Public Meetings - Vermillion, South Dakota

The Vermillion City Council met on 2026-11-03. No agenda or minutes were provided, so this summary is based on the raw transcript; the transcript does not state the meeting start or adjournment time. The council handled routine approvals, heard a Veterans Day proclamation, took public comment on a utility-resale ordinance, and advanced several budget and ordinance items to second reading. Consent Calendar - Approved the minutes of the previous meeting and the noon meeting; approved the agenda; approved the consent agenda as written. All were approved by voice vote with no recorded opposition. Public Comments & Testimony - A representative of the Vermillion Human Relations Commission presented a proclamation declaring November 11, 2026 as Veterans Day in Vermillion and urging residents, businesses, and organizations to honor veterans and support equitable access to health care, housing, employment, and dignity. - Lori Brown, 221 West Cedar, asked for clarification on Ordinance 1580 and suggested another public reading and comment opportunity because of public concern about the upcoming data center issue and electrical impacts. She framed the request as promoting openness. - No visitors were heard on non-agenda items. No public comment was offered during the Ordinance 1577 rezoning hearing, and no public comment was recorded on the malt beverage markup, rental registration fee, hangar lease, or EV charging fee items. Discussion Items - Ordinance 1577 — 112 East Cherry Street rezoning: Staff explained that a clerical error in posting the Planning and Zoning Commission meeting prevented the commission from considering the request to rezone part of 112 East Cherry Street from General Business to R3 Residential. The council took no action; staff said the item would go to P&Z on November 9 at 5:30 p.m. and to the council for first reading on November 16 at 6 p.m. - Malt beverage markup annual report: John reported that 100% of malt beverage markup proceeds have been used each year to pay part of the debt service on the general obligation bond for the apprentice park improvements. Annual debt service is about $200,000; the markup generates about $150,000, with second penny funds covering the difference since 2015. He recommended continuing the same use in 2027. No vote was required. - Curbside recycling fees: Alex reported a 2023 deficit of almost $11,500, a 2024 surplus of about $7,000, a 2025 surplus of almost $18,700, a projected 2026 deficit of about $13,000, and a projected 2027 deficit of almost $10,000. The reserve fund was projected at $135,029 by December 31. A 25-cent increase was estimated to generate $7,749 per year; the council instead approved a 50-cent increase per qualifying resident per month and for commercial collection of recyclable materials not mandated by ordinance, to first appear on the February 10 bill. One council member supported the 50-cent option to build the reserve and reduce future budget revisions; the mayor noted the 2008 fee of $3.30 per month would be equivalent to $5.10 in 2027 dollars, so the fee had not kept pace with inflation. - Rental registration fees: Staff proposed keeping the $30 per-structure annual fee and raising the per-unit fee from $15 to $20. The city had about 921 active registered rental structures and just over 2,900 units as of the prior week. Staff estimated roughly $90,000 in revenue against a GovWell fee of about $23,000 to $28,000 plus inspector, vehicle, and fuel costs. One council member said rental property owners should pay the city's cost to manage the properties. The council approved the increase. The mayor later suggested normalizing regulatory fees and applying an annual CPI adjustment; staff indicated a defined CPI and resolution would be needed. - Hangar lease: The council approved a new lease with Dave Hertz for a hangar at the airport. The lease has a 30-year total term, consisting of an initial 10 years plus two 10-year options, at 15 cents per square foot of land, with annual payments due in January and no cap on future rate increases. The transcript does not state the calculated annual rent. - EV charging station fees: Alex said the city has a leased Level 2 station at City Hall and a city-owned higher-wattage station near Princeton. Staff proposed raising the Level 2 rate from $1.70 to $2.00 per hour and the Level 3 rate from $19 to $20 per hour. Revenue in 2025 was $8,878.27; annual lease/subscription charges were $2,400 and $3,420. Council members noted the stations do not cover all costs once electricity is included but treated them as a public service. The council approved the new rates. - Ordinance 1580 — utility resale language: Staff said the ordinance restores the final language approved in 2025 as Ordinance 1531 after a tracked-changes version was signed and published by mistake. The city attorney advised running it through first and second reading again because of the prior discrepancy. The council advanced it to second reading on November 16. - 2026 budget revision — Ordinance 1578: John described the annual correction to the 2026 budget. The general fund is about $10 million with a $67,000 adjustment; second penny proposed expenditures were down about $480,000. Changes included about $50,000 less for the City Hall roof, delayed equipment purchases, and moving the apprentice plunge slide refurbishment, pool basin painting, and basketball court project to 2027. The council advanced it to second reading. - 2027 budget — Ordinance 1579: John presented the 2027 appropriations ordinance, including a slight sales-tax increase based on a five-year average, a 3% COLA for council members and staff, phase two of the fire/EMS station, a roughly $350,000 slurry seal project with the county, an ambulance purchase using grant funds, Cotton Park parking lot replacement if grant funding is received, an armory roof, and water/sewer extensions on Highway 50 at Princeton and Stanford Street. The council advanced it to second reading. - Fire Station No. 1 remodel: Staff recommended a contract with Walker Construction for phase one: kitchen remodeling, flooring replacement, and creating a bedroom from storage space. Walker's low quote was $94,785.40, reduced by $5,300.80 for flooring selection to $89,485; Mart Brothers quoted $98,612.39. Fire/EMS had budgeted $150,000 in second penny funds. The council approved the contract. Staff said about $60,000 would remain but kitchen appliances and a range-hood extinguishing system still needed purchase. - Play Talk payment: The council approved a $64 payment to Play Talk. A member noted that Mr. Elias would prefer to abstain because the item was out of state. Key Outcomes - Approved minutes, agenda, and consent agenda by voice vote. - Approved a 50-cent curbside recycling fee increase. - Approved raising the rental registration per-unit fee from $15 to $20. - Approved the Dave Hertz hangar lease. - Approved EV charging fees of $2.00 per hour for Level 2 and $20 per hour for Level 3. - Advanced Ordinance 1580, the 2026 budget revision (Ordinance 1578), and the 2027 budget (Ordinance 1579) to second reading on November 16. - Approved the Walker Construction contract for $89,485 for Fire Station No. 1 phase one. - Approved the $64 Play Talk payment. - Took no action on Ordinance 1577; the rezoning is set for P&Z on November 9 at 5:30 p.m. and council first reading on November 16 at 6 p.m. - Noted the malt beverage markup continuation; no vote was required. City Manager Report & Announcements - Planning and Zoning Commission: November 9 at 5:30 p.m. on the Lamp Lighter property rezoning at 112 East Cherry Street. - City Council special meeting: November 9 at noon in the Powell conference room for annual liquor and wine license renewals. - Data center ordinances 1565 through 1570: first reading scheduled for November 16; the six ordinances were available on the city website. - Four mausoleums at Bluff View Cemetery: nominations to the National Register were tabled by the State Historic Society to its December meeting, reopening the comment period; comments due to the city by 5 p.m. on November 16. - City offices closed November 11 for Veterans Day; no curbside recycling for Wednesday customers, with service resuming November 18. - Clay County Agricultural Fair Association raffle: 500 tickets at $20 each on December 1, three winners, with proceeds to upgrade fairgrounds facilities. - The mayor suggested sequencing the November 16 agenda to handle advanced motions before the data center ordinances, which were expected to take longer.

The Vermilion City Council met on 2026-11-02. No meeting start/end time was recorded in the transcript. The council handled minutes and consent items, a Veterans Day proclamation, a rezoning hearing delayed by a posting error, several fee resolutions, a hangar lease, EV charging fees, a utility ordinance correction, the 2026 budget revision, the 2027 budget first reading, a fire station remodel contract, and city manager reports. Votes were by voice unless noted. Consent Calendar - Approved the minutes of the previous meeting and the noon meeting, and approved the consent agenda as written with no items removed. Public Comments & Testimony - No public comment was offered during the Ordinance 1577 rezoning hearing. - Lori Brown, 221 West Cedar, asked about Ordinance 1580 and said that, given upcoming data center and electrical issues, the city should proceed with openness and transparency toward the public. Discussion Items - Veterans Day proclamation: The Vermilion Human Relations Commission proclaimed 2026-11-11 as Veterans Day in Vermilion, signed by Chair Aaron Burrow. - Rezoning at 112 East Cherry Street: Ordinance 1577 would rezone a portion of the Lamplighter property from GB General Business to R3 residential. A clerical error in posting the Planning and Zoning Commission meeting meant the commission did not consider the request or make a recommendation. The council took no action and only received public comment. A new P&Z meeting was set for 2026-11-09 at 5:30 p.m., with council first reading set for 2026-11-16 at 6 p.m. - Malt beverage markup report: Since the 2015 ordinance, 100% of markup proceeds have been used to pay part of the debt service on the general obligation bond for Apprentice Park improvements. Annual debt service is about $200,000, while the markup generates about $150,000; second penny funds cover the difference. Staff recommended continuing the use in 2027; no vote was required. - Curbside recycling fees: The program had a 2023 deficit of almost $11,500, a 2024 surplus of about $7,000, a 2025 surplus of almost $18,700, a projected 2026 deficit of about $13,000, and a projected 2027 deficit of almost $10,000. The reserve was projected at $135,029 by 2026-12-31. A 25-cent monthly increase would generate about $7,749/year and cover over half of the 2027 deficit; a 50-cent increase would generate about $15,498/year and cover the full projected deficit plus add to reserve. The council adopted the 50-cent increase for qualifying residents and for commercial collection of recyclables not mandated by ordinance; it was to take effect in January, with the first bill on 2027-02-10. - Rental registration fees: Staff proposed keeping the $30 per structure annual fee and raising the per-unit fee from $15 to $20. The city had about 921 active registered rental structures and just over 2,900 units. GovWell, added in summer 2025, supports online registration and tracking; staff noted the GovWell annual fee was around $23,000-$28,000 and also handled building permits. The council approved the per-unit increase to $20. - Hangar lease: The council approved a lease with Dave Hertz for a hangar at the airport, following transfer from Dave Howard. The prior lease expired in 2021. Terms: 30-year total term, initial 10 years plus two 10-year options; 15 cents per square foot; no cap on future rate increases at the end of the first 10 years; annual January payment. Annual rent was $450, compared with the prior $10. - EV charging fees: The city has a Level 2 station at City Hall, leased through ChargePoint, and a city-owned higher-wattage station north of Casey's on Princeton added in 2022 with grant funding. The council approved raising Level 2 from $1.70 to $2 per hour and Level 3 from $19 to $20 per hour. City Hall lease: 2023-08-16 to 2028-08-15, $2,400/year, $12,000 total. Princeton subscription: 2026-01-11 to 2029-01-11, $3,420/year, $10,260 total. 2025 revenue was $8,878.27; staff described the stations as a public service and noted the fees do not fully cover lease, subscription, and electricity costs. - Ordinance 1580: This corrected a clerical error from Ordinance 1531, approved in May 2025, where the signed/published version contained tracked changes rather than final language. The ordinance concerns utility customers reselling to third parties without council authorization and metering responsibility. The city attorney recommended redoing the first and second readings to be cautious; the council advanced it to second reading on 2026-11-16. - 2026 budget revision (Ordinance 1578): The general fund is about $10 million, with about a $67,000 adjustment. Second penny proposed expenditures were down about $480,000. Changes included about $50,000 less for the City Hall roof, delayed equipment purchases, and shifting the Apprentice Park plunge slide refurbishment, pool basin painting, and basketball court project to 2027; Lions Park bathroom and armory window work were completed in 2026. The council advanced it to second reading on 2026-11-16. - 2027 budget first reading (Ordinance 1579): The budget included a 3% COLA for council members and city staff, steps and adjustments, a slight sales-tax increase based on a five-year average, and slightly higher bed-and-booze revenue. Projects included fire EMS station phase two, equipment purchases, a roughly $350,000 slurry seal with the county, an ambulance purchase with grant funds, Cotton Park parking lot replacement if grant-funded, armory roof work, and water/sewer extensions at Highway 50/Princeton and Highway 50/Stanford. The council advanced it to second reading on 2026-11-16. - Fire Station 1 remodel: The council approved a contract with Walker Construction for phase one of the Station 1 remodel at Duke and Dakota, the fire/EMS headquarters built in 2001. Phase one includes kitchen remodeling, flooring replacement, and creating a new bedroom from storage. Walker's low quote was $94,785.40, reduced by $5,380 for flooring choice to $89,485; Mart Brothers quoted $98,612.39. Fire/EMS had $150,000 budgeted in second penny funds. Staff said about $60,000 may remain, but kitchen appliances and a range hood extinguishing system still needed purchase; later phases were not covered by this contract. - Plane Talk subscription: The council approved paying $64 owed to Plane Talk; one member indicated a preference to abstain because it was out of state. - City manager report: The P&Z Commission was to meet 2026-11-09 at 5:30 p.m. on the Lamplighter rezoning. A council special meeting was set for 2026-11-09 at noon in the Powell Conference Room for annual liquor and wine license renewals. First reading of data-center-related Ordinances 1565-1570 was set for 2026-11-16. Comments on four mausoleums at Bluff Hughes Cemetery nominated for the National Register were due to the city by 5 p.m. on 2026-11-16. City offices were closed 2026-11-11 for Veterans Day; Wednesday curbside recycling customers would resume 2026-11-18. The Clay County Agricultural Fair Association planned to sell 500 raffle tickets at $20 each on 2026-12-01, with three winners and proceeds for fairgrounds upgrades. Key Outcomes - Approved the 50-cent curbside recycling fee increase. - Approved raising the rental registration per-unit fee from $15 to $20 while keeping the $30 per-structure fee. - Approved the Dave Hertz airport hangar lease at $450/year under a 10-year initial term with two 10-year options. - Approved EV charging fees of $2/hour for Level 2 and $20/hour for Level 3. - Advanced Ordinance 1580 to second reading on 2026-11-16. - Advanced the 2026 budget revision, Ordinance 1578, to second reading on 2026-11-16. - Advanced the 2027 budget, Ordinance 1579, to second reading on 2026-11-16. - Approved the Walker Construction contract for $89,485 for phase one of Fire Station 1. - Approved payment of $64 to Plane Talk. - Took no action on Ordinance 1577; the rezoning public hearing only received comment, with P&Z set for 2026-11-09 and council first reading for 2026-11-16.

The Vermillion City Council and Clay County Commission convened in a joint session on October 20, 2026, to advance updates to the Joint Jurisdictional Zoning Area (JJZA) ordinances. Following the joint session, the City Council held its regular meeting, approving a water rate surcharge, revenue bonds, and receiving the annual Blue Peak Cable report. Public Comments & Testimony - Robin Shirell (former Clay County Commissioner, Elk Point resident): Alleged a series of crimes and injustices involving IRS impersonators, identity theft, and city hiring discrimination. She claimed the previous council and county administration failed to act on her complaints and urged the new council to investigate. - Dan Nuttleton (17 South Yale Street, Vermillion): Stated the property at 321 East Main Street has been in continuous violation of city nuisance codes (Chapters 90 and 94) since 2024, creating a public health hazard. He reported filing formal complaints with code enforcement in June 2025 and May 2026 with no successful resolution, and requested the council direct administration to expedite enforcement and abate the nuisance. Joint Meeting: JJZA Ordinance Discussion - Ordinance 2026-07 / 1571 (Boundary Map): Replaces the legal metes and bounds description of the JJZA with a map (Map 1 from the Comprehensive Plan). Amended during the meeting to clarify it only applies to Section 2.01A. Advanced to second reading. - Ordinance 2026-08 / 1572 (Annexation Boundary): Addresses how the JJZA boundary shifts after city annexation. Amended to specify the boundary must shift in the "general geographic direction" of annexation (adding "geographic" for clarity and changing "which" to "that"). Advanced to second reading. - Next Steps: Second reading for both ordinances set for November 2, 2026. Discussion Items - Termination of Street Utility Easement: Approved the petition by William Wood to vacate a 60-foot easement on Adam Street for future apartment development. Residents on the property are on month-to-month leases, and a private utility is working with the owner. - Blue Peak Cable Annual Report: Regional Managing Director Mike Carn presented the annual report, highlighting 99.99% network uptime and a 97% customer approval rate. He noted over $100,000 in community investments over four years. The council thanked Blue Peak for their community engagement. - Water Surcharge Rate Resolution: Finance Director Wendy presented the revised rate structure to support SRF loan repayments for the water facility plan. The base charge changes from $0.45 to $18.10, and the per-unit charge from $2.49 to $2.74. A typical 700 cu ft bill increases from $33.63 to $37.28. Effective for billing after December 1, 2026. - Revenue Bonds for Water Facility Project: The council approved a bond resolution for the $8.06 million water facility project (main replacement, SCADA, treatment plant upgrades), funded by SRF loans ($7M from 2023, $1.15M from 2026 at 4% for 30 years). - Proclamation: The council recognized the Vermillion High School Boys Golf Team for winning the 2026 South Dakota Class A State Championship by a 19-stroke margin, including individual champion Ryland Moran. - City Manager's Report: John Prescott noted the recent resolution of the French investment assessment issue. He reported the Bluffy Cemetery mausoleums have a continued comment period for National Register listing. Water hydrant flushing begins the next day. Key Outcomes - JJZA Ordinances Advanced: Both Ordinance 2026-07 and 2026-08 passed first reading (joint vote) and advanced to a second reading on November 2, 2026. - Street Easement Vacated: Unanimously approved by the City Council. - Water Rate Increase Approved: The City Council approved the water surcharge rate resolution, effective December 1, 2026. - Water Revenue Bonds Approved: The City Council approved the bond resolution for the water facility project. - Broadcaster Press Payment Approved: A $1,200 payment to Broadcaster Press was approved; Council member Dave Lias abstained. - City Manager Recognized: The council and mayor congratulated John Prescott on receiving the South Dakota Municipal League Employee of the Year award.

This candidate forum for South Dakota District 17 legislative seats took place in Vermillion on October 14, 2026. It was organized by the Vermillion Chamber and Development Companies Governmental Affairs Committee, facilitated with University of South Dakota political science students, and hosted by the City of Vermillion. The event aired on MidCode Channel 3 and the City of Vermillion YouTube channel. No agenda or minutes were provided; the following summary is based on the raw transcript, which does not record exact start and end times. Four candidates participated: Leslie Garish, Austin Bernick, incumbent Representative Chris Cassen, and Troy Rudler. Unopposed candidates recognized included Senator Sidney Davis, county commissioners Jeffrey Greyloebe and David Teasey, County Auditor Carrie Crumb, Register of Deeds Lisa Trewilliger, and Sheriff Andy Howe. Opening Statements - Leslie Garish: owns two Main Street businesses and works as a nonprofit event planner; running because she cares about vulnerable people and wants to use her efficiency, integrity, and cross-partisan skills in Pierre. - Austin Bernick: from Sioux Falls, later moving to North Sioux and then Oak Point; running to protect future generations and to stop corporate and special interest money from making South Dakota a tax haven for the ultra-wealthy. - Chris Cassen: incumbent for four years and a member of the Joint Committee on Appropriations; emphasized limited government, responsible spending, low taxes, strong schools, public safety, and accessibility to constituents. - Troy Rudler: pharmacist and second-generation small business owner in Dakota Dunes; his company serves 60 facilities in three states with 2,000 vulnerable people; running to make South Dakota more affordable, protect rural health care, support USD, and create opportunities for young families. Budget & Taxes - Property tax relief (SB 245): Garish called the bill a bad bill, noted all three current District 17 legislators voted against it, and said relief should be targeted using income and property value. Bernick said the fund will not be measurable until 2027 and that the accompanying sales and use tax increase from 4.2 to 4.5 percent will hurt vulnerable residents; he cited that South Dakota's bottom 20 percent pay 11.4 percent of annual income in sales and use taxes. Cassen said property taxes are the top issue he hears and that it will take time to evaluate SB 245 and SB 96. Rudler said he supports the approach but would measure actual homeowner savings and investigate assessments, local levies, and offsets. - Reserve fund: Bernick called the reserve a rainy day fund and said it is pouring, urging immediate relief. Cassen said a special session would be needed to appropriate reserves and that the state traditionally spends down to 10 percent; he identified McCook Lake flood mitigation, an eastside veterans home, USD, and child advocacy as one-time priorities. Rudler defended the reserve as a strength and supported one-time investments such as McCook Lake. Garish noted the surplus was tied to unspent Department of Social Services funds, supported a 10 percent reserve, and mentioned mental health infrastructure such as Yankton's overnight mental health facility. - Income and corporate tax: Cassen and Rudler opposed both income and corporate income taxes, citing South Dakota's business climate. Garish said she would not bring an income tax bill but expressed support for some form of wealth tax and noted the sales tax is regressive. Bernick supported a targeted income tax on household income over $300,000, citing a plan estimated to generate about $400 million and provide up to 30 percent property tax relief. Health & Social Services - Rural health transformation: Rudler referenced about $189.4 million in federal funding and said he would measure outcomes, workforce placement, patient travel, and sustainability. Garish said the project is technology-focused and does not address direct patient care or rural provider shortages. Bernick said it will not keep rural facilities open and warned of federal cuts. Cassen said about $500 million is coming to the state through a grant program, noted grants already received by EMS, Lewis and Clark Behavioral Health, and Siouxland Urology, and called for continued emphasis on EMS, maternity care, and medical education. - Medicaid: Bernick said health care is a human right, supports Medicare for All, and favors Medicaid expansion. Cassen distinguished traditional Medicaid from expansion, citing a 90/10 federal match for expansion, a current state cost of about $35 million, and a projected $150 million state cost if the match became 50/50. He also noted every 1 percent for the big three areas of education, state employees, and Medicaid providers equals $25 million, so a 50/50 match would be similar to giving up a 6 percent increase. Rudler said he would assess access, emergency room utilization, and long-term financial exposure. Garish stated one in four babies in South Dakota is born on Medicaid, that Medicaid expansion is only 8 percent of the Medicaid budget, and that the state should stop attacking Medicaid. Education - Workforce training: Rudler highlighted CNA programs in his family, and called for internships, apprenticeships, and closer employer-university connections. Garish said young people tell her they do not feel valued and that workforce programs cannot replace a sense of being valued. Bernick cited South Dakota's 46th-place teacher pay ranking and teacher pay being $10,000 to $15,000 lower than in neighboring states. Cassen highlighted maintenance and replacement funding near 2 percent and investments in university facilities. - Charter schools (SB 218): Garish said public dollars should stay with public schools and noted South Dakota already has flexible open enrollment. Bernick opposed using tax dollars for private or charter schools, citing Iowa voucher tuition increases. Cassen said he supports school choice options, including the Partners in Education Scholarship Fund and a coming federal education freedom tax credit, but has questions about charter schools and local control. Rudler said he is not fundamentally opposed to charter schools but requires academic accountability, financial transparency, and local control; he specifically opposed the provision allowing an unelected Department of Education secretary to override local school boards. Economic Development & Housing - Economic policy priority: Bernick repeated his support for a progressive income tax over $300,000 and said it could create a virtuous circle. Cassen said he would protect South Dakota's no-income-tax climate, which the Tax Foundation ranks second in the nation, and reduce red tape. Rudler said he would prioritize workforce housing by removing infrastructure and regulatory barriers while respecting local zoning. Garish said she would pursue targeted relief such as coverage for diagnostic mammograms and better state investment in local businesses. - Housing infrastructure (SB 41): The question noted the program helped finance infrastructure for 236 planned multifamily units in Vermillion. Cassen said the $200 million grant and loan infrastructure program was a big idea, but grants went quickly while loans were slower; he supports state help without ongoing costs. Rudler said he would evaluate how many homes were built and at what price points before adding more money. Garish said the bill helps but that tariffs are making construction more expensive and South Dakota should reduce construction costs and invest in itself. Bernick said Vermillion received roughly $2.4 million for about 236 units and argued that housing is expensive by design, called for regulation of private equity, and supported a state affordable housing program. - Data centers (SB 135): Rudler said the law strikes the right principles and opposed subsidies for large data centers. Garish said it falls short and supports a moratorium on hyperscale data centers to protect water and accountability. Bernick also supported a year-long moratorium, describing AI and crypto data centers as far more power- and water-intensive and harmful in some communities. Cassen said the law started a needed process and preserves local control; he noted the option for local moratoriums such as Yankton's. He referred to the law as SB 145 during the forum, while the question cited SB 135. Public Comments & Audience Questions - Amendment L: Garish opposed it, saying a 60 percent requirement would make it harder for ordinary citizens and easier for billionaires. Bernick opposed it, arguing the will of the people should be 50 percent plus one. Cassen supported it, saying constitutional amendments should require a higher bar than initiated measures. Rudler supported it, comparing it to the supermajority needed to change the U.S. Constitution. - State vs. local control: Bernick said state government should step in when local governments ignore their citizens, citing data centers, flock cameras, and the Clay County budget decision involving Vermillion Feeding Vermillion. Cassen said decisions should begin with individuals and families and that government closest to the people is best. Rudler said local control should be the default unless there is a compelling statewide interest or cross-boundary impact. Garish said the state should act as a resource for local governments but not override local control merely because it disagrees, citing the Vermillion school board bathroom decision as an example. - Party alignment: Cassen said he agrees with his party on local control, low taxes, and business climate, and disagreed with beef import policy. Rudler agreed on low taxes and less regulation, said he is fiscally conservative but disappointed in federal fiscal discipline, and also disagreed with beef imports. Garish said she has been a Democrat since 1998 and believes in helping those who need the most help, while also describing herself as a capitalist. Bernick said he agrees with the Democratic Party on giving voice to the voiceless and progressive taxation, but disagrees with the national party's rural strategy, noting South Dakota went from three Democratic federal representatives to three Republicans. Closing Statements - Rudler asked voters to send him to Pierre, promising to remember who he works for and to focus on affordability, rural health care, education, and opportunity. - Garish told a personal story about bravery and asked voters to hire her because she would work hard in Pierre; she reminded attendees to register to vote by October 19. - Bernick cited South Dakota's rankings under decades of one-party control, including 50th in equality and 46th in teacher pay, and urged voters to think critically about whether candidates offered real solutions. - Cassen highlighted his accomplishments, including the unclaimed property trust fund and student teacher stipend program, and compared governing to coaching, noting the need to adapt and compromise. Key Outcomes - No formal votes or binding decisions occurred at the forum. - Candidates shared positions on taxes, health care, education, housing, data centers, and local control. - The forum moderator noted that several written audience questions could not be asked, including questions on competency, integrity, transparency, data centers, PAC money, party dynamics, Medicaid support, and role models. - The forum was recorded and made available on the City of Vermillion YouTube channel.

No agenda or minutes were provided; this summary is based on the forum transcript. The forum was hosted by the Vermillion Chamber and Development Companies (VCDC) Governmental Affairs Committee and facilitated with USD political science students. Moderators Matt Fairholm, Corey McGoffin, and Simone Work led candidates Leslie Garish, Austin Bernick, incumbent Representative Chris Cassen, and Troy Redler through opening statements, topic questions, audience questions, and closing remarks. Discussion Items - Budget and taxes: Candidates discussed SB 245, the homeowner property tax reduction fund. Leslie Garish called the bill fiscally irresponsible and supported targeted relief based on income and property value. Austin Bernick said the fund is uncertain, noted $55 million was added, and argued the sales and use tax increase from 4.2% to 4.5% hurts vulnerable residents. Chris Cassen said property taxes are the top issue he hears and supported evaluating the new program; Troy Redler, who cited $55.9 million in the fund, supported measuring actual homeowner savings before adding more money. - State reserves: The candidates discussed the reserve fund at roughly $325 million, or 12.7% of the 2027 budget. Bernick said it is a rainy day and the state should spend it now; Cassen said traditional practice is to spend down to 10% and that one-time appropriations require a two-thirds vote; Redler called a strong reserve a strength; Garish supported a 10% reserve and mentioned unmet needs in mental health and USD facilities. - Income and corporate tax: Cassen and Redler firmly opposed state income and corporate taxes, citing South Dakota's business climate. Garish said she would not introduce an income tax but supports a wealth tax and criticized reliance on regressive sales taxes. Bernick supported a progressive income tax on household income above $300,000, saying it could generate nearly $400 million and fund education and property tax relief. - Health and social services: On the rural health transformation project, Redler cited $189.4 million in federal funding and urged outcome-based evaluation; Cassen described it as $500 million coming to the state and highlighted maternal health and medical education. Garish said the project is technology-focused and does not solve provider shortages; Bernick called it insufficient compared with federal funding cuts. - Medicaid: Cassen explained that traditional Medicaid and Medicaid expansion have different federal match rates, with expansion at 90/10 costing the state about $35 million, and warned a 50/50 match could cost $150 million. Redler emphasized patient access and long-term fiscal sustainability. Garish noted 25% of babies in the state are born on Medicaid and said Medicaid expansion is only 8% of the Medicaid budget. Bernick supported expanding access and said health care is a human right. - Child care: Candidates agreed child care is a workforce issue. Cassen highlighted local grants and federal opportunities; Redler favored local solutions and reducing regulatory barriers; Garish cited a 2025 bipartisan child care employee assistance bill that passed both chambers but was vetoed by the governor; Bernick called for universal child care. - Education: Redler emphasized workforce preparation, internships, and apprenticeships. Garish said students do not feel valued and need a more diverse legislature. Bernick cited South Dakota's 46th-ranked teacher pay and said teachers are leaving for neighboring states. Cassen defended investments in university facilities and said South Dakota remains a net importer of people. - Charter schools: On SB 218, Garish opposed using public dollars for charter schools and supported public funding for public schools. Bernick opposed taxpayer funding for private schools. Cassen said he supports school choice and wants to see the federal education freedom tax credit develop. Redler said he is open to charter schools with accountability but opposed the provision allowing an unelected education secretary to override local school boards. - Economic policy and workforce housing: Bernick prioritized a progressive income tax; Cassen prioritized preserving no-income-tax competitiveness; Redler prioritized removing workforce housing barriers; Garish proposed targeted relief such as requiring insurance coverage for diagnostic mammograms, which she paid for out of pocket as a breast cancer survivor. - SB 41 housing infrastructure: Candidates discussed the $200 million housing infrastructure program that helped finance infrastructure for 236 planned multifamily units in Vermillion. Cassen said grants went quickly but loans were slower; Redler said he would evaluate results before adding more money; Garish said construction costs are affected by tariffs; Bernick cited roughly $2.4 million for Vermillion, about $10,000 per unit, and called for regulating private equity in housing. - Data centers: On SB 135, Redler supported the framework requiring data centers to cover costs and follow local rules. Garish said the law does not go far enough and supports a moratorium on hyperscale data centers. Bernick also supported a year-long moratorium, citing power, water, and noise concerns. Cassen said the law protects ratepayers and preserves local control, noting communities can choose their own moratoriums. Audience Questions - Amendment L: Garish and Bernick opposed Amendment L, saying a 60% requirement would make it harder for citizens to pass constitutional amendments. Cassen and Redler supported it, comparing it to the high bar for changing the U.S. Constitution. - State vs. local control: Bernick said the state should step in when local governments ignore voters. Cassen said decisions should start with the individual and move to the most local government possible. Redler said decisions should be made as close to the people as possible unless a compelling statewide interest exists. Garish said local control should generally prevail, with the state acting as a resource for small communities. - Party alignment: Cassen and Redler agreed with their party on low taxes and local control, but both disagreed with federal beef importation policies. Garish said she is a Democrat because she believes in helping those who need the most help. Bernick said he agrees with the Democratic Party on progressive taxation but disagrees with the national party's neglect of rural areas. Key Outcomes - No votes or formal decisions were made; the event was a candidate forum. - Candidates gave opening and closing statements and answered questions on budget and taxes, health and social services, education, economic development and housing, and audience-submitted topics. - Several unopposed candidates were recognized. The moderator noted that some audience questions were not asked due to time, including questions on PACs, Medicaid provider support, and role models. - The forum was recorded and aired on Midco Channel 3 and the City of Vermillion's YouTube channel. Eligible voters were reminded to register by October 19 and to vote in November.

The Vermillion City Council met on October 6, 2026, to conduct routine business, approve proclamations and ordinances, and discuss policy matters including data center regulations and the 2027 budget. The meeting began with roll call, pledge, approval of minutes and agenda, followed by proclamations for Native American Day, National Arts and Humanities Month, Fire Prevention Week, and Public Power Week. Consent Calendar - Approved the previous meeting's minutes as written. - Approved the agenda as written. - Approved the consent agenda as written without objection. Proclamations - Recognized October 12, 2026 as Native American Day in Vermillion. - Recognized October 2026 as National Arts and Humanities Month. - Recognized October 4-10, 2026 as Fire Prevention Week, with a focus on safe lithium-ion battery charging. - Recognized October 4-10, 2026 as Public Power Week, honoring the city's Light and Power Department. Public Comments & Testimony - Larry Brady, trustee for Susan French Trust, opposed a $169.92 special assessment for nuisance abatement on a property he planted with wildflowers. He argued the property was a flower garden, which is exempt under city ordinance, and that the city mowed it prematurely. He requested the assessment be voided and future mowing avoided. - Staff and council countered that at the time of tagging the property was overgrown and no longer a flower garden. Council members heard his testimony and later voted to postpone the assessment pending further evidence review. Discussion Items - Data Center Ordinances: The Planning and Zoning Commission had forwarded six ordinances regulating data centers. City Manager John outlined options for review: scheduling a public hearing for first reading, referral to committee, or an educational session. Council members Julia Hellwick, Mike Mura, and Gary advocated for full council engagement via an educational session rather than a committee, emphasizing public input and not overstepping the commission. The council directed staff to schedule an educational session at the next available Monday noon meeting. - MRES S1 Agreement: Staff presented a recap of the Missouri River Energy Services S1 agreement amendment extending the term to 2067 and adjusting power procurement flexibility. Council approved the amendment. - Application Fee Increases: Staff proposed raising fees for annexation, variances, and vacation requests to $175 each, citing rising costs and comparison with other cities. Council approved the resolution unanimously. - Digger Derrick Truck Purchase: The city approved purchase of a new 2029 Altec DT85E digger derrick truck for $685,966, funded by increased Light and Power contributions over three years. Council members discussed the need for higher capacity and inflationary savings, and approved the purchase. - Hangar Lease Agreement: Council approved a 15-year lease extension for Vermillion Flying Service at the airport at the existing rate of $10/year, a legacy rate significantly below current market rates. Council acknowledged the favorable terms but approved as committed. - 2027 Budget: City Manager John presented a preliminary 2027 budget, highlighting major capital projects and revenue projections. A budget review session was scheduled for October 22, 2026. Key Outcomes - Approved consent agenda, minutes, and agenda unanimously. - Approved ordinance 1576 (rezoning from R1 to R3) for Coyote Den LLC property by 7-0 roll call vote. - Postponed the $169.92 special assessment for French Investments LLC to allow review of evidence; adopted the rest of the nuisance abatement resolution. - Approved MRES S1 agreement amendment. - Approved resolution to increase application fees for annexation, variance, and vacation requests to $175 each. - Approved purchase of digger derrick truck for $685,966. - Approved 15-year hangar lease extension with Vermillion Flying Service. - Appointed Aaron Badke and Connor Jensen to the Tree Board; approved Patrick Morrison to Business Improvement District 2 board. - Directed scheduling of a data center educational session at the next Monday noon meeting.

The Vermillion City Council met in regular session at 6 p.m. on October 5, 2026. The meeting included proclamations, a public hearing on nuisance abatement special assessments, second reading of a zoning ordinance, planning for data center ordinances, approval of utility and equipment resolutions, board appointments, and an introduction of the 2027 budget. Most votes were voice votes; the zoning ordinance was approved by a 7-0 roll call. Opening and Consent Calendar - The council approved the previous meeting's minutes as written and accepted the agenda as written. - No consent agenda items were removed; the consent agenda was approved as written. Proclamations - The Vermillion Human Relations Commission proclaimed October 2026 as National Arts and Humanities Month, recognizing local cultural organizations and events. A council member noted that Latino Hispanic Heritage Month is also observed from September 15 to October 15, with a theme translated as "Together We Are More." - The council proclaimed October 4-10, 2026 as Fire Prevention Week under the theme "Charge into Fire Safety: Safe Charging is a Superpower." Fire Marshal Matt spoke about lithium-ion battery fire risks, safe charging, and proper battery disposal at the annual hazardous waste drop-off. - The council proclaimed October 4-10, 2026 as Public Power Week, honoring the City of Vermillion Light and Power Department, a community-owned utility created in 1915. Public Comments & Testimony - During the nuisance abatement public hearing, Larry Brady, trustee for the Susan French Trust, objected to a $169 assessment on a property he said was a flower garden. He stated he spent about $3,500 on seed and that the first bloom was mowed down on July 14, 2025, preventing later blooms. He argued the city's ordinance exempts flower gardens and asked the council to abate the bill and not mow the property in the future. City code enforcement staff responded that the property had become overgrown and weed-dominated at the time of cutting and that the city incurred contractor costs. - Caitlin Collier, 917 Eastgate Drive, spoke about the data center ordinances, warning that some concerns repeatedly raised by the public at Planning and Zoning Commission meetings were not reflected in the ordinances. She urged the council to study the materials thoroughly so they would be prepared to answer questions at the public hearing. Discussion Items - Nuisance abatement special assessment roll: Staff explained that assessments were for weed/grass mowing and nuisance cleanup costs, that notices were published and mailed, and that unpaid assessments become liens on the property. The council discussed whether to postpone the French Trust assessment until photographic evidence could be reviewed. The council then approved the resolution as written while postponing only the French Investments LLC assessment. - Ordinance 1576 - Rezone from R1 to R3: This was the second reading of an ordinance requested by Kyle Den LC for property west of North University, bounded by USD property. No public comment was received. A council member asked about R1 versus R3; staff explained R3 is the densest residential district. The ordinance passed 7-0 by roll call. - Data center ordinances - timing and next steps: The mayor explained that the Planning and Zoning Commission had submitted six data center ordinances and that a public hearing must be scheduled before the first reading. Staff offered options including scheduling first reading on October 19, sending the ordinances to a committee, or holding an educational session. Several council members supported a full council educational session rather than a committee review, saying the Planning and Zoning Commission had already done substantial work and that the council should not overstep it. The council directed the city manager to schedule an informational session at the next available Monday noon meeting that does not conflict with budget work or the landfill tour. - MRES S1 agreement amendment: Staff reviewed the supplemental power agreement with Missouri River Energy Services. WAPA provides about 54% of the community's electricity, with MRES supplying the remainder. The amendment extends the agreement from 2057 to 2067, adds environmental attribute provisions, and adjusts the option to cap purchases. The council approved the resolution authorizing the mayor to execute the amended agreement. - Application fee revisions: Staff proposed raising annexation, variance, and vacation request application fees from $75, $150, and $100 respectively to $175 each, citing cost recovery and comparison with other South Dakota cities. The council approved the resolution. - Digger derrick truck purchase: Staff recommended purchasing a new 2029 Altec DT85E digger derrick truck for $685,966 to replace a 2013 Terex Commander 6051. The purchase would use $290,000 from the equipment replacement fund, with the remaining approximately $396,000 funded by increasing Light and Power equipment rent payments by $113,000 in 2027, 2028, and 2029. Staff said ordering now locks the price and avoids an estimated 5-7% annual escalation. The council approved the purchase resolution. - Hangar lease agreement with Vermillion Flying Service: The city had a lease dating to 1977 and a current 1986 agreement with two 15-year extension options. The council approved the second 15-year extension, extending the term through October 11, 2041 at the existing $10 per year rate. Staff noted newer city leases are generally 15 cents per square foot, which would equate to about $4,521 per year for this space. - Board appointments: The council reappointed Aaron Badke to a two-year term on the Tree Board and appointed Connor Jensen to a one-year Tree Board term. The council also appointed Patrick Morrison to Business Improvement District Number Two. - 2027 budget: The city manager presented the proposed 2027 budget, noting flat sales tax compared with the same months in 2025, major water and wastewater treatment plant projects, completion of the Light and Power building, and equipment replacement funding. A budget review session was scheduled for Thursday, October 22, 2026. No formal budget action was taken. - City manager's report: Upcoming items included city office closure on October 12 for Native American Day, a public power lunch on October 9, a Historic Preservation Commission meeting on October 14, a Fire/EMS/Police open house on October 14, a joint city-county meeting on October 19, and a temporary Walker Street closure on October 13 for chiller replacement. Board vacancies remain open for the Business Improvement District and Vermillion Housing Authority. Key Outcomes - Approved the nuisance abatement resolution with the French Investments LLC assessment postponed for later review. - Passed Ordinance 1576 on second reading by a 7-0 roll call vote. - Authorized the mayor to execute the MRES S1 agreement amendment extending the supplemental power agreement to 2067. - Raised application fees for annexation, variances, and vacation requests to $175 each. - Approved the purchase of a new digger derrick truck for $685,966. - Approved the 15-year hangar lease extension with Vermillion Flying Service through October 11, 2041. - Appointed Aaron Badke, Connor Jensen, and Patrick Morrison to city boards. - Directed staff to schedule a data center ordinance educational session at the next available Monday noon meeting. - Received the 2027 budget proposal and scheduled a budget review session for October 22, 2026.

The Vermillion City Council met on September 21, 2026, to consider several ordinances, resolutions, and agreements. Key actions included approval of a zoning change from R1 to R3 for a parcel near the University of South Dakota, adoption of the property tax levy for 2027, a correction to the definition of motorized foot scooters, a three percent increase in the storm drainage fee, approval of an airport pavement project funding agreement, appointment of a student representative to the Human Relations Commission, and transfer of six lots to the Vermillion Chamber and Development Company (VCDC). All votes passed with little opposition. Consent Calendar - The consent agenda was approved as written, including routine items. - An item for the Broadcaster Press account was removed from the consent agenda to avoid conflicts of interest (Councilmember Lyas abstained). The payment of $1,761 was approved separately. Discussion Items - Rezoning (Ordinance 1576): Jose from administration presented a request to rezone a property near the University of South Dakota from R1 (single-family residential) to R3 (multi-family residential). He noted surrounding uses include an existing apartment, wellness center, dome, and sports center. The Planning and Zoning Commission recommended approval. Councilmember Mike, wearing a "firefighter hat," raised a concern about fire access behind Kyle Village, asking that future design include an access point. Jose confirmed that the fire marshal would review plans. Councilmember Julia asked about nearby zoning; staff confirmed the area is surrounded by general business and R3. The council voted to advance the ordinance to second reading on October 5, 2026. - Storm Drainage Fee Increase: Jose presented a resolution to increase the unit financial charge by three percent for 2027. The fee would generate $353,946, up $10,300 from 2026. A single-family home on a 10,000 sq ft lot would see an annual increase from $39.02 to $40.20. Council asked about the fund balance (approximately $700,000) and the condition of the storm drain system. Jose described it as in "not that bad of shape" but noted some sections need repairs. The council approved the three percent increase. - Airport Project Funding Agreement: Jose explained that a pavement maintenance project at the airport was completed earlier in 2025 ahead of finalizing funding agreements. The federal government covers 95% of costs, the state 2.5%, and the city 2.5% – a total city share of $3,622 on a $145,000 project. Councilmember John noted the financial benefit. Councilmember Judy asked about helicopter pads; Jose clarified there are no designated pads but helicopters can use the apron. The council authorized the mayor to sign the agreement. - Appointment to Human Relations Commission: The mayor announced the selection of Addy Oyan as the post-secondary student representative. The council approved the appointment. - Transfer of Six Lots to VCDC: John presented an MOU to transfer lots 1-6 of Block 2 in the Jack Powell development to the VCDC, which had been overlooked in a previous transfer. Conditions include VCDC keeping property taxes current, no reduction in lot count (to maintain TIFF district revenue), and requiring building permits within one year of sale. The VCDC board must also ratify the MOU. Council clarified the location and discussed adjacent townhome and senior housing projects. The council approved the MOU. - Public Hearing on Nuisance Abatement: Wendy presented a resolution to set October 5, 2026, as the date for a public hearing on the special assessment roll for nuisance abatement costs (mowing, debris removal, etc.). The council adopted the resolution. - Correction to Motorized Foot Scooter Definition (Second Reading): Alex presented a second reading of an ordinance correcting the definition of a motorized foot scooter by inserting the word "no" so it reads "has no more than two 12-inch or smaller diameter wheels." The error was from a prior ordinance. The council passed the ordinance on a roll call vote of 9-0. - Property Tax Levy (Second Reading): John presented the second reading of Ordinance 1574 certifying the city's property tax levy to the Clay County auditor for 2027. The total amount requested is formula-based and slightly larger than the memo number to allow for county adjustments. The council voted approval via roll call. Key Outcomes - Ordinance 1576 (Rezoning): Advanced to second reading on October 5, 2026 (voice vote, all ayes). - Consent Agenda: Approved as written. - Ordinance 1574 (Property Tax Levy): Approved on second reading (roll call, passed). - Ordinance (Motorized Foot Scooter Definition): Approved on second reading (roll call, 9-0). - Storm Drainage Fee Increase: Resolution adopted to increase fee by 3% for 2027 (voice vote, all ayes). - Airport Project Agreement: Mayor authorized to sign the funding agreement (voice vote, all ayes). - Appointment: Addy Oyan appointed to Human Relations Commission (voice vote, all ayes). - MOU for Six Lots: Approved for transfer to VCDC (voice vote, all ayes). - Public Hearing Resolution: Set October 5, 2026, for nuisance abatement special assessment hearing (voice vote, all ayes). - Broadcaster Press Payment: Approved $1,761 invoice (voice vote, all ayes; Councilmember Lyas abstained).

The Vermillion City Council met on September 21, 2026, at 5:30 PM to discuss a rezoning request, second readings of ordinances, a storm drainage fee increase, an airport funding agreement, appointments, and property transfers. All agenda items were approved, with two ordinances requiring roll-call votes. Consent Calendar - Minutes: Approved unanimously from previous meetings. - Agenda: Approved as written without revisions. - Consent Agenda: Items moved as a block; no items pulled to new business. Approved unanimously. Discussion Items - Rezoning Request (R1 to R3): Jose presented a request from Cyote Den LC to rezone approximately 3.8 acres near USD property (bounded by North University, Row Street, and Coyote Village). The property is surrounded by state-owned land (USD) which is exempt from city zoning per a 1977 Attorney General opinion. The owner was not required to collect signatures from USD. The Planning and Zoning Commission recommended approval unanimously on September 14, 2026. No public comment was made. Council member Mike raised fire access concerns but expressed support; staff confirmed future fire code review. Council member Julia asked about surrounding zoning. The council approved the rezone for second reading on October 5, 2026. - Second Reading of Ordinance 1574 – Property Tax Levy: John (city staff) explained that due to a change in budget process, a separate ordinance was needed to certify the property tax levy to the Clay County Auditor. The ordinance slightly exceeds the memo amount to allow for formula adjustments. No changes since first reading. A roll-call vote passed 9-0. - Second Reading – Motorized Foot Scooter Definition Correction: Alex presented an amendment to add the word "no" to the definition: "has no more than two 12-inch or smaller diameter wheels." The error was discovered from a previously adopted ordinance. Roll-call vote passed 9-0. - Storm Drainage Fee Increase: Joseph proposed a 3% increase in the unit financial charge to generate approximately $353,946 in 2027 (about $10,300 more than 2026). A single-family home on a 10,000 sq ft lot would see an annual increase from $39.02 to $40.20. Council members asked about fund balance and system condition; staff noted gradual increases and about $700,000 in reserves. Approved unanimously. - Airport Pavement Maintenance Funding Agreement: Jose reported that the project was completed in advance of funding agreements. The federal government will pay 95%, the state 2.5%, and the city 2.5% (about $3,622 of the total $145,000). Council approved allowing the mayor to sign the agreements. - Appointment to Human Relations Commission: The mayor nominated Addie Oyen as the post-secondary student representative. Motion approved unanimously. - Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) – Jack Powell Lots: John requested approval to transfer six previously overlooked lots (Block 2, Lots 1-6) to the Vermillion Chamber and Development Company (VCDC) for development. Conditions include property tax payment, no reduction in lot count, and building permit within one year of sale. Council clarified lot layouts and the senior housing project. Approved unanimously. - Resolution Setting Public Hearing for Nuisance Abatement Special Assessment: Wendy presented a resolution to set a public hearing on October 5, 2026, for the special assessment of costs for grass mowing, snow removal, and debris abatement. Approved unanimously. - Invoice Payment – Broadcaster Press: An invoice of $1,761 was removed from consent to avoid conflict of interest. Council member Lyas abstained. Motion to approve passed. Key Outcomes - Rezone Approved for Second Reading on October 5, 2026. - Ordinance 1574 (Tax Levy) passed on second reading (9-0 roll call). - Motorized Scooter Definition Correction passed on second reading (9-0 roll call). - Storm Drainage Fee increased by 3% effective 2027. - Airport Funding authorized. - Addie Oyen appointed to Human Relations Commission. - Six Lots transferred to VCDC. - Public Hearing set for October 5, 2026, on nuisance abatement assessments. - Broadcaster Press invoice approved. City Manager's Report - Upcoming meetings: Human Relations Commission on September 29, 2026 (moved due to conflict); Planning and Zoning Commission on September 28, 2026, with two conditional use permits. - Board vacancies: Business Improvement District 1 (lodging owner/manager), Vermillion Housing Authority (five-year term), Tree Board (one- and two-year terms), Business Improvement District 2 (two three-year terms). - Raffle notification: USD ROTC cadets selling $50 tickets (limited to 400) for a Bergara B14 HMR rifle (valued at $3,000) until November 14, 2026. - Blue Envelope Program: New initiative for drivers on the autism spectrum; envelopes available at police department.