Appointments: Melissa Wright (Civil Service), Jean Higginbotham (Historic Preservation), John Clifford (Commission on Aging), Cindy Scotto (Parks and Recreation) — all approved on a single motion. - Toy Drive: The council unanimously concurred to direct staff to waive facility rental fees for the Holiday Toy Drive and consider accommodating costs in future budgets. - Free Park Rentals: Councilmember Lewis's proposal to allow up to four hours of free annual park rental for registered neighborhood associations was unanimously concurred. - Coyote Management: The contract with the trapping company expired; a standby contract will be maintained. The city will enhance reporting via MyTorrance app, add signage, and enforce existing county laws against feeding wildlife. State SB 1135 was noted as supporting coexistence. - Holiday Lights Traffic: Status quo with graduated ingress control selected (unanimous). Staff to study one-way street feasibility for future years. - Cottage Food Ordinance: Amended as described above, with CEQA exemption and summary approved. - Walteria Project: Appeal denied; project approved (5-2). The developer agreed to three additional conditions including guardrail replacement and off-site improvements. - CAPER: Received and filed.

The Torrance City Council convened at 5:00 p.m. on September 22, 2026, for a closed-session-only meeting. All seven members (Mayor and six councilmembers) were present. The meeting included oral communications, a closed session on real property and labor negotiations, and adjournment to October 6, 2026. Call to Order, Flag Salute, and Invocation - Mayor Kalani called the meeting to order at 5:00 p.m.; the City Clerk conducted roll call. Present: Councilmembers Barnett, Gerson, Kartsonis (listed in the agenda; transcribed as Carzonis in the transcript), Lewis, Lou, and Shake, along with Mayor Kalani. - Councilmember Kartsonis led the flag salute; Councilmember Lewis delivered the invocation. Public Comments & Testimony - Oral Communications 1 was reserved for items not on the agenda. No in-person speakers signed up. - Staff reported one remote participant had signed up, and the first caller was admitted; the transcript does not include the substance of any remote comment before the Council recessed to closed session. Closed Session - The Council recessed to closed session with the City Manager and City Attorney. - Real property negotiations (California Government Code Section 54956.8): Agency negotiator Aram Chaparyan discussed price, terms, and conditions for an easement at 23009 Doris Way, Torrance, CA (APN 7515-018-900) between the City of Torrance and Southern California Edison; and price, terms, and conditions of a lease at 3481 Airport Drive, 200, Torrance, CA between the City of Torrance and Torrance Flite Park, LLC. - Labor negotiations (California Government Code Section 54957.6): The Council conferred about negotiations with 21 listed employee organizations and associations, including the Torrance City Employees Association, Torrance Fire Fighters Association, Torrance Police Officers Association, Torrance Police Commanders Association, Torrance Library Employees Association, Torrance Municipal Employees/AFSCME Local 1117, and other represented groups. Reconvene and Reports - After closed session, the City Manager reported no actions to report. - Councilmember Lewis exited the meeting at 5:18 p.m. Key Outcomes - No action was reported from closed session. - A motion to adjourn was made and seconded. - The Council adjourned to Tuesday, October 6, 2026, with closed session at 5:00 p.m. and regular business at 6:30 p.m. in the LeRoy J. Jackson Council Chamber. - Tuesday, September 29, 2026, was noted as a City Council dark night.

The Torrance City Council met on September 15, 2026, convening for closed session at 5:00 PM and open session at 6:30 PM in the Council Chamber. The meeting included a flag salute, invocation, community recognitions, public comments, a consent calendar, and several administrative matters. Notably, the Council addressed a controversial mixed-use housing development, the city's coyote management program, World War II Japanese American incarceration monument funding, and a special event permit for the Nike After Dark Tour. The Council also approved resolutions honoring retiring police personnel and recognized a centenarian resident. Recognitions & Proclamations - Adopted Resolutions 2026-82 and 2026-83 honoring Police Services Supervisor Kristine Kiesling (35 years) and Police Sergeant Ron Salary (27 years). - Presented a centenarian proclamation to Lydia Sidio, who turned 100 on September 14, 2026. - Recognized California Water Service’s 100 years of service and Jons Market’s 10th anniversary. Public Comments & Testimony Oral Communications 1: - Chris Truman (South Bay Forward) invited council to a transit summit and advocated for the K-Line extension and protected bike lanes on Redondo Beach Boulevard. - A resident (self-identified as a private citizen) urged the council to schedule a hearing on a proposed ordinance. - Charlie Salinas shared reflections on 9/11 and gratitude for avoiding alcohol. - Danielle Johnson (Torrance Art Museum Advocates) promoted upcoming exhibitions. - Dean Mochinaga (Torrance Tennis Players) and other speakers opposed converting tennis courts to pickleball courts, citing maintenance issues and reduced tennis access. - Elizabeth Yi, a Torrance parent and educator, described dangerously hot classrooms in Torrance Unified School District and urged council support for school facility bonds. - Several speakers supported the tennis players’ concerns. - Deborah Corwin called for mandatory spay/neuter ordinances and criticized city inaction on stray cats. On Item 10A (Coyote Management): - Kathleen Mueller, Jennifer King, Suzanne Hubert (Friends of Madrona Marsh), Danny Touche, Cecilia Bracamontes, Marco Garcia, and multiple remote callers opposed trapping, arguing it is ineffective, cruel, and wasteful. They urged redirecting resources to education and coexistence programs. Speakers cited scientific literature and examples from other cities (Pasadena, Calabasas, Lomita). One caller questioned whether the contract requires confirmation that trapped coyotes are linked to specific conflicts. On Item 10B (Japanese American Incarceration Monument): - Nicole Tang, granddaughter of project originator Kanji Sahara, urged rapid completion so surviving camp survivors could see their names on the wall. - Assemblymember Al Muratsuchi pledged continued state support and emphasized urgency. - Stacey Today (Advisory Group) and other community members (Alvin Takamori, Jenny Chimori, Nancy Hayata) testified in favor of Option 1 (proceed as designed) to avoid further delays and honor survivors. - Kay Oda (representing WWII Camp Wall) stressed the monument's role as a symbol against all injustices. On Item 10D (Airport Logo): - One speaker questioned whether the public survey explained the significance of the arches (concept two). Oral Communications 2: - A resident congratulated new Council members. Discussion Items Item 8O – Mixed-Use Development Appeal (Hawthorne Blvd): The Council considered whether to uphold an appeal and deny a 20-unit senior apartment project with 1,608 sq ft of commercial space, or to deny the appeal and allow the project. Councilmembers expressed strong personal opposition to the project but noted the city’s hands are tied under state housing law (Housing Accountability Act). Mayor Kalani cited legal risks, including fines and potential loss of local control. Councilmember Liu voted no; Councilmember Kartsonis recused due to a financial conflict. The motion to approve the project (deny the appeal) passed 6-1-1. Item 8P – Employee Compensation Resolution: Staff corrected a scrivener’s error noting a $710 expenditure (previously listed as $0). The resolution amends hours, wages, and working conditions for executive/management and certain full-time employees. Approved unanimously. Item 10A – Coyote Management Program Update: Community Services Director Ted Stevens presented data showing declining sightings (from 436 to 387) but at a cost of $150,000/year ($80,000 for trapping). Public testimony overwhelmingly opposed lethal trapping. Mayor Kalani shared a personal story of a coyote attack on her family’s dog but advocated for a shift to education-based coexistence, including an ordinance prohibiting wildlife feeding, reserving funds for case-by-case trapping, and enhanced public outreach. Councilmember Kartsonis asked about legal trapping locations and the science of population rebound. Councilmember Sheikh questioned trapping cost-effectiveness ($5,000–$6,000 per coyote). The Council unanimously approved the motion to: (1) accept the report; (2) not renew the current trapping contract; (3) explore an ordinance to ban wildlife feeding; (4) reserve funding for targeted trapping; (5) significantly expand education, possibly hiring an expert; (6) include a citywide mailer and online resources; and (7) reevaluate in one year. Item 10B – WWII Japanese American Incarceration Monument: Staff presented three options after bids exceeded the $10M budget by $7–8M. Public testimony uniformly supported Option 1 (proceed with current design). Advisory group members and community leaders stressed that survivors are dying and delay is unacceptable. Councilmember Kartsonis expressed disappointment the project was not completed earlier but committed to doing so. The Council unanimously approved Option 1, authorized a grant performance extension to February 1, 2029, and adopted the Donation and Donor Recognition Policy. Item 10C – 2027 Armed Forces Day Parade: Staff reported declining attendance across events and recommended adjustments (e.g., shifting Friday exhibit hours to 3–8 PM). The Council approved the committee’s recommendation to proceed with planning and directed staff to explore cost-saving measures. Item 10D – Torrance Municipal Airport Logo: Staff presented two concepts: Concept 1 (airport-focused with a P-38 and flight path) and Concept 2 (incorporating Torrance’s iconic arches). An online survey showed 80% preference for Concept 1. Some councilmembers wanted input from the Airport Commission, but Mayor Kalani noted past issues with the commission’s conduct. The Council approved acceptance of the committee minutes (as corrected) and direction to adopt Concept 1, with Councilmembers Lewis, Lou, and Sheikh voting no. Item 10E – Nike After Dark Tour LA 2026: Nike presented an updated half-marathon route through Torrance, Redondo Beach, and Hermosa Beach on October 24, 2026. The proposal included a $25,000 community impact contribution, $25,000 in-kind donation (Nike's Friends of the Park), 100 race bibs for Torrance residents, and 16 bibs for North High School students. Staff recommended acceptance. The Council approved the special event and the proposed fees and contributions unanimously. Key Outcomes - 8O (Mixed-Use Development): Appeal denied; project approved (6-1-1; Liu opposed, Kartsonis recused). Staff directed to adopt resolutions to allow the project. - 8P (Employee Compensation): Resolution adopted unanimously. - 10A (Coyote Management): Report accepted; contract with current trapper not renewed; staff to explore wildlife feeding ordinance, reserve funds for targeted trapping, enhance education, and reevaluate in one year. Unanimous. - 10B (Monument): Option 1 selected; grant extension authorized; donation policy approved. Unanimous. - 10C (Armed Forces Day): Committee recommendation approved; staff to seek efficiencies. Unanimous. - 10D (Airport Logo): Concept 1 adopted; committee minutes accepted as amended (5-3 vote). - 10E (Nike After Dark Tour): Special event permit approved with fees and contributions. Unanimous. The meeting adjourned at approximately 11:16 PM after reconvening from closed session, with a report that the Council had amended a disciplinary order by a 7-0 vote.

The Torrance City Council convened an adjourned regular meeting on September 1, 2026, beginning with a closed session at 5:00 PM and reconvening for open session at 6:31 PM. The meeting covered approval of a consent calendar with two items pulled for separate discussion, two public hearings on appeals of Planning Commission decisions within the Hillside Overlay, and a comprehensive economic development update. The Council denied both appeals, approved the development projects with conditions, and received the economic report. Public Comments & Testimony - Oral Communications 1: Charlie Salinas praised the city's cooperation regarding improvements to the Torrance War Memorial. Andrea Riley recommended Torrance Transit proactively provide route information to residents of the over 800 new housing units under construction on Hawthorne Boulevard. Dale Hall, an 81-year-old disabled Army veteran, demanded the immediate return of his prescribed wheelchairs, mobility ramps, and emergency generator seized by the city on February 17, stating the lack of notice and ADA accommodations violated his rights. - Item 9A - Public Hearing (459 Via El Chico): Appellant Igor Nestoskin requested a compromise requiring the lower 5.5 feet of four proposed second-floor windows facing his property to use obscure glazing or transom glass to protect his privacy. The project sponsor, John Groblowski (represented by Nagy Bakum), argued the 75-100 foot distance to the appellant's property made privacy impacts minimal, emphasized significant community outreach resulting in 20 support letters, and noted multiple design revisions to reduce massing. - Item 9B - Public Hearing (317 Calle Mayor): Appellant Jillian Danis, a lifelong resident, described severe privacy impacts from the proposed north-facing balcony and bedroom windows, stating they would directly overlook her pool, yard, and living space. Her attorney, William Beverly, argued the replacement of an unsafe, un-railed deck with enclosed space created a new vantage point, and that the correct legal standard should be "adverse impact" rather than "substantial adverse impact." Proponent Rick Kieser and architect Michelle Gaynor highlighted the project reduces deck area by 70%, eliminates a rooftop balcony entirely, and features a separation of over 160 feet. Neighbors testified on both sides of the privacy issue. A late-submitted email regarding view blockage from an adjacent neighbor was also read into the record. - Item 10A (Economic Development): No public testimony was provided. Consent Calendar - The Council approved the Consent Calendar unanimously, except for items 8A (pulled for councilmember recusal) and 8C (pulled for a community update on rubber wheel trolleys). - Item 8A (439 Via Linda Vista): Councilmembers Carzonas and Lou recused themselves. The Council approved the resolution to deny the appeal and uphold the denial of a Minor Hillside Exemption for a proposed 694-square-foot attached garage. - Item 8C (Rubber Wheel Trolleys): Transit Director Kim Turner and Fleet Manager Artistrada provided an update. Seven of ten trolley buses have been received, with three remaining. Service is planned to be ready by January 2027. Planned routes include a Torrance Trolley connecting major city destinations and a Beach Trolley. The Council approved the Second Amendment to the contract. Discussion Items - Item 9A (459 Via El Chico): Staff (Yolanda Gomez, City Attorney Patrick Sullivan) recommended denying the appeal. The City Attorney clarified the city's long-standing interpretation that impacts must be "substantial and adverse" to violate the ordinance. Staff further opined that state-mandated SB9 and ADU units on the appellant's property, which were built without Hillside Overlay review, could not invoke the overlay's protections. Council discussions focused on the topography hardship of the subject property, the significant distance between structures, and the extensive community outreach by the applicant. Councilmember Gerson stated the appellant did not meet the burden of argument. Councilmember Liu supported staff's analysis. - Item 9B (317 Calle Mayor): Staff recommended denying the appeal. Councilmember Lou introduced a late-arriving email from a neighbor concerned about view blockage. Councilmember Sheikh proposed a compromise to reduce the roof height by one foot and require tree trimming to address the view concern, which the applicant accepted. Councilmembers Gerson and Lewis felt the privacy and view impacts were not significant relative to existing conditions and distance. Councilmember Lou dissented, citing a violation of the appellant's property rights under the Hillside Overlay. - Item 10A (Economic Development Update): Economic Development Manager Fran Fulton presented a mid-year update for 2026. Highlights included the Torrance Passport Program (nearly 400 businesses), the use of Placer AI for property owner office hours, strong hospitality revenue (Transient Occupancy Tax up 7% year-over-year to $9.3 million), pre-engagement for the 2028 Olympics with the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee, and the retention of Hadrian through a $100,000 business attraction incentive. Finance Director Ian Daly noted Torrance has the third-largest sales tax base in Los Angeles County and the third-largest growth in assessed value. City Manager Aram Chaparyan framed these economic efforts as a citywide, cross-departmental ecosystem supporting business retention and attraction. - Councilmember Announcements: The meeting began with a flag salute and invocation. The Council adjourned in memory of Mark Christensen, a 38-year city employee and program specialist at Madrona Marsh. Announcements were made about the 25th anniversary of 9/11 remembrance ceremony, the November 3 general election, and upcoming commission openings. Key Outcomes - Closed Session: No reportable actions were taken. - Consent Calendar (Items 8B, 8D, 8E, 8F, 8G, 8H): Approved unanimously. - Item 8A (439 Via Linda Vista): Appeal of Minor Hillside Exemption denied. Vote: 5-0 (Councilmembers Carzonas and Lou recused). - Item 8C (Rubber Wheel Trolley Contract): Second Amendment to the contract with Hometown Manufacturing, Inc. approved. Vote: Unanimous. - Item 9A (459 Via El Chico): Appeal denied. Precise Plan of Development and Waiver of Setback approved. Resolutions 2026-79 and 2026-80 adopted. Vote: 6-0 (Councilmember Carzonas recused). - Item 9B (317 Calle Mayor): Appeal denied. Modification approved. Resolution 2026-81 adopted. Vote: 6-1 (Councilmember Lou dissenting, Councilmember Carzonas recused). The approval was conditioned on the applicant reducing the roof height by one foot and fulfilling a commitment to cut trees to preserve a neighbor's view. - Item 10A (Economic Development Update): Accepted and filed by the City Council. - Adjournment: Meeting adjourned to Tuesday, September 15, 2026.

The Torrance City Council met at 5:00 p.m. on Tuesday, August 25, 2026, in the LeRoy J. Jackson Council Chamber. The meeting included closed-session conferences, the appointment of a District 4 councilmember, consent calendar approvals, a citywide governance resolution, a commercial-to-housing feasibility study, and a parks project funding discussion. The meeting adjourned to Tuesday, September 1, 2026, at 5:00 p.m. for closed session, with regular business scheduled for 6:30 p.m. Closed Session - The council recessed to closed session for conferences with real property negotiators and labor negotiators, covering multiple property leases, easements, right-of-entry agreements, and city employee organizations. - Upon reconvening, City Manager Aram Chaparyan reported no reportable actions from closed session. Consent Calendar - Approved the City Council minutes of July 14, 2026. - Approved a CEQA categorical exemption and a ten-year lease agreement with Del Amo Fashion Center Operating Company, LLC, for the Torrance Police Substation at Del Amo Fashion Center. The lease is for $100 total, or $10 annually, from September 1, 2026, through August 31, 2036. - Approved memoranda of lease and landlord estoppel certificates and agreements for the Rolling Hills Plaza ground leases, considered separately as item 8C, with Councilmember Carzonis recused. - Accepted and filed the April and May 2026 investment reports and approved both after discussion. Finance Director Ian Daly explained that reconciling adjustments reflect routine in-transit items such as outstanding checks and deposits, and he agreed to consider providing more itemization after Councilmember Liu noted a large one-month increase in reconciling adjustments. - Approved the Fiscal Year 2024-25 Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program application. - Approved a first amendment to the policing-reform consulting services agreement with Teri Black & Company, LLC, dba Joseph Brann & Associates, increasing the not-to-exceed amount by $2,950,000 to a new total of $4,200,000 for implementation of the California Department of Justice policing reform agreement through January 4, 2031. - Approved a long-term encroachment agreement with AI TMMC Lomita Solar LLC for underground conduit and electrical conductors within the public right-of-way on Lomita Boulevard. - Approved first amendments to legal-services fee agreements with Richards, Watson & Gershon for the Kisiler and Nelsen litigation matters, increasing the not-to-exceed amounts by $348,200 and $310,000 respectively. These items were pulled and considered separately; Councilmembers Gerson and Liu recused. - Accepted and filed the Torrance Fire Department 2025 Annual Quality Improvement Update Report, SB1205 Compliance Report, Cardiac Arrest Task Force report, and the July 7, 2026 Employee Relations and Public Safety Committee minutes. - All remaining consent calendar items were approved unanimously in one motion. Public Comments & Testimony District 4 Vacancy Appointment - Twelve qualified applicants introduced themselves. Public speakers used one-minute comments during the appointment process and supported various candidates, including Adam Schwartz, Linda Barnett, Jessica Maldonado, Arohi Sharma, and Nita Ahmed. - One speaker said the choice should be returned to voters when possible and urged the council to pursue moving elections to March. Oral Communications 1 - A resident described neglect at the Torrance War Memorial, including dead roses, burned-out lights, ants, and people sleeping there, and requested city repairs. - A representative of the Torrance Theater Company thanked the community for sold-out performances of Frozen and promoted the upcoming season. - A resident objected to the city not accepting compostable bags in green waste, saying residents are forced to store food waste indoors and that the policy increases rodent and pest problems. She said she represented about five neighbors. - A commenter welcomed the reinstatement and promotion of Officer Concannon and praised the Dodger Stadium shuttle operated by Torrance Transit. - A resident from District 2 criticized bus-stop and street construction proposals, streetcar plans, and storm-drain maintenance, saying city officials should visit the areas before spending money. - A Torrance Rose Float Association representative reminded the community about a fundraiser at Lazy Dog Cafe. Item 10A - One resident supported the citywide governance resolution, saying residents should be able to ask any councilmember for help and that council unity was important. Item 10B - Charles Damer questioned who requested the REAP 2.0 study, why a Hawthorne Boulevard property not in the current housing element was selected, and why the Rhodium site was analyzed. He also raised concerns about parking ratios, visitor parking, and the property owners' lack of interest in redevelopment. Staff replied that the study was analysis only and did not approve any project or property acquisition. Staff agreed to give the Rhodium property owners a courtesy call. Oral Communications 2 - No public speakers appeared under Oral Communications 2. Discussion Items District 4 Vacancy Appointment (Item 6A) - City Clerk staff explained that the District 4 seat could not be placed on the November 3, 2026 general election ballot because the vacancy did not exist by the July 6 deadline. A timely-called special election would not have occurred until March 2, 2027, and staff cited a cost estimate of roughly $729,000 to $830,000 for one office. - Staff also noted that Torrance has historically filled vacancies by appointment, with appointments occurring 18 times between 1941 and 2022 and only three special elections. - The council took nominations and held multiple roll call votes. The field narrowed to Linda Barnett and Arohi Sharma. After a 3-3 tie and additional statements, the final roll call gave Linda Barnett five votes and Arohi Sharma one vote. The council then voted unanimously to approve Linda Barnett's appointment, and she took the oath of office. - Mayor Kalani thanked all 12 applicants, said all were qualified, and encouraged them to consider running in the March 2028 election. - Councilmember Gerson later commented that he believed the process favored the establishment over a younger, different voice, but he welcomed Councilmember Barnett. Citywide Governance by District Elected Policy (Item 10A) - Staff reviewed the city's transition to district-based council elections in 2018 while retaining an at-large mayor. Resolution 2026-76 reaffirms that councilmembers govern on an at-large basis, serve any resident who contacts them, and maintain professional city-manager government. - The council adopted Resolution 2026-76 unanimously. REAP 2.0 Commercial Redevelopment to Housing Study (Item 10B) - Community Development Director Michelle Ramirez and South Bay Cities Council of Governments Senior Project Coordinator Jake Romoff presented the Regional Early Action Planning 2.0 study. The study was funded by SCAG and prepared with the cities of Carson, Hawthorne, and Torrance. - Key findings included strong market demand in Torrance, the attractiveness of large surface parking lots for redevelopment, the importance of housing typology over raw density, the need for public intervention to support affordable housing, and the value of regulatory certainty and objective standards. - Two Torrance sites were analyzed: a Hawthorne Boulevard strip center and the large Rhodium surface lot. Staff emphasized that the designs were illustrative feasibility options, not proposed projects. - The council approved the study, authorized staff to pursue feasible recommended actions, and determined the project was categorically exempt under CEQA Guideline Section 15262. Staff confirmed no immediate housing element change was required and that the city is in the sixth-cycle housing element through October 2029. Hickory Park Multi-Use Court (Item 10C) - Staff reported that replacing the existing sand volleyball court with an approximately 6,500-square-foot futsal and multi-use court is technically feasible, but would trigger ADA restroom and path-of-travel improvements. The preliminary project cost estimate is approximately $1.75 million. - No dedicated capital funding is currently available. A Torrance resident offered up to $100,000 toward construction in memory of his late father, with a proposed commemorative dedication. - Staff presented two community engagement options: including the project in the citywide Parks Master Plan process, expected to conclude around December 2027, or conducting a separate project-specific engagement process. - Councilmember Gerson provided background on the project's origin and said the existing sand volleyball pit was effectively unusable. - Council discussion included corporate sponsorships, the feasibility of accepting the donation for the specific location, and adding the project to state and federal legislative advocacy priority lists. - The council accepted and filed the feasibility update and directed staff to include the project on the legislative advocacy committees' consideration list. Councilmember Gerson abstained. Key Outcomes - Appointed Linda Barnett to the District 4 City Council vacancy. The final ballot was 5-1 over Arohi Sharma, and the appointment motion carried unanimously. - Adopted Resolution 2026-76, establishing a citywide governance by district elected policy, unanimously. - Approved the REAP 2.0 Commercial Redevelopment to Housing Study and the CEQA categorical exemption, unanimously. - Approved all consent calendar items, including pulled items 8C, 8D/8E, and 8I/8J, with appropriate recusals. - Directed staff to continue exploring funding and sponsorship options for the Hickory Park multi-use court and to include it in legislative advocacy considerations. - Councilmember Lewis requested that the meeting be adjourned in memory of Dolly Parton; the council then adjourned to September 1, 2026, at 5:00 p.m. for closed session, with regular business at 6:30 p.m.