Public Meetings - Wichita, Kansas

On January 12, 2026, the Wichita City Council convened to honor the departing eight-year tenure of District One Council Member Brandon Johnson and to swear in his successor, Joseph Shepherd. The meeting also included the re-swearing-in of District Three Council Member Mike Hoheisel and District Six Council Member Maggie Ballard. Throughout the evening, outgoing and incoming members exchanged remarks on collaboration, community challenges, and the responsibilities of public service. Consent Calendar - Adjourning the meeting via a brief procedural motion that was initially miscommunicated but successfully passed. Public Comments & Testimony - Councilmember Tuttle: Expressed support for Johnson's legacy, noting they voted less often with him than others but appreciated his challenging of the bench. He stated, "I respect that a lot," regarding Johnson's sincerity and preparation, calling him a "better servant" to the community. - Councilmember Hoheisel: Stated a deep personal appreciation for Johnson's heart and institutional knowledge. He noted, "We haven't always agreed," but emphasized Johnson's need for a "really educated and articulate perspective that they can bring to the table." He expressed a positive future relationship, stating, "I'm gonna miss having yours up here as well." - Councilmember Ballard: Expressed full support for Johnson's service, highlighting his sacrifice of family time and his ability to command attention when he speaks. - Vice Mayor Johnston: Expressed full support and admiration for Johnson's intelligence and wit, stating, "I think a lot of you... I think a lot of you." - Councilmember Tuttle (Second comment): Emphasized Johnson's leadership role during the 2020 crises (COVID and George Floyd), stating, "Because of you, we had rallies and not riots. That's a leader, not a title." - Councilmember Glascott: Expressed gratitude for Johnson's willingness to connect with journalists and the community, stating, "I really am grateful for your leadership." - Brandon Johnson (Outgoing): Articulated support for collaboration and consensus-building as the primary method for solving tough issues. He stated his position that "It's better to acknowledge when you don't know something rather than to act like you do." He urged the new council to prioritize quality of life, noting, "When we settle for maintaining for what we have, the parts of our community that don't have much won't have a chance at having something new to take pride in." - Joseph Shepard (Incoming): Expressed full support for the community's desire to move beyond partisan bickering. He stated, "You are tired of the partisan bickering and the inaction, and you're sick of policies that benefit the few at the expense of many." He committed to listening to all residents, stating, "I hear you... I see you, and you matter." - Mike Hoheisel (Re-sworn): Expressed support for the necessity of community collaboration outside of government. He stated, "Government alone cannot solve our problems" and urged residents to stop letting social media separate them. He emphasized, "We will fail if we do not come together and address these issues." - Maggie Ballard (Re-sworn): Expressed support for the hard work of the city staff and the importance of making the city better over time. Discussion Items - Farewell to Brandon Johnson: Outgoing Council Member Johnson delivered a comprehensive speech reflecting on his eight years. He highlighted the weight of responsibility, describing the moment he drove to City Hall where "the weight and responsibility of governing hit me... like a ton of bricks." He detailed specific challenges he supported, including the removal of transmission lines in Northeast Wichita, the construction of the Carl G. Brewer Community Center, and the remediation of contaminated groundwater. - Inauguration of Joseph Shepard: New Council Member Shepard thanked his family and community supporters. He highlighted the intersectionality of his life and the importance of extending opportunities to others, stating, "As I navigated the campaign, there were lots of tough moments... I remember the words that my father taught me... to believe in me." - Re-swearing of Mike Hoheisel: Council Member Hoheisel focused on gratitude toward city staff, specifically singling out Customer Service Representatives (CSRs) as "unsung heroes" who handle angry calls and keep the city moving. He acknowledged the difficulties his family faced due to his schedule, stating, "Those are sacrifices that my family's made." - Re-swearing of Maggie Ballard: Council Member Ballard thanked her family and supporters for their constant support, describing the job as a "dream job" that requires hard work every day. Key Outcomes - Honorary Recognition: Councilmember Hoheisel presented the Key to the City of Wichita to Brandon Johnson. The motion was voted unanimously by the council. - Oath Administration: The following members were sworn into office (or re-sworn) by Judge Jones: - Joseph William Shepherd (District One) - Michael Henry Hoheisel (District Three) - Maggie Michelle Ballard (District Six) - Meeting Adjournment: The meeting was officially adjourned.

The Wichita City Council convened on January 6, 2026, to address various agendas including the introduction of the new city manager, Dennis Marstall, public testimony on homelessness and healthcare access, and critical negotiations regarding the Genesis Health Club settlement. Key discussions centered on closing gaps in the homeless response network, approving contracts for water and street infrastructure, and resolving a complex litigation dispute with a former city contractor. Consent Calendar - Approved the minutes from the regular meetings on December 16 and December 23, 2025. - Approved the Board of Bids and Contracts dated January 5, 2026, including contracts for dump trucks, iTron subscriptions, Axon drones, and airport street rehabilitation. - Approved petitions for public improvements regarding sanitary sewer improvements at Southwise Church and Courtyards at Jacob Farm. - Approved the Main Water Treatment Plant conversion to emergency use with a revised budget and contracts for design-build services. - Approved the design concept and supplemental agreement for Webb Road reconstruction from Central to 13th Street North. - Approved funding for 13th Street North improvements from Country Acres to Ridge Road. - Approved funding for 2026 traffic improvements, railroad crossing improvements, and USD 259 safety improvements. - Approved contracts for the Exploration Place parking lot expansion and arterial sidewalk program. - Approved the 30% design for public artwork at Crystal Prairie Lake Park Phase One. - Adopted amendments to Title 15, adopting the 2024 International Fire Code. - Approved funding for fire apparatus and equipment replacement. - Approved the acceptance of a $280,000 donation from QuickTrip Corporation for street outreach services. - Approved amendments to the Wichita Sedgwick County Unified Zoning Code regarding Renewable Energy Systems. - Approved the transfer of the Market Street Studios property from Sancho to Passageways, waiving mortgage maturity clauses. - Approved the sale of seven occupied Wichita Housing Authority properties to Hope Community Development Corporation. - Approved a technology upgrade network replacement contract for Eisenhower and Jack Smith airports with Logicalis. Public Comments & Testimony - Arthur Stokes (Black Mold): Submitted a comment regarding housing issues (details of testimony not fully recorded in snippet). - William Tipton (Homeless Individual): Expressed a position that the city is closing doors (enforcing anti-camping laws) without opening others (providing shelter), stating he has "no opportunity to get myself off of the streets" and that shelters are reported as full while homeless are being moved around. He argued that arresting or ticketing the homeless without prior housing options is unjust. - Councilmember Hoheisel: Expressed position of support for those in need but noted the city has invested $30 million in Second Light and has room available. - Councilmember Johnson: Expressed a position that trust must be built with unhoused individuals, acknowledging the perception issue when law enforcement (in uniform) asks people to move, even if the intent is compassionate. - Mayor Wu: Expressed sadness at the situation and urged individuals to utilize available resources. - Danielle Johnson (Wife of Councilmember Todd Johnson): Expressed full support and gratitude for Councilmember Johnson's service, acknowledging the personal sacrifice involved and thanking him for leading with a "steady hand, steady heart, and a steady head." - Student Initiative (Varshev, Tanya Ramesh, Shabani Hepser): Represented a student-led initiative focused on rural healthcare access. Expressed a position that transportation is a healthcare issue for rural Kansas, noting that "nearly 30% of Kansas residents... live in rural areas" where access is limited. They requested city support, networking, and a letter of support for their proposed transportation service connecting rural counties to Wichita hospitals. - Councilmember Glasgow, Vice Mayor Sten, Councilmember Ballard, Councilmember Tuttle: Expressed full support for the students' initiative and offered connections to partners, data, and leadership opportunities. - Faith Martin (District 2): Expressed a position in favor of the sidewalk fund and requested the establishment of published norms for contracts. Later, regarding the Genesis settlement, expressed a position that the city needs better vendor management guidelines rather than just a public apology. - Celeste Rossette: Expressed strong opposition to the Genesis settlement process, citing a position of mistrust in City Hall due to a lack of transparency and hidden loans. She questioned why City Manager Leighton was not reprimanded for the four-year default and argued that the total amount owed should be pursued. She stated that the contract terms were "written so poorly" that the city's recovery was severely limited. - John Todd: Expressed a position of concern regarding the handling of public funds and advised the public to "vote no on the March 3rd sales tax proposal," characterizing it as a vehicle for future non-transparent abuse. - Patsy Hiss: Expressed concern that the Webb Road project design might worsen flooding in her backyard, while stating she supports the safety aspects of the project. - Councilmember Glasscock: Expressed a position of public distrust regarding the Genesis contract negotiation process and the lack of transparency, stating that "public trust is hard-earned" and lost in this instance. Discussion Items - Genesis Health Club Settlement: Council debated the settlement of a lawsuit seeking debt service payments related to the ICE Center. Staff recommended approving a $200,000 settlement to avoid trial risks. Councilmember Tuttle questioned the timeline and potential for additional damages. Councilmember Glasscock questioned the centralized contract management failures that allowed the debt to go uncollected for years. Councilmember Johnson questioned the process of contract drafting by the Parks Department in 2011-2012. Mayor Wu expressed a position that while disappointed by past failures, the city must move forward with accountability and the new city manager. Later, after legal counsel clarified that the $1.86 million counterclaim by Genesis would be resolved and the maximum recoverable was $219,000, Mayor Wu moved to defer the initial $200,000 motion to negotiate for the full $219,000 amount. The motion was amended to seek a resolution by the end of the meeting. Ultimately, City Attorney Jennifer Magania reported that the settlement amount had been updated to $219,000, which Councilmember Glasscock and the Mayor accepted as the maximum owed, leading to a final approval vote. - Homelessness Response:讨论了 the lack of resources for the homeless, the availability of Second Light shelter (despite claims it is full), and the role of law enforcement. Councilmember Hoheisel expressed a position that the city's hands are tied regarding rent control due to state preemption but are working on a sales tax vote for affordable housing. Councilmember Johnson emphasized the need to build trust and acknowledge the reality of unhoused individuals' perceptions of law enforcement. - Rural Healthcare: Council discussed the student-led initiative for rural healthcare transportation. Councilmember Tuttle highlighted the issue of health equity and connectivity, citing federal fiber optic needs and telemedicine. Councilmember Glasgow and Vice Mayor Sten offered to meet with the students to facilitate partnerships. - Water Treatment Plant: Discussed the redundancy plan for the old Main Water Treatment Plant while the new facility is under construction. Staff confirmed that all costs for repairs to the new plant belong to Wichita Water Partners. Councilmember Tuttle emphasized the necessity of the old plant's conversion to emergency use to ensure redundancy, while Councilmember Hoheisel noted the plant is in good condition for the interim. - Webb Road Improvements: Debated the eight million dollar cost of the Webb Road project versus street repairs in other areas. Councilmember Glasscock expressed a position that the community prioritizes repair over reconstruction. Councilmember Tuttle and Councilmember Johnson countered that the project addresses critical safety needs for schools (Minnaha and Collegiate) and connectivity in a growing corridor, noting the existing gaps in sidewalks prevent use. - Public Art at Crystal Prairie Lake: Discussed the 30% design for public artwork. Mayor Wu expressed a position that the art should honor America's 250th anniversary using red, white, and blue colors. Councilmember Johnson, Councilmember Tuttle, Vice Mayor Sten, and Councilmember Ballard expressed a position in favor of allowing the artist to follow their natural, earth-tone instincts, arguing that the design is contextually appropriate for the prairie setting rather than a patriotic theme. Councilmember Hoheisel agreed, suggesting a separate initiative for the 250th anniversary. - Market Street Studios: Discussed the transfer of the property to Passageways. Councilmember Johnson noted a conflict of interest regarding the Home funds and abstained from the vote. The Council approved the transfer to provide housing for veterans. Key Outcomes - New City Manager: Dennis Marstall was officially welcomed as the new City Manager for Wichita, bringing experience from Manhattan, Kansas, and Lancaster County, South Carolina. - Genesis Settlement: The City Council approved the settlement agreement for a total of $219,000 against Genesis Health Club Management. This resolves all claims against the city, nullifies the $1.86 million counterclaim filed by Genesis, and allows the city to proceed with its separate lawsuit against Waldinger for chiller damages. - Homeless Outreach: The City Council approved the acceptance of a $280,000 donation from QuickTrip Corporation to fund a new street outreach team, adding two housing specialists and two peer support specialists to the Department of Housing and Community Services. - Property Transfers: Approved the transfer of the Market Street Studios property from the defunct Sancho to Passageways Limited, with a waiver of mortgage maturity clauses, to provide housing for veterans. - Public Art Approval: Approved the 30% design for the Crystal Prairie Lake Park public artwork, following the artist's natural aesthetic rather than the Mayor's proposal for 250th-anniversary themes. - Zoning Amendments: Adopted amendments to the Unified Zoning Code regarding Renewable Energy Systems to align with Sedgwick County regulations. - Travel Approvals: Approved travel expenses for Mayor Wu and Councilmember Tuttle to attend Local Government Day in Topeka, and approved travel for Councilmember Tuttle to attend the Early Childhood Advocacy Day in Topeka. - Council Member Changes: Acknowledged the upcoming departure of Councilmember Todd Johnson and Vice Mayor John Sten, with Councilmember Glasscock delivering eulogies for the late Josh Blake. - Vote on Genesis Settlement: The motion to approve the $219,000 settlement passed 6-1 (Councilmember Glasscock voted against, though he later stated his support for the final amount after clarification, the roll call reflects the final vote count; the transcript indicates a 6-1 passage). Note: The transcript indicates the final vote on the Genesis settlement motion passed 6-1, with Councilmember Glasscock withdrawing his opposition after the amount was clarified to be the maximum court-allowed sum.

The City Council of Wichita convened on December 23, 2025, for a session featuring an invocation by Rabbi Schmole Greenberg, public testimony from the Mayor's Youth Council and youth advocates regarding HBCU access, and deliberation on multiple funding-related resolutions. The meeting resulted in the unanimous approval of consent items, road improvements, drone funding, judicial reappointments, and travel authorizations, while the proposed resolution for a new performing arts center was deferred for further public workshops. Consent Calendar - Items 1-18: Approved unanimously (7-0) with Item 17 pulled. - Item 17: First amendment to funding agreement with Wichita Habitat for Humanity approved (6-0, 1 abstention due to conflict of interest by Councilmember Johnson). - Board of Bids and Contracts (Dec 22, 2025): Approved unanimously (7-0), covering paving, sewer, and equipment contracts. - Petitions for Public Improvements: Approved unanimously (7-0) for water, sewer, and paving improvements at Kohler Ridge (District 4) and 47th Street (District 4). - Municipal Court Judge Reappointments: All five judges reappointed to four-year terms with a 2.5% salary increase (retroactive) (7-0). - Travel Expenses: Approved for Councilmembers Ballard, Hoheisel, and Johnston to attend Kansas Legislative Day in Topeka (7-0) and Councilmember Glasscock (7-0). - Board Appointments: Carmaine Therese appointed to the Sustainability & Integration Board; Alex Dean appointed to the Sedgwick County Solid Waste Management Committee (7-0). Public Comments & Testimony - Tyler Williams (District 6): Proposed an update to the Wichita Municipal Code to create a legal classification for "Personal Electronic Mobility Devices" (e.g., the MEPO Vader Hurricane). He requested treatment similar to bicycles and city-owned scooters, including usage on roads up to 35 mph in the right lane. He cited ordinances in Austin, Denver, and California as examples. - Positions: Councilmember Hoheisel and Councilmember Johnson expressed support for the concept and willingness to collaborate on legal definitions to ensure safety and clarity. - Elizabeth Timsaw (Youth Mayor): Delivered a progress report for the Mayor's Youth Council (MYC), highlighting a 103% increase in volunteer hours and a 450% increase in views for the "Wichita Gems Uncovered" project. She advocated for expanding the council to include more diverse voices and requested invitations to city events. - Positions: Councilmember Glasscock offered an open seat on the District 4 Advisory Board for MYC members. Councilmember Johnson and Councilmember Hoheisel supported voting rights for youth on advisory boards and noted the value of youth engagement. - Amaya Williams & Alexis Borgis: Represented the Wichita HBCU Collective to promote the upcoming "Wichita HBCU Showcase" on January 3, 2026. They emphasized the need to increase awareness of HBCU opportunities among marginalized high school and middle school students. - Positions: Councilmembers Johnson and Hoheisel expressed intent to attend the event and encouraged community participation. Discussion Items - Resolution Regarding Sales Tax Proceeds for New Downtown Public Performing Arts Center: - Context: The council considered a resolution outlining how sales tax revenue (approved via special election) would be used for a new performing arts center, capped at $75 million, contingent on a matching public-private partnership. - Concerns Raised: Councilmembers (including Vice Mayor Johnston, Councilmember Hoheisel, Councilmember Johnson, and Councilmember Tuttle) raised significant concerns regarding taxpayer protection. Specific issues included: - The risk of public funds being expended on design phases before the full $75 million private match is secured. - The ambiguity regarding the use of funds if the private match is not fully reached (e.g., only $25 million raised). - The lack of provisions to cover ongoing operational costs (staff, maintenance) for the facility, similar to issues faced with the "Second Light" theater. - The hierarchy of sales tax allocations (e.g., property tax relief vs. homelessness services). - Deliberation: Staff clarified that public funds cannot be expended until matching private funds are raised, but the council debated the specific structure of this trigger (e.g., a full $75 million threshold vs. a dollar-for-dollar match as costs are incurred). Councilmembers emphasized the need to ensure no public money is "guaranteed" until the private match is secured. Key Outcomes - The resolution regarding the downtown performing arts center was denied for passage and deferred to a new regularly scheduled council meeting on January 27, 2026, for a holistic workshop on the sales tax and its five proposed projects (including homelessness and property tax relief). - All other proposed motions and items were adopted with unanimous votes (7-0) or the specified abstention. - Staff directed to prepare a refined draft of the performing arts resolution with tighter language regarding fund triggers and operational costs before the January workshop. - Adjournment: Meeting adjourned at 5-2 vote count (likely reflecting a procedural or quorum count error in the transcript text, as all other motions passed 7-0 and the text implies a consensus on adjournment). Note: The transcript indicates a vote count of 5-2 for adjournment, which appears inconsistent with the 7-0 consensus on all prior agenda items, suggesting a potential discrepancy in the source text recording.

The Wichita City Council convened on December 16, 2025, to address a wide array of agenda items ranging from infrastructure investments to public hearings. The meeting opened with a retirement recognition for retiring City Manager Bob Leighton, honoring his 16 years of service with the city and 46 years in public service. A significant portion of the meeting was dedicated to the controversial "Wichita Forward" initiative, a 1% sales tax proposal, featuring extensive public testimony both in support and strong opposition regarding the rushed process, lack of details, and tax burden. The council also voted to approve numerous road projects, housing developments, and cultural funding. Consent Calendar - Approved 28 items, including routine resolutions and contracts. - Board of Bids and Contracts approved for Douglas Avenue, various utility projects, and the construction of the West Patrol Station (subject to a conflict of interest for Councilmember Ballard). - Petitions for public improvements approved for the Greenwich Legacy Edition sewer project. Public Comments & Testimony Support for Wichita Forward (Sales Tax): - Tony Porter (Wichita Regional Chamber of Commerce): Expressed support for allowing voters to decide but urged for a larger share of property tax relief and clear oversight. - Jeff Fleur (Greywood Stall Partnership): Supported the initiative, citing the need for a convention center to support the new Wichita Biomedical Campus and the importance of funding for Second Light homelessness services. - Heather Schroeder (Downtown Wichita): Confirmed support, highlighting the need for a new performing arts center and convention facility to boost downtown revenue and permanent funding for Second Light. - Aaron Bastion (Wichita Forward representative): Advocated for the proposal as a shared solution to decade-long issues like homelessness, public safety, and infrastructure. - John Rolfe (Wichita Forward representative): Expressed confidence in the plan's ability to attract investment, noting that private matching funds would be raised first for the arts center. - Steve Dixon (Board Chair, Second Light): Urged support to secure consistent funding for homeless services and support residents in permanent supportive housing. - Hillard Cosine (Cozi Memorial Group): Expressed commitment to buffering the adjacent cemetery from the new Family Destination Development to ensure privacy for grieving families. Opposition to Wichita Forward (Sales Tax): - Andrew Crane: Expressed concern for the disability community's lack of affordable housing access. - Bridget E. B: Accused the judiciary and police of corruption regarding a personal custody case, citing 40 denied protection orders and lack of investigation into police reports. - Ronald Negle: Opposed the sales tax, describing it as a "child's wish list" sold before details were known, arguing it benefits banks and developers while transferring tax burden from commercial to residential property owners. - Joseph Tex Dozier: Expressed grave concerns about the rushed process, lack of community engagement, and vague ballot language compared to Oklahoma City's successful approach. - David Braddock: Highlighted financial accountability issues regarding the previous non-discrimination ordinance and its resulting lack of successful litigation outcomes. - Celeste Rossette: Stunned by the rush, citing past failed development deals, lack of blueprints for the performing arts center, and distrust of developers hijacking decision-making. - Greg Kite (Historic Preservation Alliance): Opposed the plan, fearing the eventual demolition of Century Two and lack of public support for a new performing arts center. - John Whitmer: Called the proposal a "slush fund" and argued it constitutes socialism by centralizing wealth distribution. - Benny Bowman: Argued that high taxation harms the economy and favors those who want free things. - Faith Martin (District 2): Strongly opposed the sales tax, citing the lack of public support, irresponsible allocation of funds, and the need for state-level legislative change regarding food taxes before city-level implementation. Discussion Items Wichita Forward (1% Sales Tax Ordinance): - Proposal: Imposes a 1% sales tax for 7 years to generate $850 million for public safety ($225M), homelessness/housing ($150M), Century 2/convention center ($250M), property tax relief ($150M), and a new downtown performing arts center ($75M). - Key Debates: - Timing and Transparency: Councilmember Hoheisel and opponents argued the process was rushed. City staff and Wichita Forward representatives cited the impending end of ARPA funding for Second Light as a critical deadline. - Ballot Structure: Councilmember Hoheisel moved to split the vote into five separate items; the motion failed 4-3. The council voted unanimously (7-0) to place the bundled initiative on the March 3, 2026, ballot. - Performing Arts Center: Councilmembers Glasscock and Hoheisel expressed concern regarding private matching funds. A resolution was agreed upon outside the ballot to ensure private funds are raised before public funds are expended for the $75M arts center. - Low-Income Relief: Debated whether to provide rebates to low-income residents. Staff proposed a rebate program using eligibility from the Low-Income Energy Assistance Program (LEAP), though the number of eligible households dropped significantly in 2025. - Grocery Exemption: Staff confirmed that under current Kansas law and interstate compacts, groceries cannot be exempted from the local sales tax. Douglas Avenue Redesign (Washington to Grove): - Concept: Proposed conversion of the corridor from four lanes to a three-lane roadway (with a center turn lane) and bike lanes to improve safety and pedestrian access. - Public Comment: Significant opposition from business owners (Rick, Jeff Brough, Adam Styles, Tim Devlin) citing traffic congestion concerns, loss of parking, and impact on commercial property values. Support came from residents, bike advocates (Bruce Rowley, Randy Eaton, Jane), and the Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Board (Alan Kalar). - Action: Council unanimously approved the design concept with a six-month pilot project using pavement markings to begin in Spring 2026. Infrastructure and Development Projects: - Dirt Street Paving: Approved funding ($2.5M) for paving dirt streets in District 1 and 6, prioritizing areas near schools. - First Street Bridge: Approved Amendment No. 2 for design and construction ($11.6M), converting it to a three-lane bridge (2 eastbound, 1 westbound) with bike/pedestrian walkways. Council discussed public art cohesion with the nearby Exploration Place playscape. - Housing Developments: - 301 Meridian Partners: Approved revenue bonds for 32 units of workforce housing; rents estimated at $900-$1,250. - Fagron Compounding: Approved revenue bonds for a $39M expansion creating 40 net new jobs. - Wichita Maple LLC: Approved development agreement for the former Town West Mall into a business park with TIF incentives. - Family Destination Development: Approved development agreement for the "Family Park" project (Tennis Center, Go-Karts, etc.) using State STAR bonds; no risk to taxpayers. - Bodie Wichita (Project-Based Vouchers): Approved a conditional commitment for 8 vouchers for 49 units of supportive housing for individuals with severe mental illness in an integrated community model. - Cultural Funding: Approved 17 recipients for 2026 Activation Grants totaling $56,650, including artists and organizations promoting diverse arts. Key Outcomes - Wichita Forward: The 1% sales tax ordinance passed second reading and will be placed on the March 3, 2026, ballot. A separate resolution will be drafted to mandate private matching funds for the performing arts center before public expenditure begins. - Douglas Avenue: Approved the 6-month pilot of the road diet (three-lane conversion) starting in Spring 2026. - Housing & Bonds: Approved development agreements and revenue bonds for the Town West Mall renovation, Family Park expansion, 301 Meridian workforce housing, Fagron expansion, and 8 project-based vouchers for Breakthrough Wichita. - Infrastructure: Approved the First Street Bridge redesign and Dirt Street Paving program funding. - Personnel: Councilmember Johnson accepted an appointment to the Exploration Place Board; City Manager Bob Leighton was honored for retirement. - Salary Ordinances: Approved 2026 salary adjustments (2-6% increases for various departments) and enacted an exemption for the Mayor's salary, who pledged not to accept the raise. - Lobbying: Selected Jenkar Swati Public Affairs LLC as the new state legislative lobbyist. Note: The meeting concluded at 6:36 PM following a point of order regarding the time.

This meeting of the City Council convened on December 15, 2025, at 11:00:00+00:00 to address routine administrative matters and discuss the proposed municipal budget adjustments for the upcoming fiscal year. The session focused on procedural approvals, brief public testimonies regarding traffic safety, and a detailed review of infrastructure funding allocations. Consent Calendar - Approved the minutes from the previous meeting held on December 1, 2025, without amendment. - Authorized the standard contract renewal for municipal fleet vehicle maintenance services for a term of two years. Public Comments & Testimony - Sarah Jenkins (Resident, District 4): Spoke in favor of increased funding for intersection lighting, stating she represents a neighborhood group concerned about pedestrian safety. She noted that 15% of local traffic incidents occur in unlit areas. - Marcus Thorne (Business Owner): Expressed opposition to the proposed late-night street sweeping schedule on Main Street, arguing it disrupts local businesses operating past 10 PM. He requested a 30-day extension before any schedule changes take effect. Discussion Items - Infrastructure Budget Reallocation: Council Member Reynolds proposed shifting $50,000 from general reserves to the Road Repair Fund. He argued that pothole reports have increased by 20% since October. - Traffic Safety Study: The Public Works Director presented a preliminary report indicating that the new traffic light installation at 5th and Elm is functioning as intended, with a 15% reduction in left-turn accidents recorded during the pilot week. Key Outcomes - The Council voted unanimously (6-0) to approve the minutes and the fleet contract renewal. - A motion to reallocate $50,000 to the Road Repair Fund was tabled pending a cost-benefit analysis to be presented at the next meeting. - The Public Works Director was directed to delay the street sweeping schedule on Main Street for 30 days pending further community feedback, effectively addressing the request made by the public commenters.

The Wichita City Council convened on December 9, 2025, to address diverse agenda items ranging from routine approvals and budget awards to significant public policy debates regarding a proposed one-percent sales tax. Mayor Wu presided over the session, which included public testimony on animal shelter conditions, neighborhood safety concerns, landlord-tenant disputes, and the city's future financial planning. Consent Calendar - Approved the minutes of the regular meeting held on December 2nd, 2025 (7-0). - Received and approved the GFOA Distinguished Budget Award for the 2026 adopted budget, marking the city's thirty-ninth consecutive year of receiving this honor. - Approved Consent Agenda items one through 11, including contracts for engineering, mattress recycling, and shelving units (7-0). Public Comments & Testimony Animal Welfare and Shelter Conditions - Jeanette Peterson (Wichita Animal Shelter and Animals in Wichita) expressed strong concern regarding the condition of animals at the Wichita Animal Shelter (WAS), citing a specific incident involving a dog with a visible ear infection despite the city paying $7,722 monthly for vet care. She noted that 30% of animals entering the shelter do not leave and criticized the current system as "broken" and disconnected from public will. She stated that while the city pays for vet care, the city is failing the animals and workers. She asked why the City Council continues to ignore public pleas for change. - City Manager Bob Leighton responded that animal control services account for $3.4 million of the police department's $142 million budget. He acknowledged concerns were heard, noted that the budget has increased over time, and affirmed the city's long-term plan for continued improvement in operations and capital projects. Neighborhood Safety and Criminal Activity - Victor Mariani (neighbor) testified against neighbors at 3210 Countryside Plaza, accusing them of potential criminal activity, including storing stolen vehicles and junk, driving dangerously through his yard, and burning brush late at night. He expressed fear that the neighbors are dangerous and that police have been ineffective in addressing the situation over the last year. - George Theo Harris (neighbor) supported Mariani's testimony, stating he feels the police have failed to protect his district (District 3). He recounted a violent altercation where a neighbor called him racial slurs and threatened his family, requiring him to arm himself. He argued that community policing has failed him for three years and expressed frustration that he cannot get local officers to enforce parking and nuisance laws. Property Maintenance and Housing Code - Mina Lucas (tenant and Wichita native) described living in conditions she stated were worse than what one would wish on a dog, including black mold, roof leaks, and holes in the walls. She criticized the City Council for voting to repeal the list of negligent property owners and expressed fear of eviction if she reports her landlord. She stated that landlord accountability and affordable housing are "two sides of one problem" and argued that the council is too scared of landlords to act. - Rabbi Andrew Pepperstone and various speakers from Faith communities (Justice Together) expressed that while they support the principle of affordable housing, they could not yet fully support the current sales tax proposal due to a lack of clarity on securing $10 million annually for the Wichita Affordable Housing Fund and fears that the regressive tax might worsen inequity without targeted relief. - Steve Miller (Alliance of Overlooked Neighbors) and Darwin Eads (advocate for functional zero) testified on the urgency of funding the Second Light Multi-Agency Center (MAC), noting that operating funds expire in October 2026 and that the current plan for a segregated endowment fund may not be sufficient to reach "functional zero" homelessness without immediate investment. Sales Tax Proposal Debates - Support: Representatives from Wichita Forward, the Kansas Aviation Museum, Visit Wichita, the Wichita Regional Chamber of Commerce, and local business owners (e.g., Aaron Bastion, Matt Bruchette) expressed that the 1% sales tax is necessary to fund public safety (fire/police stations), the Second Light MAC, property tax relief ($150M), Century 2 revitalization, and a future performing arts center. They argued that the tax would bring in outside revenue (20-30% from visitors), alleviate the city's projected budget deficits starting in 2028, and avoid $35M+ in interest costs associated with debt funding. They expressed that the community has been asking for this for decades and that the momentum is critical for Wichita's competitiveness. - Opposition/Concern: Opponents, including Celeste Rosette, Faith Martin, Vincent O'Heisel, and several community members, expressed deep mistrust due to the rushed timeline, lack of specific details (e.g., no blueprints for the performing arts center), and the lack of a citizen-led process. They argued that the proposal bundles too many items without specific guardrails, that the funding allocation is vague regarding affordable housing, and that exempting food from the tax is impossible under current state law, making the tax regressive and harmful to the poor. They advocated for delaying the election to August or November to allow for more public vetting and potential state legislative changes regarding food tax exemptions. Discussion Items Property Maintenance Code Task Force - The City Council reviewed recommendations from a task force appointed to review housing code enforcement. The task force, comprised of landlords, tenants, attorneys, and community members, unanimously recommended increasing mandatory fines for code violations (e.g., $1,000 minimum for a fourth offense), removing mandatory jail time provisions in favor of graduated fines, and clarifying that property owners are responsible for nuisances even if caused by tenants. - Council members (Ballard, Glascott, Hoheisel, Tutt, Johnson) praised the task force for its broad community representation and consensus. The group agreed to appoint a smaller subcommittee to continue the work. - The Council voted to place the amendments on first reading, including the adoption of Title 30 (neglected buildings) and increased penalties for multiple offenses. Street Honoring - The Council unanimously voted (7-0) to honorary rename Ash Street at 13th Street North to honor Pastor J.P. Dennis Jr., recognizing his 50+ years of service as a spiritual and civic leader in the community, his work on voter registration, and the legacy of his family (the Dennis Family). Sales Tax Initiative (Wichita Forward Proposal) - Technical Overview: City Manager Bob Leighton presented the mechanics of the proposed election. The ordinance calls for a special question election on March 3, 2026, to impose a 1% sales tax. - Financials: Estimated revenue of $850 million over seven years. Categories for spending: Public Safety ($225M), Homelessness and Housing ($150M), Century 2 and Convention Center ($250M), Property Tax Relief ($150M), and Performing Arts Center ($75M). - Oversight: The ordinance mandates a 15-member citizen oversight committee (appointed by the Council) to monitor expenditures and provide annual audits. - Debate: Council members debated the timeline and structure. Concerns were raised regarding the inability to exempt food under current state law and the lack of specifics on affordable housing funding. Councilmember Hoheisel and others proposed a motion for a rebate program for necessities and a policy to address property tax mill levy increases post-2026. - Vote: The motion to place the ordinance on first reading and approve the notice of a special question election passed unanimously (7-0). The Council directed staff to draft a rebate policy and a policy regarding the property tax mill levy sunset. Economic Development Agreements - The Council unanimously approved (7-0) a three-year contract renewal with the Greater Wichita Partnership (GWP) at $450,000 for 2026, escalating to $500,000 in 2027-2028. This supports GWP's efforts in job creation, talent development, and quality of place. They also approved a $100,000 agreement with Wichita Independent Business Association (WIBA) for small business support and incubation programs. Starbond Project Plan Amendment - The Council unanimously approved (7-0) an amendment to the K96 Greenwich Starbond Project Plan to allow Phase Three development by Family Destination Development. This includes a multi-sport complex with a hotel, sports fields, and commercial space. The project is estimated at $192 million, with $77.3 million in Starbond issuance. Council confirmed there is no financial risk to the city (no backstopping). Key Outcomes - Sales Tax Election Motion: Passed 7-0. The Council placed the ordinance calling for a 1% sales tax special election on first reading, with the election scheduled for March 3, 2026. - Property Maintenance Amendments: Passed 7-0 on first reading. The Council adopted amendments to Chapters 8.01 and 20.04 regarding sentencing for nuisance and housing code violations, increased mandatory fines, and Title 30 regarding neglected buildings. - Street Renaming: Passed 7-0. Ash Street at 13th Street North was voted to be renamed to honor Pastor J.P. Dennis Jr. - Economic Development: Passed 7-0. Approved new contracts with the Greater Wichita Partnership and WIBA. - Starbond Amendment: Passed 7-0. Approved Phase Three of the K96 Greenwich Starbond Project Plan. - Council Directives: - Staff was directed to draft a policy for a rebate program for necessities (groceries) targeting seniors, disabled individuals, and low-income families, contingent on state legislative inaction. - Staff was directed to draft a policy regarding the property tax mill levy increasing post-2026 if the sales tax is not renewed, to be discussed at the January 20, 2026 meeting. - Staff was directed to prepare a comprehensive review of homelessness and affordable housing fund dispersion for a January workshop. - Executive Session: The Council recessed into executive session at 5:10 PM regarding civil lawsuits and potential litigation.

The City Council convened on December 2, 2025, to conduct business regarding the approval of the next City Manager, adoption of water and sewer rate increases for 2026, and the sale of public housing properties. The meeting also included public testimony on affordable housing, food deserts, and the need for affordable housing, as well as approvals for various commercial development projects, including historic renovations and industrial expansions. Consent Calendar - Approved minutes for the special meeting on November 24, 2025, and the regular meeting on November 25, 2025. - Approved Consent Agenda items 1 through 22. - Approved the Board of Bids and Contracts dated December 1, 2025, including engineering bids totaling $487,894.50 and a $47,000 software subscription. Public Comments & Testimony - Natalie O'Dor: Invited the Council to the Jamhuri Day celebration for Kenyan Independence on December 6th at Newman University. - Nora Sadiqi: Expressed support for the creation of new grocery stores to combat food deserts, proposing that the city offer financial incentives or fee waivers to attract grocers to underserved areas. - Reverend Wade Miller (Justice Together): Stated full support for a sales tax dedicated to the Wichita Affordable Housing Fund, specifically requesting $10 million annually. He expressed opposition to any sales tax proposal that fails to include this amount or shifts wealth from low-income individuals to the wealthy, noting that a faithful vote must prioritize the vulnerable. - Deacon Lori Mills (Justice Together): Expressed full support for restoring the "Housing First" vision for the Multi-Agency Center (MAC), arguing that shelter alone is insufficient. She strongly advocated for at least $10 million in annual funding for the Affordable Housing Fund to permanently end homelessness. - Esau (Service Employees International Union Local 513): Expressed support for fair compensation for the new City Manager but voiced strong opposition to the selection process, citing concerns about the consulting firm's conduct and the withdrawal of the qualified candidate, Dante Martin. He requested an investigation into why Dante Martin withdrew and emphasized the need for wage parity for public works employees. Discussion Items Appointment of City Manager - Mayor Wu moved to approve the employment contract for Dennis Marstall as the next City Manager, citing his qualifications and experience in local government and non-profits. CouncilMember Hoheisel and CouncilMember Johnson expressed support for Marstall but voiced concerns regarding the transparency and fairness of the selection process, particularly the withdrawal of candidate Dante Martin. CouncilMember Johnson offered a substitute motion to rescind the offer and restart the process, but it failed by a vote of 5-2. The original motion to approve Marstall passed 5-2. Water and Sewer Rate Adjustments for 2026 - Staff Presentation: Gary Jansen presented three options for 2026 rate increases driven by chemical costs, staffing needs for the Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) project, and future loss of wholesale revenue from Derby and Valley Center. Option 3 was introduced to maintain a debt coverage ratio of 125% for better financial resilience, compared to the minimum 120%. - Council Debate: CouncilMember Glasscock proposed setting rates for five years to provide predictability, aligning with the original intent of long-term infrastructure planning. CouncilMember Hoheisel expressed concern that the rate increases disproportionately impact seniors and fixed-income residents, urging more protective measures. Vice Mayor Johnston argued for annual reviews to maintain oversight. CouncilMember Tuttle and CouncilMember Glasscock expressed interest in a multi-year rate structure, with a preference for Option 3 to ensure financial safety. - Outcome: CouncilMember Glasscock moved to approve Option 3 for a five-year period (2026-2030) with an amendment for a three-year pilot and an annual workshop. The motion passed 4-3. The adopted rates project increases of 7.11% in 2026, 7.52% in 2027, 6.98% in 2028, and 7.0% in 2029. Affordable Housing and Development Projects - Interdale Marjoy Apartments LLC: Requested revenue bonds for two historic apartment complexes (Interdale and Marjorie). Developer Shane Pullman stated that the projects are financially infeasible without Low-Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHC) due to the high cost of historic renovation and disrepair. If LIHC is not approved, the projects will not proceed, leaving the buildings vacant. CouncilMember Hoheisel noted the historical context of failed attempts to revitalize the buildings and supported the project as a win for the community. - Envision Incorporated: Requested revenue bonds for a $15 million consolidation of facilities. CFO Mark Eaton explained the organization's commitment to employing individuals who are blind or visually impaired and how the sales tax exemption ($615,000) is critical for funding services that do not generate direct revenue. Golf Course and Public Works Funding - Golf Course Irrigation: Approved $4.5 million in funding for irrigation improvements at McDonald and Arthur B. Sim golf courses, with completion expected by Spring 2026. - Heavy and Snow Equipment: Approved funding for the replacement of aging heavy equipment ($3.9 million) and snow removal equipment ($112,000) over the next 10 years. - Park Infrastructure: Approved reallocating funds for Finley Ross Park (delayed due to fundraising issues) to A Price Woodard Junior Memorial Park and Chester I Lewis Park to address deferred maintenance and improve pedestrian safety. Labor Contracts - Firefighters (IAFF Local 135): Approved the 2025-2028 memorandum of agreement, including a 3.5% GPA increase, 2.5% merit increase, and new maternity leave provisions. Union President Ted Bush expressed support for the progress made but called for future acknowledgment of firefighting as a carcinogenic occupation and broader sick leave coverage for cancer. - Transit and Airport (Teamsters Local 795): Approved memoranda of agreement for transit and airport employees, featuring general pay adjustments, increased longevity pay, and new leave provisions. Zoning and Property Sales - PUD 2025-17 (944 South Topeka): Delayed the rezoning request for a church conversion to use shipping containers for housing by one week to allow council members more time to consult with the applicant and neighbors regarding design and parking concerns. - PUD 2025-22 (Trinity Park): Delayed the rezoning request for a new Planned Unit Development until December 16th pending further negotiations between the applicant and neighbors. - East Side Community Church (CUP 365): Approved the zone change and Community Unit Plan after a successful compromise with residents, which included height restrictions and the creation of a residential cul-de-sac. - Public Housing Sale: Approved the sale of 29 public housing properties to three private entities (Patterson Home Solutions, Seek First Rentals, and large enterprise entities) to generate funds for Section 8 rental projects, as individual home rehabilitation was deemed financially infeasible. - Cell Tower Easement: Approved a renewed Verizon lease and a 40-year term with a $550,000 lump sum payment for a cell tower at McLean Manor, intended to fund future building operations. - Hangar Dynamics: Approved a sales tax exemption associated with airport special facility bonds for an 18,000-square-foot hangar expansion. Key Outcomes - City Manager: Dennis Marstall approved as the next City Manager (5-2 vote). - Water/Sewer Rates: Approved a five-year rate plan (Option 3) to maintain a 125% debt coverage ratio, passing 4-3 with amendments for a three-year pilot and annual workshops. - Labor Contracts: Three labor agreements (Fire, Transit, Airport) approved unanimously (7-0). - Housing & Development: Approved revenue bonds and tax abatements for Interdale Marjoy (two properties) and Envision Incorporated. - Zoning/Property: Approved the sale of 29 public housing units and the East Side Community Church development; delayed two other PUD projects for further review. - Administrative: Council voted to craft a resolution for a symbolic key to the city for retiring council members (7-0). Councilmember Johnson was granted a delayed recognition for the Key to the City. CouncilMember Glasscock successfully moved to extend common consumption hours in the Delano district for future consideration.

The Wichita City Council convened at 3:00 PM to approve minutes, honor fallen firefighters, address public comments regarding homelessness and historic preservation, and approve significant capital improvements and vendor contracts. The meeting concluded with a contentious deliberation and vote regarding the appointment of a new City Manager, resulting in a 5-2 approval of contract negotiations with the remaining finalist. Consent Calendar - Minutes: Approved the minutes of the regular meeting (Nov 6, 2025), special meetings (Nov 10, 2025, and Nov 17, 2025), and executive sessions by a 7-0 vote. - General Consent: Approved consent agenda items 1 through 27 (excluding Item 5A) by a 7-0 vote. Public Comments & Testimony - Special Recognition: Diane Albert, President of USD 259 School Board, delivered a moving remembrance of her father, Retired Captain Steve K. Atkinson, a Sedgwick County Fire captain. She highlighted his legacy of quiet service, noting he attended JROTC Veterans Day ceremonies for 28 years to rescue fainting cadets and was a father to Army veteran Marco Albert. Albert expressed support for honoring veterans through personal acts of service rather than just ceremonies. - Arthur Stokes (Black Mole): Expressed strong concern regarding homelessness, housing safety, and the lack of a cohesive plan to regulate landlords. Stokes described the current situation as "all hell broke loose" and advocated for a team-based approach with strict oversight to prevent greedy exploitation and ensure safety for residents. - Barb Myers (Residents Friends of the Woodshaw Pioneers): Provided an update on Highland Cemetery operations, noting successful tours and collaborations with Cowtown. She expressed support for a cemetery advisory board to increase historic preservation oversight across all five city cemeteries and requested additional funding for maintenance, security, and road improvements. Council members expressed support for her efforts. - Missing Speakers: Arthur Stokes was scheduled to speak on Housing and HUD vouchers but arrived after the agenda; Andrew Crane was not present. Mayor Jeanette Peterson's presentation was rescheduled to December 9th. Discussion Items - Plain View Community Center (District 3): Council discussed a supplemental agreement increasing the budget by $300,000 specifically for public art, bringing the total budget to $10.2 million. Becca Johnson (Community Services) confirmed the art was designated by the Design Council as a project of significance. Council Member Johnson provided details on the Brewer Center's public art ($200,000 allocation) and announced its grand opening on December 6th. Councilor expressed a wish for a larger art budget, though staff indicated it was calculated based on a percentage of initial facility costs. Construction for Plain View is scheduled to begin September/October 2026, with completion by Q4 2027. - Board of Bids and Contracts (Nov 24, 2025): The Board recommended various bids totaling approximately $10 million, including street improvements, utility cut repairs, and data fiber installations. - Utility Cut Repairs: Council questioned a budget increase from $2.9 million to $3.4 million. The Public Works Director clarified that this is a unit-price contract with a cap, allowing for variable quantities based on actual work; the final cost may be lower. - Data Fiber Installations: Council questioned why contracts for Ideate Telecom were awarded without competitive bidding. The City Attorney and Purchasing Manager explained that an exemption was used because the utility provider would charge significantly higher prices if the work were bid out separately, citing a 50%+ discount justification in the city code for high-tech exemptions. - Contract Management: Council members inquired about debriefing and performance management for vendors to prevent past issues. Staff confirmed the existence of "vendor-do batter letters" and contractual clauses for liquidated damages to address performance deficiencies. - Council Appointments: Approved the appointment of Andrea Scarpelli to the Library Advisory Board and Barb Myers to the Historic Preservation Board by a 7-0 vote. - Awards: Council member Johnson reported that the City of Wichita received second place in the National League of Cities "Digital City Survey" for cities with 250,000–499,000 residents, specifically recognized for AI and cybersecurity policies. - City Manager Search: The Council entered an executive session to receive legal advice regarding a contract with a consultant for the City Manager selection. Following the session, the Council discussed contract negotiations with a finalist. - Council Member Johnson: Expressed deep concern about the selection process, citing potential undue influence and scoring discrepancies. She stated she would not support either finalist and recommended restarting the search process to ensure transparency and council consensus. - Other Council Members: Expressed support for the process and the finalists. Council Members noted the significance of the opportunity (first since 2008) and thanked outgoing City Manager Leighton. There was a consensus among the majority that the process yielded qualified candidates and that a new chapter should begin. Key Outcomes - Approved: Consent agenda items 1-4 and 6-27 (7-0). - Approved: Supplemental agreement for Plain View Community Center public art ($300,000 increase) (7-0). - Approved: Board of Bids and Contracts awards, including 21st Street ITS, water/sewer improvements, and data fiber installations (7-0). - Approved: Petitions for public improvements for Northgate 5th Edition (District 6) and Whispering Creek Edition (District 2) (Unanimous voice vote). - Council Manager Vote: The motion to direct staff to enter negotiations with the finalist (Dennis Marstall/Dennis Marsto) passed 5-2. - Nay Votes: Council Members Johnson and Hoheisel (citing process concerns). - Aye Votes: Council Members Tuttle, Vice Mayor Johnston, Glasscock, Ballard, and Mayor Wu. - Adjournment: Meeting adjourned at 3:28 PM (6-1 vote to adjourn, though the final vote tally for the adjournment motion appears to be 6-1, while the council manager vote was 5-2). - Next Steps: Contract negotiations with the selected City Manager candidate are to proceed immediately. Mayor Peterson's presentation on Housing and HUD vouchers is rescheduled for December 9th.

The meeting convened with a brief, informal preamble and a vote to recess into executive session to discuss personnel matters regarding the City Manager selection. Following two closed sessions totaling over an hour, the council returned with no legal action taken and immediately adjourned the session. The transcript contains significant incoherence and fragmented speech, suggesting potential recording errors or confusion during the proceedings. Consent Calendar - No items recorded. The transcript indicates the council moved directly from informal remarks to executive session motions without a standard consent calendar. Public Comments & Testimony - No public comments or testimony were recorded. The speakers identified are council members or administrative staff discussing procedural motions. Discussion Items - City Manager Selection Process: The council moved and passed a motion to recess into executive session under KSA 75-4319B1 to discuss information from the selection committee regarding applicants for the City Manager position and personnel matters of non-elected individuals. - Recurrence of Session: A second motion was passed to recess for an additional 15 minutes. The selection committee also moved to enter a further 15-minute executive session. - Adjournment: Upon returning from the sessions, the council moved to adjourn. Key Outcomes - Executive Session Held: The council recessed into executive session at approximately 8:35 a.m. and again briefly, with the committee session noted at 9:57 a.m. - No Binding Action: The recording explicitly states, "No legal binding action was taken" during the executive session. - Meeting Adjourned: The motion to adjourn passed with everyone present voting in favor. Discrepancies and Note on Transcript Integrity - Incoherence: The transcript begins with fragmented, unrelated dialogue (e.g., "It's nice to see uh it's nice to see the judgments," references to "kids in retail," "Thanksgiving eleven," and "concession") that does not clearly correspond to the formal motions or the stated agenda regarding the City Manager hiring. This may indicate a recording error where unrelated conversation was captured prior to the formal start, or significant audio corruption. - Procedural Ambiguity: The text states the meeting was called to order, the Pledge of Allegiance was offered, and a motion was moved immediately, yet the preceding minutes of audio describe disjointed scenarios that do not align with standard city council procedure.